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The Greek-Orthodox Schools of the Ecumenical Patriarchate through the Perspectives of Pre-modernity and Modernity

Yıl 2022, , 11 - 38, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.56679/balkar.1140254

Öz

The present study is part of the framework delimited by the scientific discipline of “History of Education”. The aim of this paper is to describe and interpret the institutional context of the “secret schools” of the “Rum Millet” under Ottoman rule and to identify the origins of the legend of these schools being illegal and secret, as it is obvious that, although the construction and the diffusion of the legend of the “secret school” started in the beginning of the 19th century, the academic dialogue continues to be active in the present day. The paper deals with the following topics: the institutional context of the schools of the “Rum Millet” under Ottoman rule; the effects of the circumstances, created during the different periods of the Ottoman rule, on the schools’ institutional framework and their operation; typological classification of the schools of the Rum millet; the view of “secret schools” among the newly emerged Greek elite after the founding of the Greek state.

Destekleyen Kurum

University of Western Macedonia

Kaynakça

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Yıl 2022, , 11 - 38, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.56679/balkar.1140254

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Periodicals
  • Hermes Logios (1813)
  • Hermes Logios (1819)
  • Primary Sources
  • Crusius, Martin. Turcogreciae (Quibus Graecorum status sub imperio Turcico, in Polita & Ecclesia, Oeconomia & Scholis, iam inde ab amissa Constantinopoli, ad haec usque tempora, luculenter describitu). Basilea.: Leonhard Ostein fur Verlag Sebastian Henricpetris.Folq, 1584.
  • Helladii, Alexandri. Status praesens Ecclesiae Graecae in quo etiam causae exponuntur cur graeci moderni Novi Testamenti editiones in graeco-barbara lingua factas acceptare recusant. Praeterea additus est in fine status nonnullarum controversiarum ab A. H. Nat. Graec. Impressus A.R.S, MDCCXIV.
  • Paliouritis, Grigorios. Elliniki Archaeologia [Greek Archaeology, that is, Philological History, Containing the laws, the State, the Customs of the Ancient Greeks, and Especially of the Inhabitants of Athens. Collected from Various Authors by Ordained Monk Grigorios Paliouritis of Ioannina, Teacher of the Hellenic Museum of Livorno, Completing the Third Volume of his Greek History. Edited by Spyridon Vlantis]. Venice: Nikolaos Glykis, 1815.
  • Papadopoulos-Vretos, Andreas. Synchroni Elliniki Filologia [Modern Greek Philology: That is, List of Books Printed by Greeks from the Fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Establishment of the Greek Kingdom in the Spoken or Ancient Greek Language Composed by Andreas Papadopoulos-Vretos]. Athens: 1854-1857, L. D. Vilaras, V. P. Lioumis.
  • Paranikas, Matthaios. Schediasma peri tis en to elliniko ethnei katastaseos ton grammaton apo Aloseos Konstantinoupoleos mechri ton archon tis enestosis ekatontaetiridos [Plan about the Situation of the Greek letters in the Greek Nation, from the Fall of Constantinople until the Beginning of the Centenary]. Constantinople: Koromilas, 1867.
  • Sofianos, Nikolaos. I grammatiki tis ellinikis koinis glossas [Grammar of the Common Greek Language]. Paris: Emilios Legradios, 1870.
  • Vardalahos, Konstantinos. Fysika [Physics]. Vienna: Leopold Ground, 1812. https://anemi/lib.uoc.gr/search/?dtab=m&serach_type/simple&search_help=&display_mode=overview&wf_step=init&show_secret=0&number=10&keep_number=&ccltern1=Κωνσταντίνος +Βαρδαλάχος++&c.
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  • Akturk, Sener. “Persistence of the Islamic Millet as an Ottoman Legacy: Mono-religious and Anti-ethnic Definition of Turkish Nationhood.” Middle Eastern Studies 45, no. 6 (2009): 913-929.
  • Anagnostopoulou, Sia. I Micra Asia ton 19o aiona. Oi Ellinorthodoxes koinotites. Apo to Rum Millet sto synchrono elliniko ethnos [Asia Minor 19th century-1919, The Greek Orthodox Communities. From the Millet of the Rum to the Modern Greek Nation]. Athens: Greek Letters, 1997.
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  • Arnakis, George. “Turanism: An Aspect of Turkish Nationalism.” Balkan Studies, 1 (1960): 21-32.
  • Avdali, Athanasia K. I Fyllologiki enkyklopaideia tou Ioanni Patousa. Symvoli stin Istoria tis ekpaideusis toy Synchronou Ellinismou [The Philological Encyclopedia by Ioannis Patousas. Contribution to the History of Education of Modern Hellenism (1710-1839)]. Athens: Karavias, 1984.
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  • Berkes, Niyazi. The Development of Secularism in Turkey. Montreal: McGill University Press, 1964.
  • Berkes, Niyazi (ed.). Turkish Nationalism and Western Civilization. Selected Essays of Ziya Gokalp. New York: Columbia University Press, 1959.
