Unraveling the Nexus of Industrialization, Human Development, Democracy, Trade Openness, and Renewable Energy in EU Environmental Degradation

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 927 - 952, 31.10.2024

Özge Erdölek Kozal

https://doi.org/10.25229/beta.1506505

Öz

This study aims to unveil the effects of industrialization, human development, compliance with the rule of law, and renewable energy on CO2 emissions and the ecological footprint of consumption in EU countries over the 1990-2022 period. The empirical findings, based on the MMQR analysis, reveal that the magnitudes of coefficients between factors affecting CO2 emissions and the ecological footprint vary. Industrialization and human development are the main contributors to environmental degradation, while renewable energy use consistently mitigates environmental degradation across all quantiles. Trade openness also mitigates CO2 emissions in all quantiles with a diminishing trend, but the same correlation is only observed in the lowest quantile for the model with ecological footprint. Compliance with the rule of law has a statistically insignificant effect on the ecological footprint; however, in the lowest quantile of CO2 (0.1), the rule of law exacerbates CO2 emissions, whereas in the highest quantile, it has a mitigating effect. While industrialization and human development contribute to both dimensions of environmental degradation, the different impacts of trade openness and the compliance with the rule of law underscore the need for specific strategies in designing policies to mitigate CO2 and ecological footprints from a policy perspective.

Anahtar Kelimeler

CO2 Emissions, Industrialization, Human Development, Democracy, Panel Data Analysis

Etik Beyan

There is no conflict of interest.

Destekleyen Kurum

There is no supporting institution.

Sanayileşme, İnsani Gelişme, Demokrasi, Ticari Açıklık ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Bağlamında Avrupa Birliği’nde Çevresel Bozulma

Öz

Bu çalışma, 1990-2022 döneminde AB ülkelerinde sanayileşme, insani gelişme, hukukun üstünlüğüne uyum ve yenilenebilir enerjinin kişi başına CO2 emisyonu ve ekolojik ayak izine etkilerini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Momentler Kantil Regresyon analizine dayanan ampirik bulgulara göre sanayileşme ve insani gelişme çevresel bozulmayı arttıran başlıca unsurlar olurken, yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı tüm kantil düzeylerinde çevresel bozulmayı tutarlı bir şekilde azaltmaktadır. Ticari açıklık da azalan bir eğilimle tüm kantillerde karbon emisyonlarını azaltmaktadır, ancak aynı korelasyon ekolojik ayak izi modeli için sadece en düşük kantilde (0.1) gözlenmektedir. Hukukun üstünlüğüne uyum ile ekolojik ayak izi arasındaki korelasyon istatistiksel olarak anlamsızdır; ancak, karbon salınımının en düşük kantilinde (0.1), hukukun üstünlüğü karbon emisyonlarını arttırırken, en yüksek kantilde çevresel bozulmayı hafifletmektedir. Sanayileşme ve insani kalkınma çevresel bozulmanın her iki boyutuna da katkıda bulunurken, ticari açıklık ve hukukun üstünlüğüne uyumun farklı etkiler göstermesi, politika üretme perspektifinden bakıldığında, CO2 ve ekolojik ayak izi azaltım politikaları tasarlanırken, spesifik stratejilerin gerekliliğinin altını çizmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ekolojik Ayak İzi, Karbon Emisyonu, Sanayileşme, İnsani Gelişme, Demokrasi, Panel Veri Analizi

Kaynakça

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