Enjeksiyon Korkusu, Aşı Tutumu Ve Aşı Tereddütü Arasındaki İlişki: Türk Aşısı "Turkovac" Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 70 - 78, 30.10.2024
Mehmet Emin Yaşar
,
Fuat Yalman
Öz
Bu araştırma, kan-enjeksiyon-yaralanma korkusu, COVID-19 Turkovac aşısına karşı tutum ve Turkovac aşısına karşı tereddüt arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma toplum üzerinde yapılmış kesitsel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın evreni Sakarya il merkezindeki bir aile hekimliği birimine başvuran 18 yaş üzeri hasta ve hasta yakınlarından oluşmaktadır. Araştırma verileri yüz yüze anket tekniği ile 574 kişi üzerinden elde edilmiştir. Veriler IBM SPSS23 ve AMOS paket programları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, katılımcıların büyük bölümünün enjeksiyon korkusu seviyelerinin düşük, Turkovac aşısına yönelik tutumlarının ve tereddüt durumlarının kısmen yüksek olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca araştırmanın ampirik sonucu, enjeksiyon korkusu ile Turkovac aşı tutumu arasında ve enjeksiyon korkusu ile Turkovac aşı tereddütü arasında düşük düzeyde bir negatif korelasyonun olduğunu; Turkovac aşı tutumu ile Turkovac aşı tereddütü arasında ise yüksek düzeyde pozitif bir korelasyonun olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Kaynakça
- Aggarwal, A. (2019). Childhood vaccine refusal and hesitancy–reasons. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 86:5-6.
- Agras, S. W., Sylvester, D. & Oliveau, D. (1969). The epidemiology of common fears and phobia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 10(2), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-440X(69)90022-4.
- Argüt N. (2019). 12-60 ay arası çocuğu olan ailelerin aşılar hakkındaki bilgi, tutum ve uygulamalarının incelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aile Sağlığı ABD Ana-Çocuk Sağlığı Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
- Arıcan, M. D. (2019). Sağlık çalışanları arasında aşılanmaya genel bakış, aşı kabulü ve reddini etkileyen faktörler. 4. Uluslararası Sağlık Bilimleri ve Aile Hekimliği Kongresi, 7-9 Şubat 2019, İzmir.
- Bozkurt, H.B. (2018). Aşı reddine genel bir bakış ve literatürün gözden geçirilmesi. Kafkas Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 71.
- Brown, A. L., Sperandio, M., Turssi, C. P., Leite, R., Berton, V. F., Succi, R. M., & Napimoga, M. H. (2018). Vaccine confidence and hesitancy in Brazil. Cadernos de saúde pública, 34, e00011618.
- Campbell H, Edwards A, Letley L, Bedford H, Ramsay M, & Yarwood J. (2017). Changing attitudess to childhood immunisation in English parents. Vaccine. 19 Mayıs 2017;35(22):2979-85.
- Chapman, L. K., & DeLapp, R. C. (2014). Nine session treatment of a blood–injection–injury phobia with manualized cognitive behavioral therapy: An adult case example. Clinical Case Studies, 13(4), 299-312. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534650113509304
- Dasgupta P, Bhattacherjee S, Mukherjee A, & Dasgupta S. (2018). Vaccine hesitancy for childhood vaccinations in slum areas of Siliguri, India. Indian J Public Health., 62(4):253-8.
- Dubé E, Laberge C, Guay M, Bramadat P, Roy R, Bettinger J. (2013). Vaccine hesitancy: An overview. Hum Vaccin Immunother, 9, 1763–1773.
- Dubé, E., Gagnon, D., Ouakki, M. et al. (2016). Understanding vaccine hesitancy in Canada: Results of a consultation study by the Canadian Immunization Research Network. PloS one, 11:e0156118.
- Freeman D, Lambe S, Yu L-M, et al. (2021). Injection fears and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Psychol Med. Published online 2021:1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291721002609
- Freeman, D., Lambe, S., Yu, L-M., Freeman, J., Chadwick, A., Vaccari, C., Waite, F., & Rosebrock, L. (2021). Injection fears and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Psychological Medicine 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721002609.
- Gentile A, Pacchiotti AC, Giglio N, Nolte MF, Talamona N, & Rogers V. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy in Argentina: Validation of WHO scale for parents. Vaccine. 30 Temmuz 2021;39(33):4611-9.
- Giambi C, Fabiani M, D’Ancona F, Ferrara L, Fiacchini D, & Gallo T. (2018). Parental vaccine hesitancy in Italy – Results from a national survey. Vaccine. 01 Şubat 2018;36(6):779-87.
- Gür E. (2019). Vaccine hesitancy - vaccine refusal. Turk pediatri arsivi, 54(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2019.79990
- Hamilton, J. G. (1995). Needle phobia: A neglected diagnosis. The Journal of Family Practice, 41(2), 169–175.
- Hausman, B. L., Ghebremichael, M., Hayek, P., & Mack, E. (2014). 'Poisonous, filthy, loathsome, damnable stuff': the rhetorical ecology of vaccination concern. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 87(4), 403–416.
- Healthy People (2020). http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/immunization-and-infectious-diseases Erişim Tarihi: 09.08. 2024.
- Karagöz, Y. (2021). SPSS-AMOS-META uygulamalı nicel-nitel karma bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve yayın etiği. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti. E-ISBN: 978-625-402-278-4. Ankara.
- Khaliq, A., Sayed, S. A., Hussaini, S. A., Azam, K., & Qamar, M. (2017). Missed immunization opportunities among children under 5 years of age dwelling In Karachi city. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad: JAMC, 29(4), 645.
- Larson, H.J., Jarrett, C., Schulz, W.S. et al. (2015). Measuring vaccine hesitancy: the development of a survey tool. Vaccine, 33:4165-75.
- Luyten, J., Bruyneel, L., & van Hoek, A. J. (2019). Assessing vaccine hesitancy in the UK population using a generalized vaccine hesitancy survey instrument. Vaccine, 37(18), 2494–2501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.03.041
- Marks, I. (1988). Blood-injury phobia: a review. The American journal of psychiatry, 145(10), 1207-1213. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.10.1207
- Mohd Azizi, F. S., Kew, Y., & Moy, F. M. (2017). Vaccine hesitancy among parents in a multi-ethnic country, Malaysia. Vaccine, 35(22), 2955–2961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.010
- Mutlu M. (2021). Çocukluk çağı aşıları hakkında ebeveynlerin tutumları ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması (Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Aile Hekimliği ABD, Erzurum.
National Foundation for Infectious Diseases. Adult Vaccination Saves Lives. (2012). Erişim: www.adultvaccination.org/resources/ctaadult.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 15.08.2024.
- Nichter, M. (1995). Vaccinations in the third world: A consideration of community demand. Social Science and Medicine, 41(5), 617-632.
- O'neill, O. (2002). Autonomy and trust in bioethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Repalust A, Šević S, Rihtar S, Štulhofer A. (2017). Childhood vaccine refusal and hesitancy intentions in Croatia: insights from a population-based study. Psychol Health Med. 22(9):1045-1055. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2016.1263756.
Report of the SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy 2014 [İnternet]. Erişim adresi:https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2014/october/1_Report_WORKING_GROUP_vaccine_hesitancy_final.pdf Erişim tarihi:12.10.2022.
- Roalkvam, S., McNeill, D. & Blume, S. (Eds.). (2013). Protecting the world's children: Immunisation policies and practices. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Rozbroj, T., Lyons, A., & Lucke, J. (2019). Psychosocial and demographic characteristics relating to vaccine attitudess in Australia. Patient education and counseling, 102(1), 172–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2018.08.027
- Shapiro, G.K., Tatar, O., Dube, E., Amsel, R., Knauper, B., Naz, A., … Rosberger, Z. (2018). The vaccine hesitancy scale: psychometric properties and validation. Vaccine, 36, 660–667.