  • Betsas, Ioannis. “Institutional and Functional Aspects of the Education of the Greek Orthodox Communities in the Ottoman State, from the Beginning of the Tanzimat reforms until the Young Turks’ Revolution.” (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Thessaloniki: Aristotle University, 2003.
  • Brubaker, Rogers & Frederick Cooper. “Beyond Identity.” in Frederick Cooper (ed.). Colonialism in Question: Theory, Knowledge, History. California: University of California Press, 2005, 59-90.
  • Chassiotis, Ioannis. Metaxi othomanikis kyriarchias kai europaikis proklisis, o ellinikos kosmos sta chronia tis tourkokratias [Between Ottoman rule and the European challenge, the Greek world during the years of Ottoman rule]. Thessaloniki: University Studio Press: 2001.
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  • Davison, Roderic H. Reform in the Ottoman Empire 1856-1876. Princeton: Princeton Legacy University Press, {1963}, 2016.
  • Davison, Roderic H. “The Millets as Agents of Change in the 19th Century Ottoman Empire.” in Benjamin Braude and Bernard Lewis (eds.). Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The Functioning of a Plural Society. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1986, 319-337.
  • Demos, Raphael. “The Neo-Hellenic Enlightenment (1750-1821).” Journal of the History of Ideas, 19, 4 (1958): 523-54.
  • Dufour, Burry. New Movements in the Social Studies and Humanities. London: Maurice Temple Smith, 1982.
  • Ecclesiastiki Alitheia, I allagi tis politeias [The Change of Polity], 31 (7.8.1908).
  • Ecclesiastiki Alitheia, To mati tis dikaiosynis [The Eye of Justice], 36, (12.9.1908).
  • Ecclesiastiki Alitheia, Gia ta themata mas [On our Issues], l.37 (17.9.1908).
  • Ecclesiastiki Alitheia, Logiki opsi ton thematon mas [Logical Aspect about our Issues], 39, (30.9.1909).
  • Ergil, Doğu. “Reassessment: The Young Turks, Their Politics and Anticolonial Struggle.” Balkan Studies, 16 (1975): 26-72.
  • Exertzoglou, Haris. “Economy, Social Stratification and Cultural Approach. The Presence of Business and Professional Groups in the Educational and Cultural Affairs of the City, 1850-1912.” in Association of Constantinople (ed.), Poli kai Pedia [City and Education] (in Greek: Poli=Constantinople). Athens: Hellenika Grammata, 1997, 155-176.
  • Exertzoglou, Haris. Ethniki tautotita stin konstantinoupoli ton 19o aiona [National Identity in Constantinople in the 19th Century]. Athens: Nefeli, 1996.
  • Exertzoglou, Ηaris. “Reconstructing Community: Cultural Differentiation and Identity Politics in Christian Orthodox Communities during the Late Ottoman Era.” in Minna Ronen (ed.). Homelands and Diasporas: Greeks, Jews and their Migrations. London: I. B. Tauris, 2008, 137-154.
  • Evaggelidis, Tryfon. Ι ekpaideusi sti diarkeia tis turkikis katochis, ellinika scholeia apo tin ptosi tis konstantinoupolis mechri ton Kapodistria [Education during the Turkish Occupation, Greek Schools from the Fall of Constantinople to Kapodistrias]. Athens: Chalkiopoulos, 1936.
  • Fragoudaki, Anna & Thalia Dragona. Ti einai i chora mas: Ethnokentrismos stin ekpaideusi [What is Our Country: Ethnocentrism in Education?]. Athens: Alexandria, 1997.
  • Gedeon, Manuel. Chronica tis Patriarhikis Akadimias. Istorika nea gia tin Megali tou Genous Scholi [Chronicles of Patriarchal Academy. Historical News about The Great School of the Nation, 1455-1830]. Constantinople, 1883.
  • Gedeon, Manuel. I pnevmatiki kinisi tou genous sti diakeia tou 18ou kai 19ou aiona [The Spiritual Movement of the Nation during the Eighteen and Nineteen Century]. Athens: Ermis, 1976 [1888-1889].
  • Gedeon, Manuel. “Scholeia kai vivlia sti diarkeia tou 17ou aiona.” [“Schools and Books during the 17th Century”]. Ekklesiastiki Alitheia, 38 (1888a): 303-306.
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  • Kardaras, Christos. To Oikoumeniko Patriarcheio kai o alytrotos Ellinismos tis Makedonias, Thrakis, Ipeirou. meta to synedrio tou Berolinou [The Ecumenical Patriarchate and the unredeemed Hellenism of Macedonia, Thrace and Epirus. After the Congress of Berlin (1878). Athens: Epikairotita, 1996.
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  • Karpat, Kemal H. The Politicization of Islam: Reconstructing Identity, State, Faith and Community in the late Ottoman Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
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  • Kitromilides, Paschalis. “Imagined Communities and the Origins of the National Question in the Balkans.” in Martin Blinkhorn and Thanos Veremis (eds.). Modern Greece: Nationalism and Nationality. Athens: Sage-Eliamep, 1990: 23-66.
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  • Skenderis, Konstantinos. Istoria tis Archaias kai synchronis Moschopolis [History of Ancient and Modern Moschopolis]. Athens: I. Vartsos, 1928.
