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Labor Market in the Digital Economy: Transformation of Labour Demand in The Skill Dimension New, Again and Again from The Start

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 130 - 145, 30.09.2024

Öz

The main purpose of this study is; The aim is to determine how the developments in the digital economic structure will affect the labor demand on the basis of skills in the short-medium and long term. As a method, reports of relevant international institutions and organizations were examined and a literature review was carried out. And qualitative data analysis was used within the framework of description, analysis and interpretation. As a result, the basic concepts that define the digital transformation wave in the first quarter of the 21st century are; exponential speed, breadth and depth. This effect is more radical in the transformation of unskilled jobs. And employers who want to maintain their competitiveness in the national or international arena basically act with the motivation of savings and flexibility, thus increasing their demand for skilled labor. This effect is expected to turn negative in the unskilled-semi-skilled workforce and positive in the skilled workforce in the near future. This development is in the context of adaptation policies; It will challenge businesses to improve digital skills and governments to develop more social policies for employment. Unskilled labor is often at the center of discussions in digital transformation. More opportunities for skilled labor and fewer opportunities for low-skilled/vulnerable groups are expected in the future as a result of innovation, robotization and automation. This is due to the digitalization of low-skilled jobs first and foremost. In this context, neutral demand for unskilled and semi-skilled labor is expected in the short term, decreasing demand in the medium term and transforming demand in the long term. Skilled labor will continue to be in demand in the short and medium term. However, new professions expected to emerge in the long term will accelerate the demand for new skilled labor. