İşyerinde Kişi Uyumu ve İş Tatmini İlişkisi: Kişi-Örgüt Uyumu Açısından Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 20, 21.07.2023

Taner Atılmış , Oya İnci Bolat

Öz

İş dünyasında, küreselleşme ile birlikte rekabet her geçen gün artmaktadır. Örgütlerin diğer örgütlere kıyasla bir adım öne çıkmaları, kaynaklarını en etkin şekilde kullanmaları ile doğrudan orantılıdır. Örgütlerin rekabet üstünlüğü elde etmesine yardım edebilecek en önemli kaynaklarından biri de işgörenleridir. Bu kaynaktan etkin olarak yararlanabilmek için işgörenlerin örgüte uyumu ve işten tatmin olmaları önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle işyerinde kişi uyumu, kişi-örgüt uyumu ve iş tatmini açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra, çekim-seçim-ayrılma modeli ve iş özellikleri modeline değinilmiş ve yapılan çalışmalar ile bu iki model esas alınarak kişi-örgüt uyumu ve iş tatmini arasındaki pozitif ilişki açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Alanyazın incelenerek, kişi-örgüt uyumu ve iş tatmini ilişkisi görgül çalışmalarla desteklenmiştir. Sonuçta, örgütlerdeki uygulamalara ve daha sonra yapılacak çalışmalara ilişkin tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşyerinde Kişi Uyumu, İş Tatmini, Kişi-Örgüt Uyumu

Person Fit in The Workplace and Job Satisfaction Relation: An Assessment In Terms Of Person-Organization Fit

Öz

In the business world, competition is increasing day by day with globalization. The fact that organizations are one step ahead compared to other organizations is directly proportional to the most effective use of their resources. One of the most important resources that can help organizations gain competitive advantage is their employees. In order to benefit from this resource effectively, it is important for the employees to fit to the organization and be satisfied with the job. In this study, first of all, person fit in the workplace, person-organization fit and job satisfaction are explained. Afterwards, the attraction-selection-attrition model and the job characteristics model were mentioned and the meaningful and positive relationship between person-organization fit and job satisfaction has been tried to be explained based on these two models. By examining the literature, the relationship between person-organization fit and job satisfaction has been supported by empirical studies. As a result, recommendations were made regarding the practices in organizations and further studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Person Fit in The Workplace, Job Satisfaction, Person-Organization Fit