  • Skopetea, Elli. To “protypo vasileio” kai i Megali Idea. Opseis tou Ethnikou Provlimatos stin Ellada (1830-1880) [The Model Kingdom and the Great Idea: Aspects of the National Problem in Greece (1830-1880)]. (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Thessaloniki: Aristotle University [published, Athens: Ekdoseis Polytypo, 1988]
  • Stamatopoulos, Dimitris. Metarrythmisi kai ekkosmikeusi. Pros mia anasynthesi tis istorias tou Oikoumenikou Patriarcheiou ton 19o aiona [Reform and Secularization. Towards Recompositing of the History of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in the 19th century]. Athens: Alexandria, 2003.
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  • Varlas, Michalis. “Katoptra koinotiton. I eikona tis koinotitas stin elliniki istoriografia” [“Community Mirrors. The Image of the Community in Greek Historiography”] (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Athens: National Kapodistrian University, 1999.
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Yıl 2022, , 11 - 38, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.56679/balkar.1140254

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Periodicals
  • Hermes Logios (1813)
  • Hermes Logios (1819)
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  • Kazamias, Αndreas. Education and the Quest for Modernity in Turkey. London: G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1996.
  • Kerkidis, Efstathios N. Theodoros Anastasiou Kavaliotis (1718-1789). The Teacher of the Rum Millet. (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Kavala: Parousia, 1991.
  • Kitromilides, Paschalis. “From the Orthodox Commonwealth to the National Communities, Greek-Russian Intellectual Relations.” Historika, 6 (1989): 29-46.
  • Kitromilides, Paschalis. “The Greek State as National Center.” in G. D. Tsaousis (ed.) Hellenism–“Hellenikotita”: Ideological and Experiential Axes of Modern Greek Society. Athens: Estia, 1983.
  • Kitromilides, Paschalis. “Ideological Currents and Political Demands: Perspectives from the Greek 19th Century.” in D. G. Tsaousis (ed.), Aspects of Greek Society in the 19th Century. Athens: Estia, 1994, 23-38.
  • Kitromilides, Paschalis. “Imagined Communities and the Origins of the National Question in the Balkans.” in Martin Blinkhorn and Thanos Veremis (eds.). Modern Greece: Nationalism and Nationality. Athens: Sage-Eliamep, 1990: 23-66.
  • Kokkinos, Georgios. “Didaktiki tis Istorias gia mia nea didaktiki methodo stin ypiresia tis kritikis skepsis.” [“Teaching Approaches in the Subject of History. For a New Didactic Methodology in the Service of Critical Thinking”]. in Andreas Andreou (ed.) I didaktiki tis istorias stin Ellada kai i ereuna ton ekpaideutikon egcheiridion [The Teaching of History in Greece and the Research in School Textbooks]. Athens: Metaixmio, 1998, 89-101.
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  • Konortas, Paraskevas. “Ottoman Considerations Regarding the Status of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople. Some Hypotheses.” Greek Communications Presented at the 15th International Congress of South-Eastern European Studies. Athens: Greek National Committee for South-Eastern European Studies / Center for South-Eastern European Studies, 1990, 213-226.
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  • Kourilas, Evlogios. I Moschopolis kai I nea tis Akadimia [Moschopolis and its New Academy]. Athens, 1934.
  • Kournoutos, Georgios. Scholia tis tourkokratoumenis Kastorias [Schools in Turkish-occupied Kastoria]. Athens: Geras Antonios Keramopoulos, 1953.
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  • Manousakas, M. Symvoli stin Patriarchiki Scholi tis Konstantinoupolis. I idrysi tis Scholis tou Manolaki Kastorianou me vasi anekdotes piges [Contribution to the Patriarchal School in Constantinople. Regarding the founding of the school of Manolakis Kastorianos on the Basis of New Anecdotal Sources]. Athena, 54 (1950): 3-28.
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  • Mavroskoufis, Dimitris. “The Radical Ideology of the Greek National Territory and the Linguistic Educational Proposals of the Greek Demoticizing Movement (Early 19th Century).” in Nikos Terzis (ed.). Education in the Balkans. From the Enlightenment to the Nation States. Thessaloniki: Kyriakidis, 2000, 275-287.
  • Mystakidès, Vasilis. “Notes sur Martin Crusius: ses livres, ses ouvrages et ses manuscripts.” Revue Des Études Grecques, 11, no. 43, (1898): 279-306.
  • Nova-Kaltsouni, Christina. Koinonikopoiisi. I genesi tou koinonikou ypokeimenou [Socialization: The Birth of the Social Subject]. Athens: Gutenberg, 1998.
  • Papadopoulos, Grigorios. “On the Earlier Greek Schools.” Pandora, 9: 169-179.
  • Reble, Albert. History of Pedagogy. Athens: Papadimas, 2012. Runciman, Steven. The Great Church in Captivity: a study of the Patriarchate of Constantinople from the Eve of the Turkish Conquest to the Greek War of Independence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968.
