LOCAL MEETS GLOBAL in EARTH SYSTEM GOVERNANCE: COLLABORATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS and INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES in CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION and MITIGATION IN TURKEY

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 204 - 215, 31.12.2019

Gökhan Orhan

Öz

Climate change is a global environmental problem, a perfect example of
complex interdependence and requires novel approaches like earth system
governance. Although states are the major players in earth system governance and
responsible of dealing with climate change, some states may not be so keen on
committing themselves to this end. In parallel, non-state and sub-national actors like local governments, act independent
of their governments in committing themselves to emission reduction targets as
a part of global networks of local government initiatives against climate
change. This article analyses practices of some Turkish municipalities, which bypassed
the national level and developed relatively progressive policies on climate
change in collaboration with global networks of local governments. Although
there is a rising impact of sub-national players through municipal voluntarism and strategic urbanism, international actors also play a very crucial
role in facilitating policy change through providing news ideas and finances
for policy change.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Climate change, local governments, Turkey, International actors

Proje Numarası

BOP-18-İİBF-1009-081

Kaynakça

• Bulkeley, H. & Michele M. Betsill (2013) “Revisiting the Urban Politics of Climate Change” Environmental Politics, 22:1, 136 – 154.Bulkeley, H. & Michele M. Betsill (2005) “Rethinking Sustainable Cities: Multilevel Governance and the ‘Urban’ Politics of Climate Change” Environmental Politics, 14:1, 42 – 63.C40 Cities (2016) “Mayors, city networks and urban stakeholders worldwide call for an IPCC Special Report on Cities and Climate Change” http://www.c40.org/blog_posts/mayors-city-networks-and-urban-stakeholders-worldwide-call-for-an-ipcc-special-report-on-cities-and-climate-change Accessed May, 1 2016.Demir Enerji Danışmanlık (2012) İklim Değişikliği ve Yerel Yönetimler http://demirenerji.com.tr/?p=837 Accessed March 29, 2013.Denizbank (2008) “Financing of € 80 Million for Municipalities by the Cooperation of Agence Française de Développement and DenizBank” Press Release http://www.denizbank.com/en/about-us/_pdf/press-releases/281108_en.pdfESG Project (2019) About the Project available from “https://www.earthsystemgovernance.org/about-the-project/”IPCC (2014) ADP Technical Expert Meeting:Urban Environment Statement by Renate Christ Secretary of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Bonn 10 June 2014 https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/unfccc/sbsta40/140610_urban_environment_Christ.pdfIPCC (2014a) IPCC Working Group II Annal Report 5 Chapter 8 http://www.ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/WGIIAR5-Chap8_FGDall.pdf Accessed April, 15, 2015.Kern, K. and H. Bulkeley (2009) “Cities, Europeanization and Multi-level Governance: Governing Climate Change through Transnational Municipal Networks” JCMS 47: 2. 309–332.Orhan, G. (2013) “Yerel Yönetimler ve İklim Değişikliği” in Yakup Bulut et al. (eds.) Kuramdan Uygulamaya Yerel Yönetimler ve Kentsel Politikalar (Ankara: Pegem Akademi) pp. 601-616. (Local Governments and Climate Change)Orhan, G. (2014) Yerel Yönetimler ve Çevre (Bursa: Ekin) (Local Governments and Environment in Turkey) Şahin, Ü. (2015) Türkiye’nin İklim Politikalarında Aktör Haritası (İstanbul, IPM)TEB http://www.teb.com.tr/sme/afd-loans/The U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement http://www.usmayors.org/climateprotection/documents/mcpagreement.pdf Accessed: March 5, 2013.UN (1992) Earth Summit - Agenda 21: The UN Programme of Action from Rio. New York: UN Publications WCED (1987) Our Common Future. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Worland, J. (2015) “How Cities and States Took the Spotlight in Paris Climate Talks” Time http://time.com/4140172/paris-cities-states-climate-change/ (Accessed May, 1 2016)