- Shekhar, R., Sheikh, A.B., Upadhyay, S., Singh, M., Kottewar, S., Mir, H., Barrett, E., & Pal, S. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health care workers in the United States. Vaccines, 9, 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020119
- Smith PJ, Humiston SG, Marcuse EK, Zhao Z, Dorell CG, Howes C, & Hibbs B. (2011). Parental delay or refusal of vaccine doses, childhood vaccination coverage at 24 months of age, and the Health Belief Model; Public Health Rep., 126 Suppl 2:135-46.
- UNICEF (1996). Vaccines bring 7 diseases under control. Erişim tarihi: 21 Eylül 2022. https://www.unicef.org/pon96/hevaccin.htm
Vaccine hesitancy determining the scale of the challenge (2016). Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/immunization/research/forums_and_initiatives/2_SGoldstein_VH_Determining_Scale_challenge_gvirf16.pdf?ua=1 Erişim Tarihi: 20.08.2024.
- Ward, J.K., Peretti-Watel, P., & Verger, P. (2016). Vaccine criticism on the internet: propositions for future research. Hum Vaccin Immunother, 12:1924-9.
- Wardenaar, K.J., Carmen C.W. Lim, Ali O. Al-Hamzawi, et al. (2017). The cross-national epidemiology of specific phobia in the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med. 2017;47(10):1744-1760. doi:10.1017/S0033291717000174
- World Health Organization (2009). World Bank State of the World’s Vaccines and İmmunization, 3rd Ed. Geneva, World Health Organization.
- World Health Organization (2014). Report of the SAGE Working Group on vaccine hesitancy, 1.10.2014, Erişim Tarihi 22 Mayıs 2018, www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2014/october/1_Report_WORKING_GROUP_vaccine_hesitancy_final.pdf.
- World Health Organization Media Center. (2017). 1 in 10 infants worldwide did not receive any vaccinations in 2016. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacenter/news/releases/2017/infants-worldwidevaccinations/en.
- Wright, S., Yelland, M., Heathcote, K. & Wright, G. (2009). Fear of needles—Nature and prevalence in general practice. Australian Family Physician. 38(3), 172–176. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.771566427388173
The Relationship Between Fear Of Injection, Vaccine Attitude, and Vaccine Hesitance: A Study On The Turkish Vaccine "Turkovac"
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 70 - 78, 30.10.2024
Mehmet Emin Yaşar
,
Fuat Yalman
Öz
This study aims to examine the relationship between blood-injection-injury phobia, attitudes towards COVID-19 Turkovac vaccine and hesitation regarding Turkovac vaccine. The study is a cross-sectional study conducted in the population. The research population consists of patients who applied to a family medicine clinic in the city center of Sakarya and their family members over the age of 18. The research data was collected from 574 participants through a face-to-face survey technique. IBM SPSS and AMOS programmes were used to analyse the data. The conclusions of the showed that the majority of participants had a low fear of injections and their attitudes and hesitancy towards the Turkovac vaccine was partially high. Furthermore, the empirical results of the study indicated that there was a strong positive correlation between attitudes towards Turkovac and hesitancy towards Turkovac vaccine, and a low negative correlation between injection fear and attitudes and hesitancy towards Turcovac vaccine.
Kaynakça
- Aggarwal, A. (2019). Childhood vaccine refusal and hesitancy–reasons. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 86:5-6.
- Agras, S. W., Sylvester, D. & Oliveau, D. (1969). The epidemiology of common fears and phobia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 10(2), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-440X(69)90022-4.
- Argüt N. (2019). 12-60 ay arası çocuğu olan ailelerin aşılar hakkındaki bilgi, tutum ve uygulamalarının incelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aile Sağlığı ABD Ana-Çocuk Sağlığı Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
- Arıcan, M. D. (2019). Sağlık çalışanları arasında aşılanmaya genel bakış, aşı kabulü ve reddini etkileyen faktörler. 4. Uluslararası Sağlık Bilimleri ve Aile Hekimliği Kongresi, 7-9 Şubat 2019, İzmir.
