Fintek Yatırımlarının Belirleyicileri: AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye Örneği

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 171 - 190, 20.12.2021

Emine Karaçayır , Aslı Afşar

https://doi.org/10.33399/biibfad.873252

Cited By: 2

Öz

Finans dünyası içerisinde uzun zamandır yer alan teknolojik gelişmelerin, son yıllarda finansal teknolojiler üzerinde etkisi daha fazla görülmektedir. Teknolojiyi araç olarak kullanan, geleneksel finansal hizmetleri kolaylaştıran fintek, dünyada internet ve mobil uygulamaların yaygınlaşması ile hızlı bir şekilde ilerleme göstermektedir. Son dönemde finansal teknolojilerin daha sık gündeme gelmesinin sebebi, mobilitenin artması ve dijital dünyanın genişlemesiyle hayatımızdaki öneminin artmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, dijital teknolojilerin gün geçtikçe ilerlemesi ile artan fintek yatırımlarının, teknolojik ve ekonomik belirleyicilerini araştırmak ve hangi faktörlerin, fintek yatırımlarını etkilediğini tespit etmektir. Bu bağlamda, 2006-2019 yılları arasında, Avrupa Birliği’ne üye ülkeler ve Türkiye için fintek yatırımlarının belirleyicileri, oluşturulan 2 farklı panel veri modeli ile test edilmiştir. Bu modeller sonucunda banka şubesi sayısı değişkeni, bağımlı değişken olan fintek yatırımlarını negatif yönde ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı olarak etkilemekte iken; hesap sahibi sayısı, gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla değişkenlerinin fintek yatırım tutarı üzerindeki etkisi pozitif yönde ve istatistiki olarak anlamlıdır. Ayrıca enflasyon oranı ve işsizlik oranının fintek yatırımları üzerinde anlamlı herhangi bir etkiye sahip olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fintek Ekosistemi, Fintek Yatırımları, Panel veri

Determinants of the Fintech Investments: Case of the Member Countries of the European Union and Turkey

Öz

The effect of technological developments that took place in the finance world for a long time was more frequently felt on the financial technologies in recent years. Facilitating conventional financial services by using technology as a tool, the fintech makes rapid progress along with the spread of internet and mobile applications across the world. The reason for the financial technologies to be brought to the agenda more frequently in the recent period is the increase in their importance along with the enhancement of mobility and the expansion of the digital world. This study aims to analyze the technological and economic determinants of the fintech investments which grow along with the further development of digital technology with each passing day and to identify which factors affect the fintech investments. In this conjunction, the determinants of the fintech investments in 2006-2019 for the member countries of the European Union and Turkey were tested through two different panel data models created under the study. As per these models, the variable of the number of bank branches has a statistically significant negative association with the dependent variable, the fintech investments, whereas the variables ofthe number of bank account holders and gross domestic product have statistically significant positive associations with the fintech investments. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fintech Ecosystem, Fintech Investment, Panel Data

