Asmanın (Vitis spp.) Fungal Hastalıklarla Teşvik Edilen Savunma Mekanizması

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 2, 45 - 55, 30.11.2018

Gülhan Gülbasar Kandilli Gökhan Söylemezoğlu Arif Atak

Öz

Ülkemiz
bağcılık için elverişli iklim ve toprak yapısına sahiptir. Ülkemizde ve dünyada
en yaygın yetiştiriciliği yapılan tür Vitis
vinifera L.’dir. Şaraplık, sofralık ve kurutmalık tüketime uygun bu türe
ait çeşitlerin neredeyse tamamı fungal hastalıklara hassastır. Bu nedenle
hastalıklarla mücadelede yoğun fungusit kullanımı zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Aşırı
fungusit kullanımı nedeniyle insan ve çevre sağlığı olumsuz etkilenmektedir.
Dünyadaki en önemli asma hastalıkları fungal patojenlerin sebep olduğu külleme
(Uncinula necator syn. Erysiphe necator) ve mildiyö (Plasmopora viticola)’dür. Bağcılıkta bu
hastalıklara dayanıklı çeşitlerin kullanımı ekonomik ve çevresel yönden önemli
yararlar sağlayacaktır. Bitkide hastalıklara dayanıklılık bakımından bitki
savunma mekanizması hayati öneme sahiptir. Hastalıkların kontrolü için bitkinin
sahip olduğu savunma mekanizmasını harekete geçirmeye yönelik uygulamalar
tarımsal üretimin sürdürülebilirliği ve insan–çevre sağlığını korumak açısından
oldukça önemlidir. Bu makalede asmanın fungal hastalıklarla harekete geçen
savunma mekanizmasının nasıl çalıştığı anlatılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dayanıklılık, savunma mekanizması, asma, hastalıklar

Grapevine (Vitis spp.) Defence Mechanism Triggered With Fungal Disease

Öz

Our country has climate and soil structure suitable
for viticulture. Vitis vinifera L. is
the most common species in our country and in the world. Varieties of this
species are suitable for consumption of wine, table and raisin but almost all
of them are highly susceptible to fungal diseases. For this reason, applying
very intensive fungicide to control diseases has become compulsory. Due to
using a very high amount of fungicide, human and environmental health are affected
adversely. The most important diseases of grapevine worldwide are powdery
mildew (Uncinula necator syn. Erysiphe necator) and downy mildew (Plasmopora viticola), which were caused
by the fungal pathogens. The use of resistance cultivars will result in
significant economic and environmental benefits. Plant defense mechanism has
vital importance in resistance to plant diseases. Practices to mobilize the
defense mechanism of the plant for disease control are important in many
respects such as sustainable agricultural production and the protection of
human–environment health. This article explains how the defense mechanism of
grapevine that acts with fungal disease works

Anahtar Kelimeler

Resistance, defense mechanism, grapevine, diseases

Kaynakça

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