  • Skarveli-Nikolopoulou, Angeliki. Mathimataria ton ellinikon scholion sti diarkeia tis Othomanikis katochis [Notebooks of the Greek Schools during the Ottoman Occupation]. Athens: Association for the Dissemination of the Useful Books, 1993.
  • Skenderis, Konstantinos. Istoria tis Archaias kai synchronis Moschopolis [History of Ancient and Modern Moschopolis]. Athens: I. Vartsos, 1928.
  • Skopetea, Elli. To “protypo vasileio” kai i Megali Idea. Opseis tou Ethnikou Provlimatos stin Ellada (1830-1880) [The Model Kingdom and the Great Idea: Aspects of the National Problem in Greece (1830-1880)]. (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Thessaloniki: Aristotle University [published, Athens: Ekdoseis Polytypo, 1988]
  • Stamatopoulos, Dimitris. Metarrythmisi kai ekkosmikeusi. Pros mia anasynthesi tis istorias tou Oikoumenikou Patriarcheiou ton 19o aiona [Reform and Secularization. Towards Recompositing of the History of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in the 19th century]. Athens: Alexandria, 2003.
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  • Tsoukalas, Constantinos. Exartisi kai anaparagogi [Dependence and Reproduction]. Athens: Themelio, 1992.
  • Turner, Joseph M. W. “Civic Education in the United States.” in Derek Heater and Judith A. Gillespie (eds). Political Education in Flux. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1981.
  • Varlas, Michalis. “Katoptra koinotiton. I eikona tis koinotitas stin elliniki istoriografia” [“Community Mirrors. The Image of the Community in Greek Historiography”] (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Athens: National Kapodistrian University, 1999.
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  • Ziogou-Karastergiou, Sidiroula. To Oikoumeniko Patriarcheio, i Othomaniki dioikisi kai i ekpedeusi tou ethnous. Keimena-Piges 1830-1914 [The Ecumenical Patriarchate, the Ottoman Administration and the Education of the Nation. Texts-Sources: 1830-1914]. Thessaloniki: Kyriakidis, 1998.
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Yıl 2022, , 11 - 38, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.56679/balkar.1140254

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Periodicals
  • Hermes Logios (1813)
  • Hermes Logios (1819)
  • Primary Sources
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  • Helladii, Alexandri. Status praesens Ecclesiae Graecae in quo etiam causae exponuntur cur graeci moderni Novi Testamenti editiones in graeco-barbara lingua factas acceptare recusant. Praeterea additus est in fine status nonnullarum controversiarum ab A. H. Nat. Graec. Impressus A.R.S, MDCCXIV.
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  • Papadopoulos-Vretos, Andreas. Synchroni Elliniki Filologia [Modern Greek Philology: That is, List of Books Printed by Greeks from the Fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Establishment of the Greek Kingdom in the Spoken or Ancient Greek Language Composed by Andreas Papadopoulos-Vretos]. Athens: 1854-1857, L. D. Vilaras, V. P. Lioumis.
  • Paranikas, Matthaios. Schediasma peri tis en to elliniko ethnei katastaseos ton grammaton apo Aloseos Konstantinoupoleos mechri ton archon tis enestosis ekatontaetiridos [Plan about the Situation of the Greek letters in the Greek Nation, from the Fall of Constantinople until the Beginning of the Centenary]. Constantinople: Koromilas, 1867.
  • Sofianos, Nikolaos. I grammatiki tis ellinikis koinis glossas [Grammar of the Common Greek Language]. Paris: Emilios Legradios, 1870.
  • Vardalahos, Konstantinos. Fysika [Physics]. Vienna: Leopold Ground, 1812. https://anemi/lib.uoc.gr/search/?dtab=m&serach_type/simple&search_help=&display_mode=overview&wf_step=init&show_secret=0&number=10&keep_number=&ccltern1=Κωνσταντίνος +Βαρδαλάχος++&c.
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  • Anagnostopoulou, Sia. I Micra Asia ton 19o aiona. Oi Ellinorthodoxes koinotites. Apo to Rum Millet sto synchrono elliniko ethnos [Asia Minor 19th century-1919, The Greek Orthodox Communities. From the Millet of the Rum to the Modern Greek Nation]. Athens: Greek Letters, 1997.
  • Angold, Michael. Eastern Christianity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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  • Brubaker, Rogers & Frederick Cooper. “Beyond Identity.” in Frederick Cooper (ed.). Colonialism in Question: Theory, Knowledge, History. California: University of California Press, 2005, 59-90.
  • Chassiotis, Ioannis. Metaxi othomanikis kyriarchias kai europaikis proklisis, o ellinikos kosmos sta chronia tis tourkokratias [Between Ottoman rule and the European challenge, the Greek world during the years of Ottoman rule]. Thessaloniki: University Studio Press: 2001.
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  • Ziogou-Karastergiou, Sidiroula. To Oikoumeniko Patriarcheio, i Othomaniki dioikisi kai i ekpedeusi tou ethnous. Keimena-Piges 1830-1914 [The Ecumenical Patriarchate, the Ottoman Administration and the Education of the Nation. Texts-Sources: 1830-1914]. Thessaloniki: Kyriakidis, 1998.