Kaynakça

• Aktaş, M. (2014). Moderating effect of idiocentrism and allocentrism on person-organization person-job fit and work attitudes relationship. Cross Cultural Management, 21(3), 290-305.
• Andela, M., & Doef, M. (2018). A Comprehensive Assessment of the Person–Environment Fit Dimensions and Their Relationships With Work-Related Outcomes. Journal of Career Development, 1-16.
• Aslan, H. (2019). Mediating Role of Person-Organization Fit in Person-Job Fit's Effect on Job Satisfaction . Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 3(2), 275-284.
• Atılmış, T. (2016). İşletmelerde Kontrol Odağı ve Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin İş Tatmini Üzerindeki Etkisi (Yüksek Lisasns Tezi, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
• Barrick , M., & Ryan, A. (2003). Personality and Work . San Francisco: A Wiley Imprint.
• Bolat, T. (2003). Personeli Güçlendirme: Davranışsal ve Bilişsel Boyutta İncelenmesi ve Benzer Yönetim Kavramları ile Karşılaştırılması. Balıkesir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(3-4), 199-219.
• Boon, C., Hartog, D., Boselie, P., & Paauwe, J. (2011). The relationship between perceptions of HR practices and employee outcomes: examining the role of person–organisation and person–job fit. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(1), 138-162.
• Burrow, J., Kleindl, B., & Ever, K. (2008). Business Principles and Management. Ohio: Thomson South-Western.
• Cable, D., & DeRue, D. (2002). The Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Subjective Fit Perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), 875-884.
• Cable, D., & Judge, T. (1996). Person–Organization Fit, Job Choice Decisions, and Organizational Entry. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 67(3), 294-311,.
• Cable, D., & Judge, T. (1997). Interviewers' Perceptions of Person-Organization Fit and Organizational Selection Decisions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(4), 546-561.
• Cable, D., & Parsons, C. (2001). Socialization Tactics and Person-Organization Fit. Personnel Psychology, 54, 1-23.
• Caplan, R. D. (1987). Person-Environment Fit Theory and Organizations: Commensurate Dimensions, Time Perspectives, and Mechanisms. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31, 248-267.
• Caplan, R. D., & Harrison, R. V. (1993). Person-Environment Fit Theory: Some History, Recent Developments, and Future Directions. Journal of Social Issues, 49(4), 253-275.
• Caprara, G. V., Schwartz:, Capanna, C., Vecchione, M., & Barbaranelli, C. (2006). Personality and Politics: Values, Traits, and Political Choice. Political Psychology, 27(1), 1-28.
• Caprara, G., Vecchione, M., & Schwartz: (2009). Mediational role of values in linking personality traits to political orientation. Asian Journal of Social Psychology , 12, 82-94.
• Chatman, J. (1989). Improving Interactional Organizational Research: A Model of Person-Organization Fit. The Academy of Management Review, 14(3), 333-349.
• Cheser, R. (1998). The effect of Japanese kaizen on employee motivation in U.S. manufacturing. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 6(3), 197-217.
• Daft , R., & Marcic, D. (2009). Understanding Management. Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning.
• Dalal, R. (2012). Job Attitudes: Cognition and Affect. I. Weiner, N. Schmitt, & S. Highhouse içinde, Handbook of Psychology, Volume 12: Industrial and Organizational Psychology (s. 816). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Dawis, R. V., & Lofquist, L. H. (1976). Personality Style and the Process of Work Adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology , 1, 55-59.
• Dawis, R. V., & Lofquist, L. H. (1978). A Note on the Dynamics of Work Adjustment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 12, 76-79.
• Dawis, R., & Lofquist, L. (1981). Job satisfaction and work adjustment: implications for vocational education. Ohio: National Center for Research in Vocational Education.
• Dawis, R., England, G., & Lofquist, L. (1964). A Theory of Work Adjustment. Minneapolis: Minnesota Studies in Vocational Rehabilitation.
• Dawis, R., Lofquist, L., & Weiss, D. (1968). A theory of Work Adjustment (A Revision). Minnesota Studies in Vocational Rehabilitation, 23.
• Dhir, Dutta, T., & Ghosh, P. (2020). Linking employee loyalty with job satisfaction using with job satisfaction using. Personnel Review, 49(8), 1695-1711.
• Edwards, J. R. (1996). An Examination of Competing Versions of the Person-Environment Fit Approach to Stress. The Academy of Management Journal, 39(2), 292-339.
• Edwards, J. R. (2008). Person–Environment Fit in Organizations: An Assessment of Theoretical Progress. The Academy of Management Annals, 2(1), 167–230.