- Bozkurt, H.B. (2018). Aşı reddine genel bir bakış ve literatürün gözden geçirilmesi. Kafkas Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 71.
- Brown, A. L., Sperandio, M., Turssi, C. P., Leite, R., Berton, V. F., Succi, R. M., & Napimoga, M. H. (2018). Vaccine confidence and hesitancy in Brazil. Cadernos de saúde pública, 34, e00011618.
- Campbell H, Edwards A, Letley L, Bedford H, Ramsay M, & Yarwood J. (2017). Changing attitudess to childhood immunisation in English parents. Vaccine. 19 Mayıs 2017;35(22):2979-85.
- Chapman, L. K., & DeLapp, R. C. (2014). Nine session treatment of a blood–injection–injury phobia with manualized cognitive behavioral therapy: An adult case example. Clinical Case Studies, 13(4), 299-312. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534650113509304
- Dasgupta P, Bhattacherjee S, Mukherjee A, & Dasgupta S. (2018). Vaccine hesitancy for childhood vaccinations in slum areas of Siliguri, India. Indian J Public Health., 62(4):253-8.
- Dubé E, Laberge C, Guay M, Bramadat P, Roy R, Bettinger J. (2013). Vaccine hesitancy: An overview. Hum Vaccin Immunother, 9, 1763–1773.
- Dubé, E., Gagnon, D., Ouakki, M. et al. (2016). Understanding vaccine hesitancy in Canada: Results of a consultation study by the Canadian Immunization Research Network. PloS one, 11:e0156118.
- Freeman D, Lambe S, Yu L-M, et al. (2021). Injection fears and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Psychol Med. Published online 2021:1-11. doi:10.1017/S0033291721002609
- Freeman, D., Lambe, S., Yu, L-M., Freeman, J., Chadwick, A., Vaccari, C., Waite, F., & Rosebrock, L. (2021). Injection fears and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Psychological Medicine 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721002609.
- Gentile A, Pacchiotti AC, Giglio N, Nolte MF, Talamona N, & Rogers V. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy in Argentina: Validation of WHO scale for parents. Vaccine. 30 Temmuz 2021;39(33):4611-9.
- Giambi C, Fabiani M, D’Ancona F, Ferrara L, Fiacchini D, & Gallo T. (2018). Parental vaccine hesitancy in Italy – Results from a national survey. Vaccine. 01 Şubat 2018;36(6):779-87.
- Gür E. (2019). Vaccine hesitancy - vaccine refusal. Turk pediatri arsivi, 54(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2019.79990
- Hamilton, J. G. (1995). Needle phobia: A neglected diagnosis. The Journal of Family Practice, 41(2), 169–175.
- Hausman, B. L., Ghebremichael, M., Hayek, P., & Mack, E. (2014). 'Poisonous, filthy, loathsome, damnable stuff': the rhetorical ecology of vaccination concern. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 87(4), 403–416.
- Healthy People (2020). http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/immunization-and-infectious-diseases Erişim Tarihi: 09.08. 2024.
- Karagöz, Y. (2021). SPSS-AMOS-META uygulamalı nicel-nitel karma bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve yayın etiği. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti. E-ISBN: 978-625-402-278-4. Ankara.
- Khaliq, A., Sayed, S. A., Hussaini, S. A., Azam, K., & Qamar, M. (2017). Missed immunization opportunities among children under 5 years of age dwelling In Karachi city. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad: JAMC, 29(4), 645.
- Larson, H.J., Jarrett, C., Schulz, W.S. et al. (2015). Measuring vaccine hesitancy: the development of a survey tool. Vaccine, 33:4165-75.