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Yıl 2022, , 11 - 38, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.56679/balkar.1140254

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Periodicals
  • Hermes Logios (1813)
  • Hermes Logios (1819)
  • Primary Sources
  • Crusius, Martin. Turcogreciae (Quibus Graecorum status sub imperio Turcico, in Polita & Ecclesia, Oeconomia & Scholis, iam inde ab amissa Constantinopoli, ad haec usque tempora, luculenter describitu). Basilea.: Leonhard Ostein fur Verlag Sebastian Henricpetris.Folq, 1584.
  • Helladii, Alexandri. Status praesens Ecclesiae Graecae in quo etiam causae exponuntur cur graeci moderni Novi Testamenti editiones in graeco-barbara lingua factas acceptare recusant. Praeterea additus est in fine status nonnullarum controversiarum ab A. H. Nat. Graec. Impressus A.R.S, MDCCXIV.
  • Paliouritis, Grigorios. Elliniki Archaeologia [Greek Archaeology, that is, Philological History, Containing the laws, the State, the Customs of the Ancient Greeks, and Especially of the Inhabitants of Athens. Collected from Various Authors by Ordained Monk Grigorios Paliouritis of Ioannina, Teacher of the Hellenic Museum of Livorno, Completing the Third Volume of his Greek History. Edited by Spyridon Vlantis]. Venice: Nikolaos Glykis, 1815.
  • Papadopoulos-Vretos, Andreas. Synchroni Elliniki Filologia [Modern Greek Philology: That is, List of Books Printed by Greeks from the Fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Establishment of the Greek Kingdom in the Spoken or Ancient Greek Language Composed by Andreas Papadopoulos-Vretos]. Athens: 1854-1857, L. D. Vilaras, V. P. Lioumis.
  • Paranikas, Matthaios. Schediasma peri tis en to elliniko ethnei katastaseos ton grammaton apo Aloseos Konstantinoupoleos mechri ton archon tis enestosis ekatontaetiridos [Plan about the Situation of the Greek letters in the Greek Nation, from the Fall of Constantinople until the Beginning of the Centenary]. Constantinople: Koromilas, 1867.
  • Sofianos, Nikolaos. I grammatiki tis ellinikis koinis glossas [Grammar of the Common Greek Language]. Paris: Emilios Legradios, 1870.
  • Vardalahos, Konstantinos. Fysika [Physics]. Vienna: Leopold Ground, 1812. https://anemi/lib.uoc.gr/search/?dtab=m&serach_type/simple&search_help=&display_mode=overview&wf_step=init&show_secret=0&number=10&keep_number=&ccltern1=Κωνσταντίνος +Βαρδαλάχος++&c.
  • Secondary Sources
  • “Practica tou Ellinikou Filologikou Syllogou Konstantinoupoleos.” Proceedings of the Hellenic Philological Association of Constantinople, year B, 10-12, 292 with remarks by S. Aristarchos.
  • Aggelou, Alkis. To kryfo scholio. Chroniko enos mythou [The Secret School. Chronicle of a Myth]. Athens: Estia, 1997.
  • Akturk, Sener. “Persistence of the Islamic Millet as an Ottoman Legacy: Mono-religious and Anti-ethnic Definition of Turkish Nationhood.” Middle Eastern Studies 45, no. 6 (2009): 913-929.
  • Anagnostopoulou, Sia. I Micra Asia ton 19o aiona. Oi Ellinorthodoxes koinotites. Apo to Rum Millet sto synchrono elliniko ethnos [Asia Minor 19th century-1919, The Greek Orthodox Communities. From the Millet of the Rum to the Modern Greek Nation]. Athens: Greek Letters, 1997.
  • Angold, Michael. Eastern Christianity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
  • Arnakis, George. “Turanism: An Aspect of Turkish Nationalism.” Balkan Studies, 1 (1960): 21-32.
  • Avdali, Athanasia K. I Fyllologiki enkyklopaideia tou Ioanni Patousa. Symvoli stin Istoria tis ekpaideusis toy Synchronou Ellinismou [The Philological Encyclopedia by Ioannis Patousas. Contribution to the History of Education of Modern Hellenism (1710-1839)]. Athens: Karavias, 1984.
  • Avdela, Efi. Istoria kai scholeio [History and School]. Athens: Nissos, 1998.
  • Berkes, Niyazi. The Development of Secularism in Turkey. Montreal: McGill University Press, 1964.
  • Berkes, Niyazi (ed.). Turkish Nationalism and Western Civilization. Selected Essays of Ziya Gokalp. New York: Columbia University Press, 1959.
  • Betsas, Ioannis. “Institutional and Functional Aspects of the Education of the Greek Orthodox Communities in the Ottoman State, from the Beginning of the Tanzimat reforms until the Young Turks’ Revolution.” (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Thessaloniki: Aristotle University, 2003.
  • Brubaker, Rogers & Frederick Cooper. “Beyond Identity.” in Frederick Cooper (ed.). Colonialism in Question: Theory, Knowledge, History. California: University of California Press, 2005, 59-90.
