ORMANCILIK ÜRETİM İŞLERİNDE ÇALIŞMA DURUŞLARININ İŞÇİ SAĞLIĞI AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Yıl 2016,
Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 47 - 56, 08.06.2016
Kenan Melemez
,
Hasan Kurban
,
Ali Naci Tankut
Öz
Orman işçileri gerek fiziksel çevre faktörleri gerekse
yaptıkları işten dolayı çeşitli yüklere maruz kalmaktadırlar. Çalışma
sırasındaki hatalı duruşlar kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarına sebep olmakta
ve işçilerin performanslarını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, motorlu
testere ile çalışan orman işçilerinin bölümlere ayırma çalışmaları sırasındaki
çalışma duruşları belirlenmiş ve bu duruş şekillerinin kas iskelet sistemi
rahatsızlıkları üzerindeki etkileri tespit edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, en fazla
oranda görülen iki farklı çalışma duruşu üzerinde ergonomik analizler
yapılmıştır. CATIA V5 programı ergonomik tasarım ve analiz modülü yardımı ile
işçilerin çalışma sırasındaki kol-üst vücut kaslarındaki yorulmalar
belirlenmiştir. Yine, biyomekanik eylem analizleri ile işçilerin çalışma
sırasında kas iskelet sistemi üzerinde maruz kaldığı yükler tespit edilmiştir.
Yapılan RULA analizleri sonucu en uygun ergonomik çalışma duruşu belirlenmiş,
analiz final puanı 7’den 3’e indirilmiştir. L4-L5 bel omuru disklerinde oluşan
basınç yüklemesi 176 N/m2’den 94 N/m2’ye (% 53,4) ve moment yüklemesi 3034
Nm’den 2011 Nm’ye (% 66,28) düşürülmüştür. Analiz sonuçlarına göre işçilerin
daha rahat ve güvenli bir şekilde çalışmaları için en uygun çalışma duruşu
belirlenmiş, uyarı ve öneriler sunulmuştur.
Kaynakça
- o
- Akay, D., Dağdeviren, M., Kurt, M. 2003. Çalışma Duruşlarının Ergonomik Analizi, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(3),73-84.
- Anas, A., Qutubuddin, S. M., Hebbal, S.S., Kumar, A. C. S. 2012. An Ergonomic Study of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among the Workers Working in Typical Indian Saw Mills. International Journal Of Engineering Research And Development, 3(9),38-45.
- Bovenzi, M. 1996. Low Back Pain Disorders and Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration in the Workplace. Seminars in Perinatology 20(1),38–53.
- Buckle, P. W., Devereux, J. J. 2002. The Nature of Work-Related Neck and Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders. Applied Ergonomics 33, 207-217.
- Calvo, A. 2007. Evaluation of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder Risk of Forestry Workers: A Case Study Using OWAS. 15. Arbeitswissenschaftliches Seminar (Seminar of Work Science), Wien / 5 -6. March. Calvo, A. 2009. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) Risks in Forestry: A Case Study to Suggest an Ergonomic Analysis. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 11(4),1-9.
- Chang S. W., Wang M. J. 2007. Digital Human Modeling and Workplace Evaluation: Using an Automobile Assembly Task as an Example. International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing and Service Industries, 17(5),445-455.
- Curtis, V. 1994. Women and the Transport of Water. London, IT Publications.
- Dockrell, S., O’Grady, E., Bennett, K., Mullarkey, C., Mc Connell, R., Ruddy, R., Twomey, S., Flannery, C. 2012. An Investigation of the Reliability of Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) as a Method of Assessment of Children’s Computing Posture, Applied Ergonomics, 43, 632-636.
- Dupuis, H. and Christ, W. 1966. Study of the Risk of Spinal Damage to Tractor Drivers. Report, Max Planck lnstitut für Landarbeiter, Landtech., Bad Kreuznach.
- Eroglu, H., Yılmaz, R., Hamit, C., Kayacan, Y. 2013. Artvin Yöresinde Odun Hammaddesi Üretim Ve Fidanlık-Ağaçlandırma İşçilerinin İzometrik Kuvvet Değerlerinin ve Vücut Kompozisyonlarının Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1),126-135.
- Eroglu, H., Yılmaz, R., Kayacan, Y. 2015. A Study on Determining the Physical Workload of the Forest Harvesting and Nursery-Afforestation Workers. Anthropologist, 21(1,2),168-181.
- Esen, H., Fığlalı, N. 2012. Çalışma Duruşu Analiz Yöntemleri ve Çalışma Duruşunun Kas İskelet Sistemi Rahatsızlıklarına Etkileri, SAÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(1),41-51.
