Quality Adjusted Human Capital Index 1976-2013

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 13 - 49, 27.12.2016

Devran Şanlı

https://doi.org/10.25229/beta.263942

Cited By: 4

Öz

The human capital variable is considered primary source of economic growth in the literature of endogenous growth models and it is supported by several empirical researches. In these studies the human capital variable is incorporated to the model as quantity and quality while quality is measured by the average years of education. This study aims at simply calculating the human capital quality from a wider perspective. Therefore, a data set including 80 countries duration of 1976-2013 and two indices from this data set are formed. Ten variables are chosen which are considered to be related with human capital quality and in order to make them independent from unit they all are standardized. In order to receive better results oil rich countries are excluded from the data set. The first index is calculated by principal components analysis and the second index calculated by arithmetic mean method. The findings obtained from indices supports the each other. The net result of the observed period, it has been provided serious increases human capital quality in countries such as South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, China, Thailand, Malaysia and Mexico. For instance, in 1976 South Korea was ranked 22th in the index, however, in 2013 she placed in the first; Singapore increased from 23th to 12th and China increased from 71th to 29th. When it comes to developed countries, it can be conferred that all these countries stabled within the first 20 and except for minor changes they did not show any radical increase or decrease througout the period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Growth, Human Capital, Principal Components Analysis

Nitelik Uyarlanmış Beşeri Sermaye Endeksi 1976-2013

Öz

İçsel büyüme modelleri literatüründe beşeri sermaye
değişkeni ekonomik büyümenin temel kaynağı olarak gösterilmekte ve bu durum
birçok ampirik çalışma ile desteklenmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarda beşeri
sermaye değişkeni ele alınırken miktar ve kalite olarak modele dahil edilmiş,
kalite yönü ise genellikle ortalama eğitim yılı olarak ölçülmüştür. Bu
çalışmanın yapılmasındaki amaç ise beşeri sermaye kalitesini daha kapsamlı bir
biçimde hesaplama çabasından ibarettir. Bu çerçeve içerisinde 1976-2013
yıllarını ve 80 ülkeyi kapsayan panel veri seti ve bu veri setinden iki farklı
endeks oluşturulmuştur. Beşeri sermaye kalitesi ile ilintili olduğu düşünülen
on farklı değişken seçilmiştir ve değişkenleri birimlerinden bağımsız hale
getirebilmek amacıyla her değişken standardize edilmiştir. Daha sağlıklı
sonuçlar alabilmek için veri setine petrol zengini ülkeler dahil edilmemiştir.
Bu endekslerden ilki temel bileşenler analizi metoduyla diğeri ise ağırlıklı
aritmetik ortalama metoduyla hesaplanmıştır. Endekslerden elde edilen bulgular
birbirini destekler niteliktedir. Gözlemlenen en net sonuç söz konusu dönemde
Güney Kore, Hong Kong, Singapur, Çin, Tayland, Malezya, Meksika gibi ülkelerde
beşeri sermaye kalitesinde ciddi artışlar söz konusudur. Örneğin 1976 yılında
Güney Kore endekste 22. sırada yer alırken, 2013 yılında 1.sıraya, Singapur 23.
Sıradan 12. sıraya Çin ise 71.sıradan 29. sıraya yükselmektedir. Gelişmiş ülke
sıralamalarına baktığımızda söz konusu ülkelerin daima ilk 20 arasında yer
aldığı kendi aralarında küçük değişiklikler haricinde büyük bir sıçrama veya
düşmenin söz konusu olmadığı görülmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Büyüme, Beşeri Sermaye, Temel Bileşenler Analizi

Kaynakça

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