  • Chassiotis, Ioannis. Metaxi othomanikis kyriarchias kai europaikis proklisis, o ellinikos kosmos sta chronia tis tourkokratias [Between Ottoman rule and the European challenge, the Greek world during the years of Ottoman rule]. Thessaloniki: University Studio Press: 2001.
  • Chatzopoulos, Konstantinos. Ellinika scholia tin periodo tis othomanikis kyriarchias [Greek schools in the period of the Ottoman rule (1453-1821)]. Thessaloniki: Vanias, 1991.
  • Constantinides, C. N. Ekpedeusi sto Byzantio ton 13o kai ton proimo 14o aiona [Education in Byzantium in the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries (1204-1310)]. Thessaloniki: Stamoulis, 1982.
  • Davison, Roderic H. Reform in the Ottoman Empire 1856-1876. Princeton: Princeton Legacy University Press, {1963}, 2016.
  • Davison, Roderic H. “The Millets as Agents of Change in the 19th Century Ottoman Empire.” in Benjamin Braude and Bernard Lewis (eds.). Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The Functioning of a Plural Society. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1986, 319-337.
  • Demos, Raphael. “The Neo-Hellenic Enlightenment (1750-1821).” Journal of the History of Ideas, 19, 4 (1958): 523-54.
  • Dufour, Burry. New Movements in the Social Studies and Humanities. London: Maurice Temple Smith, 1982.
  • Ecclesiastiki Alitheia, I allagi tis politeias [The Change of Polity], 31 (7.8.1908).
  • Ecclesiastiki Alitheia, To mati tis dikaiosynis [The Eye of Justice], 36, (12.9.1908).
  • Ecclesiastiki Alitheia, Gia ta themata mas [On our Issues], l.37 (17.9.1908).
  • Ecclesiastiki Alitheia, Logiki opsi ton thematon mas [Logical Aspect about our Issues], 39, (30.9.1909).
  • Ergil, Doğu. “Reassessment: The Young Turks, Their Politics and Anticolonial Struggle.” Balkan Studies, 16 (1975): 26-72.
  • Exertzoglou, Haris. “Economy, Social Stratification and Cultural Approach. The Presence of Business and Professional Groups in the Educational and Cultural Affairs of the City, 1850-1912.” in Association of Constantinople (ed.), Poli kai Pedia [City and Education] (in Greek: Poli=Constantinople). Athens: Hellenika Grammata, 1997, 155-176.
  • Exertzoglou, Haris. Ethniki tautotita stin konstantinoupoli ton 19o aiona [National Identity in Constantinople in the 19th Century]. Athens: Nefeli, 1996.
  • Exertzoglou, Ηaris. “Reconstructing Community: Cultural Differentiation and Identity Politics in Christian Orthodox Communities during the Late Ottoman Era.” in Minna Ronen (ed.). Homelands and Diasporas: Greeks, Jews and their Migrations. London: I. B. Tauris, 2008, 137-154.
  • Evaggelidis, Tryfon. Ι ekpaideusi sti diarkeia tis turkikis katochis, ellinika scholeia apo tin ptosi tis konstantinoupolis mechri ton Kapodistria [Education during the Turkish Occupation, Greek Schools from the Fall of Constantinople to Kapodistrias]. Athens: Chalkiopoulos, 1936.
  • Fragoudaki, Anna & Thalia Dragona. Ti einai i chora mas: Ethnokentrismos stin ekpaideusi [What is Our Country: Ethnocentrism in Education?]. Athens: Alexandria, 1997.
  • Gedeon, Manuel. Chronica tis Patriarhikis Akadimias. Istorika nea gia tin Megali tou Genous Scholi [Chronicles of Patriarchal Academy. Historical News about The Great School of the Nation, 1455-1830]. Constantinople, 1883.
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  • Georgeon, François. Aux origines du nationalisme turc. Paris: Institut d’Etudes Anatoliennes, 1980.
  • Giannakopoulos, George A. Ο Ellinikos Fillologikos Syllogos Konstantinoupoleos (1861-1922). Elliniki ekpaideusi kai epistimi os ethniki politiki stin Othomaniki Autokratoria [The Hellenic Philological Association of Constantinople (1861-1922), Greek Education and Science as a National Policy in the Ottoman Empire]. (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Athens: National Kapodistrian University, 1998.
  • Gritsopoulos, Tasos. I Patriarchiki Megali tou Genous Scholi [Patriarchal Great School of the Nation]. Athens: Fexis, 1966.
  • von Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph. Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches. Band I, Buch XIII. Pest: C. A. Hartleben, 1834.
  • Hobsbawm, Eric. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Program, Myth, Reality. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
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  • Jenkins, Richard. “Rethinking Ethnicity: Identity, Categorization and Power.” Ethnic and Racial Studies. v. 17, 2 (1994): 197-223.
  • Kardaras, Christos. To Oikoumeniko Patriarcheio kai o alytrotos Ellinismos tis Makedonias, Thrakis, Ipeirou. meta to synedrio tou Berolinou [The Ecumenical Patriarchate and the unredeemed Hellenism of Macedonia, Thrace and Epirus. After the Congress of Berlin (1878). Athens: Epikairotita, 1996.