- Gangopadhyay, S., Das, B., Das, T., Ghoshal, G. 2005. An Ergonomic Study on Posture-Related Discomfort Among Preadolescent Agricultural Workers of West Bengal, India, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 11(3),315-322.
- Guo, H. R., Chang, Y. C., Yeh, W. Y., Chen, C. W., Guo, Y. L. 2004. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorder Among Workers in Taiwan: A Nationwide Study, Journal of Occupational Health, 46,26-36.
- Güler, Ç. 2004. Sağlık Boyutuyla Ergonomi. Palme Yayıncılık, 711s.
- Hagen, K. B., Magnus, P., Vetlesen, K. 1998. Neck/Shoulder And Low-Back Disorders in the Forestry Industry: Relationship to Work Tasks and Perceived Psychophysical Job Stress. Ergonomics, 41(10),1510- 1518.
- Harstela, P. 1990. Work Postures and Strain of Workers in Nordic Forest Work: A Selective Review. Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 5(3),219-226.
- Hansson, J. E. 1990. Ergonomic Design of Large Forestry Machines, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 5(3),255-266. o
- Hanson, M. A., Burton, K., Kendall, N. A. S., Lancaster, R. J., Pilkington, A. 2006. The Costs and Benefits of Active Case Management and Rehabilitation for Musculoskeletal Disorders (RR 493). Health and Safety Executive Research Report.
- Hoy, J., Mubarak, N., Nelson, S., Sweerts de Landas, M., Magnusson, M., Okunribido, O., Pope, M. 2005. Whole Body Vibration and Posture as Risk Factors for Low Back Pain Among Forklift Truck Drivers, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 284, 933-946.
- Jo, C. and Christie, A. 2006. A Field Investigation of Physical Workloads Imposed on Harvesters in South African Forestry. Doctor of Philosophy Theisis, Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, Rhodes University.
- ILO 1991. Fitting the Job to the Forest Worker, ILO Puplications, 129 p.
- London, T., London, F., Grandjean, E. 1972. Ergonomics of the Home. Zürih.
- Magora, A. 1970. Investigation of the Relation Between Low Back Pain and Occupation. Industrial Medicine and Surgery, 39 (12),504-510.
- Marras, W. S., Lavender, S. A., Leurgans, S. E., Fathallah, F. A., Ferguson, S. A., Allread, W. G. and Rajula, S. L. 1995. Biomechanical Risk Factors for Occupationally Related Low Back Disorders. Ergonomics, 38 (2),377-410.
- Marras, W. S. 2000. Occupational Low Back Disorder Causation and Control. Ergonomics, 43 (7),880-902. Melemez, K., Tunay, M. 2010a. Determining Physical Workload of Chainsaw Operators Working in Forest Harvesting, Technology, 13(4),237-243.
- Melemez, K., Tunay, M. 2010b. Ormancılıkta Kullanılan Yükleme Makineleri Operatörlerinin Fizyolojik İş Yükünün Değerlendirilmesi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1),20-26.
- Melemez, K. and Tunay, M. 2011. Anthropometric Dimensions of Trkish Operators of Loading Tractors Used in Forestry and the Design of the Workplace. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa, and Latin Amerıca, 42(2),70-78.
- Melemez, K., Tunay, M., Çığ, F., Emir, T. 2012. Ormancılık Üretim İşlerinde Orman İşçilerinin Sağlık Muayenelerine İlişkin Örnek Olay İncelemesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(21),34-46.
- Melemez, K. 2015. Risk Factor Analysis of Fatal Forest Harvesting Accidents: A Case Study in Turkey. Safety Sciences, 79,369-378.
- Menemencioğlu, K. 2006. Ormancılıkta Üretim İşlerinde Çalışma Koşulları ve İş Kazaları Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(A),1-12.
- Menemencioğlu, K. 2012. Tarım ve Orman İşçiliğinde Çalışma Yeri Koşulları ve Karşılaşılan Sorunlar. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 5 (2),72-76.
- Rahman, M. L. 2014. Study and Analysis of Work Postures of Workers Working in a Ceramic Industry Through Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 5(3),14-20.
- Scott, P. A. (2009). Ergonomics in Developing Regions: Needs and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton London/New York, 453p.
- Tunay, M., Melemez, K. 2008. Noise Induced Hearing Loss of Forest Workers in Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11(17),2144-2148.
- URL-1 2016 http://www.iea.cc/whats/index.html (11/03/2016)
- URL-2 2016 http://www.eorthopod.com/lumbar-disc-herniation/topic/125(22/03/2016)
- URL-3 2016 http://www.sci-recovery.org/sci.htm (23/03/2016)
- URL-4 2016 http://www.medicana.com.tr/SaglikKutuphanesiDetay.aspx?skidID=66 (27/03/2016).
EVALUATION OF WORKING POSTURES IN TERMS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN FOREST HARVESTING OPERATIONS
Yıl 2016,
Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 47 - 56, 08.06.2016
Kenan Melemez
,
Hasan Kurban
,
Ali Naci Tankut
Öz
Forest workers are exposed to various loads due
to their jobs and physical environmental factors. Awkward postures lead to
musculoskeletal disorders (MSD’s) and negatively affect worker performance
during the operation. In this study, working postures of forest workers,
working with chainsaw bucking works were determined during the bucking works
and the effects of working postures on the MSD’s have been identified. In this
context, ergonomic analyses were conducted on the most frequently encountered
in two different working postures. Muscular fatigues in the arms and upper
limbs of workers have been identified using ergonomic design and analysis
module of CATIA V5 software. Also, the loads that the workers are exposed to on
their musculoskeletal system at the time of working were found with biomechanics
single action analysis. As a result of the RULA analysis carried out, the
optimum ergonomic working posture was identified and the final analysis score
was reduced from 7 to 3. Compression and moment loads on L4-L5 lumbar disc have
been reduced from 176N/m2 to 94N/m2 (53.4%) and from 3034Nm to 2011Nm (66.3%),
respectively. At the end of the study, the optimal working posture of workers
for more convenient and safe way to work was identified and suggestions were
presented.
Kaynakça
- o
- Akay, D., Dağdeviren, M., Kurt, M. 2003. Çalışma Duruşlarının Ergonomik Analizi, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(3),73-84.
- Anas, A., Qutubuddin, S. M., Hebbal, S.S., Kumar, A. C. S. 2012. An Ergonomic Study of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among the Workers Working in Typical Indian Saw Mills. International Journal Of Engineering Research And Development, 3(9),38-45.
- Bovenzi, M. 1996. Low Back Pain Disorders and Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration in the Workplace. Seminars in Perinatology 20(1),38–53.
- Buckle, P. W., Devereux, J. J. 2002. The Nature of Work-Related Neck and Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders. Applied Ergonomics 33, 207-217.
- Calvo, A. 2007. Evaluation of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder Risk of Forestry Workers: A Case Study Using OWAS. 15. Arbeitswissenschaftliches Seminar (Seminar of Work Science), Wien / 5 -6. March. Calvo, A. 2009. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) Risks in Forestry: A Case Study to Suggest an Ergonomic Analysis. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 11(4),1-9.
- Chang S. W., Wang M. J. 2007. Digital Human Modeling and Workplace Evaluation: Using an Automobile Assembly Task as an Example. International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing and Service Industries, 17(5),445-455.
- Curtis, V. 1994. Women and the Transport of Water. London, IT Publications.
- Dockrell, S., O’Grady, E., Bennett, K., Mullarkey, C., Mc Connell, R., Ruddy, R., Twomey, S., Flannery, C. 2012. An Investigation of the Reliability of Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) as a Method of Assessment of Children’s Computing Posture, Applied Ergonomics, 43, 632-636.
- Dupuis, H. and Christ, W. 1966. Study of the Risk of Spinal Damage to Tractor Drivers. Report, Max Planck lnstitut für Landarbeiter, Landtech., Bad Kreuznach.
- Eroglu, H., Yılmaz, R., Hamit, C., Kayacan, Y. 2013. Artvin Yöresinde Odun Hammaddesi Üretim Ve Fidanlık-Ağaçlandırma İşçilerinin İzometrik Kuvvet Değerlerinin ve Vücut Kompozisyonlarının Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1),126-135.
- Eroglu, H., Yılmaz, R., Kayacan, Y. 2015. A Study on Determining the Physical Workload of the Forest Harvesting and Nursery-Afforestation Workers. Anthropologist, 21(1,2),168-181.
- Esen, H., Fığlalı, N. 2012. Çalışma Duruşu Analiz Yöntemleri ve Çalışma Duruşunun Kas İskelet Sistemi Rahatsızlıklarına Etkileri, SAÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(1),41-51.
- Gangopadhyay, S., Das, B., Das, T., Ghoshal, G. 2005. An Ergonomic Study on Posture-Related Discomfort Among Preadolescent Agricultural Workers of West Bengal, India, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 11(3),315-322.