• Edwards, J. R., Cable, D. M., Williamson, I. O., Lambert, L. S., & Shipp, A. J. (2006). The Phenomenology of Fit: Linking the Person and Environment to the Subjective Experience of Person–Environment Fit. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 802-827.
• Eryılmaz, İ. (2019). Örgüt Kültürü ve İş Tatmini Arasındaki İlişkide Sektörel Değişkenlerin Rolü: Kamu ve Özel Sektör Havacılık Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Journal of Aviation Research, 1(1), 24-41.
• George, J., & Jones, G. (2012). Understanding and Managing Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
• Greguras, G. J., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2009). Different Fits Satisfy Different Needs: Linking Person-Environment Fit to Employee Commitment and Performance Using Self-Determination Theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(2), 465-477.
• Gul, H., Usman, M., Liu, Y., Rehman, Z., & Jebran, K. (2018). Does the effect of power distance moderate the relation between person environment fit and job satisfaction leading to job performance? Evidence from Afghanistan and Pakistan. Future Business Journal, 4, 68-83.
• Hackman, J., & Lawler, E. (1971). Employee reactions to job characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55(3), 259-286.
• Hackman, J., & Oldham, G. (1974). The Job Diagnostic Survey: An Instrument for the Diagnosis of Jobs and the Evaluation of Job Redesign Projects. Technical Report No. 4 Department of Administrative Sciences, 1-87.
• Hackman, J., & Oldham, G. (1975). Development of the Job Diagnostic Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159-170.
• Hackman, J., & Oldham, G. (1976). Motivation through the Design of Work: Test of a Theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, 250-279.
• Hackman, J., & Oldham, G. (1980). Work Redesign. California: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
• Hackman, J., Oldham, G., Janson, R., & Purdy, K. (1975). A New Strategy for Job Enrichment. California Management Review, 17(4), 57-71.
• Hamid: N., & Yahya, K. K. (2011). Relationship between personjob fit and person-organization fit on employees’ work engagement: a study among engineers in semiconductor companies in Malaysia. Annual Conference on Innovations in Business & Management, 1-30.
• Hoppock, R. (1935). Job Satisfaction. New York: Harper and Brothers. Icheme, M., Ezenwakwelu, C., & Owuze , C. (2017). Personnel Selection and Person-Organization, Job-Fit, Implication for Employees’ Performance in Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 5(1), 7361-7369.
• Iplik, F. N., Kilic, K. C., & Yalcin, A. (2011). The simultaneous effects of person-organization and person-job fit on Turkish hotel managers. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 23(5), 644-661.
• Jansen, K. J., & Kristof-Brown, A. (2006). Toward a Multidimensional Theory of Person- Environment Fit . Journal of Managerial Issues, 18(2), 193-212.
• Jin, X., & Hahm: (2019). The Way to Improve Employees' Job Satisfaction in Korean Social The Way to Improve Employees' Job Satisfaction in Korean Social Person-Job Fit, and Person-Supervisor Fit. International Journal of Financial Research, 10(5), 347-358.
• Judge, T., & Ferris, G. (1992). The Elusive Criterion of Fit in Human Resources Staffing Decisions. Human Resource Planning, 15(4), 47-67.
• Judge, T., & Klinger, R. (2008). Job Satisfaction Subjective Well-Being at Work. M. Eid, & R. Larsen içinde, The science of subjective well-being (s. 560). Guilford.
• Judge, T., Hulin, C., & Dalal, R. (2012). Job Satisfaction and Job Affect. The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Psychology, 1, 1-53.
• Kam, A., & Seymen, O. (2019). Örgüt Kültürü ve Örgütsel Özdeşleşme İlişkisinde X ve Y Kuşağı İşgören Özelliklerini Etkisi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 1-26.
• Kılıç, K., & Yener, D. (2015). Birey-Örgüt ve Birey-İş Uyumunun Çalışanların İş Tutumlarına Etkisi: Adana İlinde Bankacılık Sektöründe Çalışanlar Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(1), 161-174.
• Kristof, A. L. (1996). Person‐organization fit: An integrative review of its conceptualizations, measurement, and implications. Personnel Psychology, 1-49.
• Kristof-Brown, A. L. (2007). Person–Organization Fit. S. Rogelberg içinde, Encyclopedia of industrial and organizational psychology (s. 615-621). California: SAGE Publications.
• Kristof-Brown, A., Barrick, M., & Stevens, C. K. (2005). When Opposites Attract: A Multi-Sample Demonstration of Complementary Person-Team Fit on Extraversion. Journal of Personality, 73(4) 935-57.
• Kristof-Brown, A., Jansen, K., & Colbert, A. (2002). A Policy-Capturing Study of the Simultaneous Effects of Fit With Jobs, Groups, and Organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), 985-993.
• Kristof-Brown, A., Zimmerman, R., & Johnson, E. (2005). Consequences of Individual's Fit at Work: A Meta-Analysis of Person-Job, Person-Organization, Person-Group, and Person-Supervisor Fit. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 281-342.
• Langton, N., Robbins:, & Judge, T. (2015). Organizational Behaviour Concepts, Controversies, Applications. Toronto: Pearson.
• Lauver, K., & Kristof-Brown, A. (2001). Distinguishing between Employees’ Perceptions of Person–Job and Person–Organization Fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59, 454-470.
• Lewin, K. (1935). A Dynamic Theory of Personality. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Locke, E. (1969). What is Job Satisfaction? Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4, 309-336.
• Locke, E., & Latham, G. (1990). Work Motivation and Satisfaction: Light at the End of the Tunnel. American Psychological Society, 1(4), 240-246.
• Loher , B., Moeller, N., Fitzgerald, M., & Noe, R. (1985). A Meta-Analysis of the Relation of Job Characteristics to Job Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70(2), 280-289.
• Luthans, F. (2011). Organizational Behavior An Evidence-Based Approach . New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Muchinsky, P. M., & Monahan, C. J. (1987). What Is Person-Environment Congruence? Supplementary versus Complementary Models of Fit . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 31, 268-277.
• Mullins, L. (2010). Management & Organisational Behavior. Essex: Pearson Education Limited.
• O'Reilly, C., Chatman, J., & Caldwell, D. (1991). People and Organizational Culture: A Profile Comparison Approach to Assessing Person-Organization Fit. The Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487-516.
• Özpehlivan, M. (2018). İş Tatmini: Kavramsal Gelişimi, Bireysel ve Örgütsel Etkileri, Yararları ve Souçları . Kırklareli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 43-70.
• Pervin, L. A. (1968). Performance and satisfaction as a function of individual-environment fit. Psychological Bulletin, 69, 56-68.
• Rahmadani, V. G., & Sebayang, I. R. (2017). The Influence of Person-Organization Fit and Person-Job Fit on Work Engagement among Policemen in Sumatera Utara. International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration, 4(1), 45-51.
• Robbins:, & Judge, T. (2013). Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
• Robbins:, & Judge, T. (2017). Organizational Behavior. Essex: Pearson.
• Rounds, J., Dawis, R., & Lofquist, L. (1987). Measurement of Person-Environment Fit and Prediction of Satisfaction in the Theory of Work Adjustment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31, 297-318.
• Schneider, B. (1987). The People Make the Place. Personnel Psychology, 40(3), 437-453.
• Schneider, B. (2001). Fits About Fit. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 50(1), 141-152.
• Schwartz: (1992). Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1-65.
• Sekiguchi, T. (2004). Person-Organization Fit and Person-Job Fit in Employee Selection: A Review of the Literature. Osaka Keidai Ronshu, 54(6), 179-196.
• Spector, P. (1985). Measurement of Human Service Staff Satisfaction: Development of the Job Satisfaction Survey. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13(6), 693-713.
• TDK. (2020, 03 08). Uyum. https://sozluk.gov.tr adresinden alınmıştır
• Ulutaş, M., Kalkan, A., & Çetinkaya Bozkurt, Ö. (2011). The Effect of person-Organization Fit on Job Stress and Conflict: An Application on Employees of Businesses in Dalaman International Airport. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 3(1), 281-291.
• Uysal Irak, D. (2012). İşyerinde Birey-Çevre Uyumu: Kuramsal Yaklaşımlar ve Örgütsel Psikolojideki Yeri. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 15 (30), 12-22.
• van Vianen, A. (2000). Person-organization fit: The match between newcomers' and recruiters' preferences for organizational cultures. Personnel Psychology, 53(1), 113-149.
• van Vianen, A. (2018). Person–Environment Fit: A Review of Its Basic Tenets. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior , 5, 75-101.
• van Vianen, A., Shen, C.-T., & Chuang, A. (2011). Person–organization and person–supervisor fits: Employee commitments in a Chinese context. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(6), 906-926.
• Verquer, M., Beehr, T., & Wagner: (2003). A meta-analysis of relations between person–organization fit and work attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 473-489.
• Zhu, Y. (2013). A Review of Job Satisfaction. Asian Social Science, 9(1); 293-298.