- Luyten, J., Bruyneel, L., & van Hoek, A. J. (2019). Assessing vaccine hesitancy in the UK population using a generalized vaccine hesitancy survey instrument. Vaccine, 37(18), 2494–2501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.03.041
- Marks, I. (1988). Blood-injury phobia: a review. The American journal of psychiatry, 145(10), 1207-1213. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.10.1207
- Mohd Azizi, F. S., Kew, Y., & Moy, F. M. (2017). Vaccine hesitancy among parents in a multi-ethnic country, Malaysia. Vaccine, 35(22), 2955–2961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.010
- Mutlu M. (2021). Çocukluk çağı aşıları hakkında ebeveynlerin tutumları ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması (Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Aile Hekimliği ABD, Erzurum.
National Foundation for Infectious Diseases. Adult Vaccination Saves Lives. (2012). Erişim: www.adultvaccination.org/resources/ctaadult.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 15.08.2024.
- Nichter, M. (1995). Vaccinations in the third world: A consideration of community demand. Social Science and Medicine, 41(5), 617-632.
- O'neill, O. (2002). Autonomy and trust in bioethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Repalust A, Šević S, Rihtar S, Štulhofer A. (2017). Childhood vaccine refusal and hesitancy intentions in Croatia: insights from a population-based study. Psychol Health Med. 22(9):1045-1055. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2016.1263756.
Report of the SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy 2014 [İnternet]. Erişim adresi:https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2014/october/1_Report_WORKING_GROUP_vaccine_hesitancy_final.pdf Erişim tarihi:12.10.2022.
- Roalkvam, S., McNeill, D. & Blume, S. (Eds.). (2013). Protecting the world's children: Immunisation policies and practices. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Rozbroj, T., Lyons, A., & Lucke, J. (2019). Psychosocial and demographic characteristics relating to vaccine attitudess in Australia. Patient education and counseling, 102(1), 172–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2018.08.027
- Shapiro, G.K., Tatar, O., Dube, E., Amsel, R., Knauper, B., Naz, A., … Rosberger, Z. (2018). The vaccine hesitancy scale: psychometric properties and validation. Vaccine, 36, 660–667.
- Shekhar, R., Sheikh, A.B., Upadhyay, S., Singh, M., Kottewar, S., Mir, H., Barrett, E., & Pal, S. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health care workers in the United States. Vaccines, 9, 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020119
- Smith PJ, Humiston SG, Marcuse EK, Zhao Z, Dorell CG, Howes C, & Hibbs B. (2011). Parental delay or refusal of vaccine doses, childhood vaccination coverage at 24 months of age, and the Health Belief Model; Public Health Rep., 126 Suppl 2:135-46.
- UNICEF (1996). Vaccines bring 7 diseases under control. Erişim tarihi: 21 Eylül 2022. https://www.unicef.org/pon96/hevaccin.htm
Vaccine hesitancy determining the scale of the challenge (2016). Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/immunization/research/forums_and_initiatives/2_SGoldstein_VH_Determining_Scale_challenge_gvirf16.pdf?ua=1 Erişim Tarihi: 20.08.2024.
- Ward, J.K., Peretti-Watel, P., & Verger, P. (2016). Vaccine criticism on the internet: propositions for future research. Hum Vaccin Immunother, 12:1924-9.
- Wardenaar, K.J., Carmen C.W. Lim, Ali O. Al-Hamzawi, et al. (2017). The cross-national epidemiology of specific phobia in the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med. 2017;47(10):1744-1760. doi:10.1017/S0033291717000174
- World Health Organization (2009). World Bank State of the World’s Vaccines and İmmunization, 3rd Ed. Geneva, World Health Organization.
- World Health Organization (2014). Report of the SAGE Working Group on vaccine hesitancy, 1.10.2014, Erişim Tarihi 22 Mayıs 2018, www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2014/october/1_Report_WORKING_GROUP_vaccine_hesitancy_final.pdf.
- World Health Organization Media Center. (2017). 1 in 10 infants worldwide did not receive any vaccinations in 2016. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacenter/news/releases/2017/infants-worldwidevaccinations/en.
- Wright, S., Yelland, M., Heathcote, K. & Wright, G. (2009). Fear of needles—Nature and prevalence in general practice. Australian Family Physician. 38(3), 172–176. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.771566427388173