Kaynakça

• Akkizidis, I., & Stagars, M. (2015). Marketplace lending, Financial Analysis, and the Future of credit: Integration, Profitability, and risk management. John Wiley & Sons.
• Altınırmak, S. (2019). Bankacılık Sektöründe Fintechler. A. Afşar. (Ed.), Digital Dönüşüm ve Finans. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
• Anikina, I.D., Gukova, A.V., Golodova, A.A.V. & Chekalkina, A.A. (2016). Methodological aspect of prioritization of financial tools for stimulation of ınnovativeactities. European Research Studies Journal, 19(2), 100-112.
• Arner, D.W., Barberis, J., & Buckley, R.P. (2016). 150 Years Of Fintech: An Evolutionary Analysis. Jassa, 3, 22-29
• Arslanian, H. (2018). FinTech’s Impact on the Future of Banking. https://www.palgrave.com/gp/campaigns/new-perspectives-in-economics-and-finance/author-perspectives/fintechs-impact-on-the-future-of-banking. Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ekim 2020.
• Beşli, E., Yazıcı S. & Canko, S. (2018). Türkiye fintek ekosisteminin sürdürülebilir gelişimi için 23 öneri. (file:///F:/FinTek/EY_Turkiye_FinTek_Donusumu_raporu.pdf).
• Bruhn, M. & Love, I. (2014). The real ımpact of ımproved Access to finance evidence from mexico. The Journal of Finance, 69(3), 1347-1376.
• Chuen, D., Lee, K. & Teo, E.G.S. (2015). Emergence of fintech and the lasıc principles. Ey Global Financial Services Institute, 3 (3), 1-29.
• Deloitte, (2017). Connecting global fintech: Interm hub review 2017, https://www2.deloitte.com/tr/en/pages/finance/articles/a-tale-of-44-cities-global-FinTech-hub-federation-gfhf-connecting-global-Fintech-hub-report.html.
• Diemers, D. Lamaa, A. Salamat, J. & Steffens, T. (2015). Developing a fintech ecosystem in thegcc-Let’s get ready for take off, https://docplayer.net/33543599-Developing-a-fintech-ecosystem-in-the-gcc-let-s-get-ready-for-take-off.html, (10/01/2020), 4-8.
• Dorfleitner, G., Hornuf, L., Schmitt, M., & Weber, M. (2017). Definition of FinTech and description of the FinTech industry. In FinTech in Germany (pp. 5-10). Springer, Cham.
• Douglas W.A., Barberis, J. & Buckley, P.R. (2017). FinTech and regtech in a nutshell, and the future in a sand box. Research Foundation Briefs, 3(4)
• https://www.cfainstitute.org/research/foundation/2017/fintech-and-regtech-inanutshellandthe-future-in-a-sandbox. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.09.2020).
• Gilbert N. (2019). 79 Key fintech statistics 2019&2020 Market Share & Data Analysis, http://financesonline.com/fintech-statistics/. (Erişim tarihi: 30.10.2020).
• Greene, W.H., (1997). Economic Analysis. Prentice Hall, 3rd Edition.
• Gujarati, D.N. (2004). Basic Econometrics. 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies.
• Gujarati, D.N. (2006). Temel Ekonometri. Ü. Şenesen ve G. G. Şenesen (Çev.), İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık.
• Haddad, C. & Hornuf, L. (2016). The emergence of the global fintech market: economic and technological determinants. IAAEU Discussion Paper Series in Economics, (6), 1-37.
• Iman, N. (2018). Is mobile payment stil relevant in the fintech era? Electronic Commerce Researchand Applications. 30, 72-82.
• Lee, I. & Shin, Y.J. (2018). Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges. Business Horizons (61), 35-46.
• Lu, L. (2017). Financial Technologyand Challenger Banks in the UK: Gap Fillersor Real Challengers? Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation, 32(7), 273-282.
• Lucas, E.R. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics. (22), 3-42.
• Lynn, T., Mooney, J.G., Rosati, P. & Cummins, M. (2019). Disrupting Finance: Fintech And Strategy In The 21st Century (175). Springer. Cham. Switzerland.
• Menteş S.A. (2019). Finansal tabana yayılma aracı olarak finansal teknoloji şirketleri. Social Sciences Research Journal,8(1),168-175.
• Moşteanu, N.R. (2019). International financial markets face to face with artificial ıntelligence and digital era. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 3(620), 123-134.
• Nicoletti, B. (2017). The future of fintech ıntegrating finance and technology in financial services. Palgrave Studies in Financial Services Technology. Rome/Italy.
• Orhan, S., & Savuk, F. (2014). Emek-teknoloji-işsizlik ilişkisi. Calisma Dünyasi Dergisi, 2(2), 9-25.
• Petralia, K., Philippon, T., Rice, T. & V´eron, N., (2019). Banking disrupted? Financial intermediation in an era of transformational technology. Technical Report 22, Geneva Reports on the World Economy. ICMB and CEPR.
• Romer, P.M. (1986). Increasing returns and long run growth. Journal of Political Economy. 94, 1002–37.
• Schindler, J. (2017). FinTech and financial ınnovation: Drivers and depth. Finance and economics discussion series. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1-18.
• Soriano, M.A. (2017). Factors driving financial inclusion and financial performance in fintech new ventures: An empirical study. Sıngapore Management Unıversıty 1-250.
• Şenbayram Aba, E. (2019). Fintek (Fintech)-Finansal Teknoloji. IV. Internatıonal European Conference On Social Science ISBN: 978-605-7811-20-2s: 523-535.
• Taştan, S. & Uralcan, Ş.G. (2019). Küresel finansal teknoloji sektöründe ortaya çıkan yeni girişimlerin ekonomik ve teknolojik belirleyicileri. Haliç Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (2)1, 41-69.
• TBB(2019).https://www.tbb.org.tr/Content/Upload/Dokuman/7678/Bankalarimiz_2019.pdf
• Walchek, S. (2015). The unbulding of finance-for the beter. https://techcrunch.com/2015/05/29/the-unbundling-of-finance/ (Erişim tarihi: 02.11.2020).
• Yılmaz Özsoy, Ç. (2020). Digital Finans ve Blok Zincir Teknolojisi Kripto Varlıklar. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi.