THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN R&D EXPENDITURES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE CASE OF TURKEY (1990-2014)

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 1 - 17, 30.06.2017

Recep Tarı , Mustafa Mert Alabaş

Öz

The concept of growth has been debated since the emergence of economics. Along with globalization, changes in the determinants of economic growth have occured. Growth theories have begun to be popular after the 1980s, highlighted the growing role of technology and research and development. Today, research and development is one of the most important variables that show the level of technology and level of development of a country. To spend much more on expence of R&D leads to promote technological improvements, besides productivity and growth increase. In this study, the relationship between R&D expenditures and economic growth is analyzed with ARDL model for Turkish economy in the period 1990-2014. This is the aim of the study consist of four parts. The first chapter ‘’entrance’’ part consist of. In the second part, the studies in the literature and theoretical foundations of relationship between R&D and economic growth are discussed. ‘’Methodology and Terminology’’ in the third section, belongs to a part of the study methods and data applications are introduced; the fourth section presents the results of practice tests are given. As a result of the findings obtained, it was concluded that spending on R&D affects positively the economic growth in the short and long term. It is important for the Turkish Economy to increase the expence of R&D sistematically in the long term in order to achieve sustainability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

R&D Expenditures, Economic Growth, ARDL Bound Test.

Kaynakça

• Akıncı, M., and Sevinç, H.(2013). “Ar&Ge Harcamaları İle Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: 1990 – 2011 Türkiye Örneği”. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 27: 7-17.
• Altın, O., and Kaya, A.A. (2009). “Türkiye’de Ar-Ge Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensel İlişkinin Analizi”, Ege Akademik Bakış 9: 251-259.
• Bilbao O., and A.R.,Pose.(2004). “From R&D to Innovation and Economic Growth in the EU”, Growth and Change 35 :434-455.
• Brown, R.L., Durbin, J., and J.M., Evans.(1975). "Techniques for Testing the Constansy of Regression Relations over Time", Journal of Royal Statistical Society B37: 149-163.
• Cheng, L., and Dinopoulos, E.(1992). “Schumpeterian Growth and International Business Cycles”, The American Economic Review”, Papers and Proceedings of the Hundred and Fourth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association 82: 409-410.
• Eaton, J., and Kortum, S.(2006). “Innovation, Diffusion, and Trade”, NBER Working Paper Series 12385:1-31.
• Falk, Martin (2007). "R&D Spending in the High-Tech Sector and Economic Growth". Research in Economics 61:140-147.
• Ghosh, Madanmohan (2007). “R&D Policies and Endogenous Growth: A Dynamic General Equilibrium Analysis of the Case for Canada”. Review of Development Economics 11:187–203.
• Goel, R., Payne, J.E., and Ram, R.(2008). “R&D Expenditures and U.S. Economic Growth: A Disaggregated Approach”. Journal of Policy Modeling 30:237-250.
• Guellec, D., and Potterie, B.P.(2001). “R&D and Productivity Growth: Panel Data Analysis of 16 OECD Countries”. OECD Economic Studies 33:103-126.
• Gülmez, A., and Yardımcıoğlu, F.(2012). “Ülkelerinde Ar-Ge Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Eşbütünleşme ve Panel Nedensellik Analizi (1990-2010)”. Maliye Dergisi 163: 335-353.
• Granger, C.W.J., and Newbold P.(1974). “Spurious regressions in econometrics”. Journal of Econometrics 2: 111-120.
• Korkmaz, Suna (2010). “Türkiye’de Ar‐Ge Yatırımları Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Var Modeli İle Analizi”. Journal of Yasar University 20: 3320‐3330.
• Kwiatkowski, Denis (1992). “Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root”. Journal of Econometrics 54:159-178.
• Lichtenberg, Frank (1993). “R&D Investment and International Productivity Differences”. NBER Working Paper Series 4161:89-110. Ertürk, Mümin (2000). İşletme Biliminin Temel İlkeleri. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları
• Narayan, Paresh Kumar (2005). “The saving and investment nexus for China: evidence from cointegration tests”. Applied Economics 37: 1979-1990.
• Nazlıoğlu, S., Kayhan S., and Adıgüzel U.(2014). “Electricity consumption and economic growth in Turkey: Cointegration, linear and nonlinear Granger causality”. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy 9: 315-324.
• Pesaran, H., Shin Y., and Smith R.J.(2001). “Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationship”. Journal of Applied Econometrics 16: 289- 326.
• Saraç, Taha (2009). "Araştırma-Geliştirme Harcamalarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Erkisi: Panel Veri Analizi". EconAnadolu 2009: Anadolu International Conference in Economics,Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
• Sharifi, Renani (2008). “Demand for Money in Iran: An ARDL Approach”. MPRA 8224.
• Taban, Sami (2014). “Türkiye’de Ar-Ge Ve Ekonomik Büyüme”. AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 14:355-376.
• Ülkü, Hülya (2004). “R-D, Innovation, and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis”, IMF Working Paper 4:185.
• Yu-Ming, Wu (2007). “Co-integration and Causality between R&D Expenditure and Economic Growth in China: 1953-2004”. International Conference on Public Administration.