- Guo, H. R., Chang, Y. C., Yeh, W. Y., Chen, C. W., Guo, Y. L. 2004. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorder Among Workers in Taiwan: A Nationwide Study, Journal of Occupational Health, 46,26-36.
- Güler, Ç. 2004. Sağlık Boyutuyla Ergonomi. Palme Yayıncılık, 711s.
- Hagen, K. B., Magnus, P., Vetlesen, K. 1998. Neck/Shoulder And Low-Back Disorders in the Forestry Industry: Relationship to Work Tasks and Perceived Psychophysical Job Stress. Ergonomics, 41(10),1510- 1518.
- Harstela, P. 1990. Work Postures and Strain of Workers in Nordic Forest Work: A Selective Review. Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 5(3),219-226.
- Hansson, J. E. 1990. Ergonomic Design of Large Forestry Machines, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 5(3),255-266. o
- Hanson, M. A., Burton, K., Kendall, N. A. S., Lancaster, R. J., Pilkington, A. 2006. The Costs and Benefits of Active Case Management and Rehabilitation for Musculoskeletal Disorders (RR 493). Health and Safety Executive Research Report.
- Hoy, J., Mubarak, N., Nelson, S., Sweerts de Landas, M., Magnusson, M., Okunribido, O., Pope, M. 2005. Whole Body Vibration and Posture as Risk Factors for Low Back Pain Among Forklift Truck Drivers, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 284, 933-946.
- Jo, C. and Christie, A. 2006. A Field Investigation of Physical Workloads Imposed on Harvesters in South African Forestry. Doctor of Philosophy Theisis, Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, Rhodes University.
- ILO 1991. Fitting the Job to the Forest Worker, ILO Puplications, 129 p.
- London, T., London, F., Grandjean, E. 1972. Ergonomics of the Home. Zürih.
- Magora, A. 1970. Investigation of the Relation Between Low Back Pain and Occupation. Industrial Medicine and Surgery, 39 (12),504-510.
- Marras, W. S., Lavender, S. A., Leurgans, S. E., Fathallah, F. A., Ferguson, S. A., Allread, W. G. and Rajula, S. L. 1995. Biomechanical Risk Factors for Occupationally Related Low Back Disorders. Ergonomics, 38 (2),377-410.
- Marras, W. S. 2000. Occupational Low Back Disorder Causation and Control. Ergonomics, 43 (7),880-902. Melemez, K., Tunay, M. 2010a. Determining Physical Workload of Chainsaw Operators Working in Forest Harvesting, Technology, 13(4),237-243.
- Melemez, K., Tunay, M. 2010b. Ormancılıkta Kullanılan Yükleme Makineleri Operatörlerinin Fizyolojik İş Yükünün Değerlendirilmesi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1),20-26.
- Melemez, K. and Tunay, M. 2011. Anthropometric Dimensions of Trkish Operators of Loading Tractors Used in Forestry and the Design of the Workplace. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa, and Latin Amerıca, 42(2),70-78.
- Melemez, K., Tunay, M., Çığ, F., Emir, T. 2012. Ormancılık Üretim İşlerinde Orman İşçilerinin Sağlık Muayenelerine İlişkin Örnek Olay İncelemesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(21),34-46.
- Melemez, K. 2015. Risk Factor Analysis of Fatal Forest Harvesting Accidents: A Case Study in Turkey. Safety Sciences, 79,369-378.
- Menemencioğlu, K. 2006. Ormancılıkta Üretim İşlerinde Çalışma Koşulları ve İş Kazaları Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(A),1-12.
- Menemencioğlu, K. 2012. Tarım ve Orman İşçiliğinde Çalışma Yeri Koşulları ve Karşılaşılan Sorunlar. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 5 (2),72-76.
- Rahman, M. L. 2014. Study and Analysis of Work Postures of Workers Working in a Ceramic Industry Through Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 5(3),14-20.
- Scott, P. A. (2009). Ergonomics in Developing Regions: Needs and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton London/New York, 453p.
- Tunay, M., Melemez, K. 2008. Noise Induced Hearing Loss of Forest Workers in Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11(17),2144-2148.
- URL-1 2016 http://www.iea.cc/whats/index.html (11/03/2016)
- URL-2 2016 http://www.eorthopod.com/lumbar-disc-herniation/topic/125(22/03/2016)
- URL-3 2016 http://www.sci-recovery.org/sci.htm (23/03/2016)
- URL-4 2016 http://www.medicana.com.tr/SaglikKutuphanesiDetay.aspx?skidID=66 (27/03/2016).