  • Karpat, Kemal. “The Memoirs of Batzaria: The Young Turks and Nationalism.” International Journal of Middle East Studies, 6 (1975): 276-298.
  • Karpat, Kemal H. The Politicization of Islam: Reconstructing Identity, State, Faith and Community in the late Ottoman Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
  • Kazamias, Αndreas. Education and the Quest for Modernity in Turkey. London: G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1996.
  • Kerkidis, Efstathios N. Theodoros Anastasiou Kavaliotis (1718-1789). The Teacher of the Rum Millet. (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Kavala: Parousia, 1991.
  • Kitromilides, Paschalis. “From the Orthodox Commonwealth to the National Communities, Greek-Russian Intellectual Relations.” Historika, 6 (1989): 29-46.
  • Kitromilides, Paschalis. “The Greek State as National Center.” in G. D. Tsaousis (ed.) Hellenism–“Hellenikotita”: Ideological and Experiential Axes of Modern Greek Society. Athens: Estia, 1983.
  • Kitromilides, Paschalis. “Ideological Currents and Political Demands: Perspectives from the Greek 19th Century.” in D. G. Tsaousis (ed.), Aspects of Greek Society in the 19th Century. Athens: Estia, 1994, 23-38.
  • Kitromilides, Paschalis. “Imagined Communities and the Origins of the National Question in the Balkans.” in Martin Blinkhorn and Thanos Veremis (eds.). Modern Greece: Nationalism and Nationality. Athens: Sage-Eliamep, 1990: 23-66.
  • Kokkinos, Georgios. “Didaktiki tis Istorias gia mia nea didaktiki methodo stin ypiresia tis kritikis skepsis.” [“Teaching Approaches in the Subject of History. For a New Didactic Methodology in the Service of Critical Thinking”]. in Andreas Andreou (ed.) I didaktiki tis istorias stin Ellada kai i ereuna ton ekpaideutikon egcheiridion [The Teaching of History in Greece and the Research in School Textbooks]. Athens: Metaixmio, 1998, 89-101.
  • Konortas, Paraskevas. “From Tâ’ife to Millet: Ottoman Terms for the Ottoman Greek-Orthodox Community.” in Dimitris Gondicas and Charles Philip Issawi (eds.). Ottoman Greeks in the Age of Nationalism: Politics, Economy and Society in the Nineteenth Century. Princeton, N. J.: Darwin Press, 1999, 169-179.
  • Konortas, Paraskevas. “Ottoman Considerations Regarding the Status of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople. Some Hypotheses.” Greek Communications Presented at the 15th International Congress of South-Eastern European Studies. Athens: Greek National Committee for South-Eastern European Studies / Center for South-Eastern European Studies, 1990, 213-226.
  • Kostis, Konstantinos. “Koinotites, ekklisia kai millet stis ellinikes perioches tis Othomanikis Autokratorias kata tin periodo ton Metarrythmiseon” [“Communities, Church and Millet in the ‘Greek’ Territories of the Ottoman Empire during the Reform Era”]. Mnimon, 13, (1991): 57-75.
  • Koumas, Konstantinos Michael. Istories ton anthropinon Praxeon apo ta archaia chronia mechri simera [Stories of Human Acts from Ancient Times to the Present] by excellent German Historians, freely translated by K. M. Koumas. Vienna: Anton V. Haykul, 1832.
  • Kourilas, Evlogios. I Moschopolis kai I nea tis Akadimia [Moschopolis and its New Academy]. Athens, 1934.
  • Kournoutos, Georgios. Scholia tis tourkokratoumenis Kastorias [Schools in Turkish-occupied Kastoria]. Athens: Geras Antonios Keramopoulos, 1953.
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  • Manousakas, M. Symvoli stin Patriarchiki Scholi tis Konstantinoupolis. I idrysi tis Scholis tou Manolaki Kastorianou me vasi anekdotes piges [Contribution to the Patriarchal School in Constantinople. Regarding the founding of the school of Manolakis Kastorianos on the Basis of New Anecdotal Sources]. Athena, 54 (1950): 3-28.
  • Martinianos, Ioannis. Moschopolis 1330-1930. Stilpon P. Kyriakidis (ed.). Thessaloniki: Association of Macedonian Studies.
  • Matalas, Paraskevas. Nation and Orthodoxy, the Adventures of a Relation: From the “Greek” to the Bulgarian Schism. Rethymnon: University of Crete Press, 2002.
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  • Mystakidès, Vasilis. “Notes sur Martin Crusius: ses livres, ses ouvrages et ses manuscripts.” Revue Des Études Grecques, 11, no. 43, (1898): 279-306.
  • Nova-Kaltsouni, Christina. Koinonikopoiisi. I genesi tou koinonikou ypokeimenou [Socialization: The Birth of the Social Subject]. Athens: Gutenberg, 1998.
  • Papadopoulos, Grigorios. “On the Earlier Greek Schools.” Pandora, 9: 169-179.
  • Reble, Albert. History of Pedagogy. Athens: Papadimas, 2012. Runciman, Steven. The Great Church in Captivity: a study of the Patriarchate of Constantinople from the Eve of the Turkish Conquest to the Greek War of Independence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968.
  • Skarveli-Nikolopoulou, Angeliki. Mathimataria ton ellinikon scholion sti diarkeia tis Othomanikis katochis [Notebooks of the Greek Schools during the Ottoman Occupation]. Athens: Association for the Dissemination of the Useful Books, 1993.
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  • Skopetea, Elli. To “protypo vasileio” kai i Megali Idea. Opseis tou Ethnikou Provlimatos stin Ellada (1830-1880) [The Model Kingdom and the Great Idea: Aspects of the National Problem in Greece (1830-1880)]. (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Thessaloniki: Aristotle University [published, Athens: Ekdoseis Polytypo, 1988]
  • Stamatopoulos, Dimitris. Metarrythmisi kai ekkosmikeusi. Pros mia anasynthesi tis istorias tou Oikoumenikou Patriarcheiou ton 19o aiona [Reform and Secularization. Towards Recompositing of the History of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in the 19th century]. Athens: Alexandria, 2003.
  • Stratigopoulos, D. Adimosieutoi Byzantinoi Asmatikoi Kanones. Diorthoseis kai Prosthikes [Unpublished Byzantine Asmatic Canons. Corrections and Additions]. Byzantina 20 (1999): 253-266.
  • Tsoukalas, Constantinos. Exartisi kai anaparagogi [Dependence and Reproduction]. Athens: Themelio, 1992.
  • Turner, Joseph M. W. “Civic Education in the United States.” in Derek Heater and Judith A. Gillespie (eds). Political Education in Flux. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1981.
  • Varlas, Michalis. “Katoptra koinotiton. I eikona tis koinotitas stin elliniki istoriografia” [“Community Mirrors. The Image of the Community in Greek Historiography”] (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Athens: National Kapodistrian University, 1999.
  • Wilson-Slack, Kristine. “The Seven Liberal Arts – The Trivium.” https://blog.philosophicalsociety.org/2017/05/24/the-seven-liberal-arts-the-trivium/.
  • Zacharopoulos, Nikos. I ekpaideusi stin Othomaniki autokratoria [Education in the Ottoman Empire]. Thessaloniki: Pournaras, 1983.
  • Ziogou-Karastergiou, Sidiroula. To Oikoumeniko Patriarcheio, i Othomaniki dioikisi kai i ekpedeusi tou ethnous. Keimena-Piges 1830-1914 [The Ecumenical Patriarchate, the Ottoman Administration and the Education of the Nation. Texts-Sources: 1830-1914]. Thessaloniki: Kyriakidis, 1998.
  • Zürcher, Erik Jan. The Unionist Factor: The Role of Union and Progress in the Turkish National Movement (1905-1926). Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1984.
Toplam 89 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Sofia Iliadou-tachou 0000-0003-1838-7904

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Iliadou-tachou, S. (2022). The Greek-Orthodox Schools of the Ecumenical Patriarchate through the Perspectives of Pre-modernity and Modernity. Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies(9), 11-38. https://doi.org/10.56679/balkar.1140254
AMA Iliadou-tachou S. The Greek-Orthodox Schools of the Ecumenical Patriarchate through the Perspectives of Pre-modernity and Modernity. BALKAR. Aralık 2022;(9):11-38. doi:10.56679/balkar.1140254
Chicago Iliadou-tachou, Sofia. “The Greek-Orthodox Schools of the Ecumenical Patriarchate through the Perspectives of Pre-Modernity and Modernity”. Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies, sy. 9 (Aralık 2022): 11-38. https://doi.org/10.56679/balkar.1140254.
EndNote Iliadou-tachou S (01 Aralık 2022) The Greek-Orthodox Schools of the Ecumenical Patriarchate through the Perspectives of Pre-modernity and Modernity. Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies 9 11–38.
IEEE S. Iliadou-tachou, “The Greek-Orthodox Schools of the Ecumenical Patriarchate through the Perspectives of Pre-modernity and Modernity”, BALKAR, sy. 9, ss. 11–38, Aralık 2022, doi: 10.56679/balkar.1140254.
ISNAD Iliadou-tachou, Sofia. “The Greek-Orthodox Schools of the Ecumenical Patriarchate through the Perspectives of Pre-Modernity and Modernity”. Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies 9 (Aralık 2022), 11-38. https://doi.org/10.56679/balkar.1140254.
JAMA Iliadou-tachou S. The Greek-Orthodox Schools of the Ecumenical Patriarchate through the Perspectives of Pre-modernity and Modernity. BALKAR. 2022;:11–38.
MLA Iliadou-tachou, Sofia. “The Greek-Orthodox Schools of the Ecumenical Patriarchate through the Perspectives of Pre-Modernity and Modernity”. Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies, sy. 9, 2022, ss. 11-38, doi:10.56679/balkar.1140254.
Vancouver Iliadou-tachou S. The Greek-Orthodox Schools of the Ecumenical Patriarchate through the Perspectives of Pre-modernity and Modernity. BALKAR. 2022(9):11-38.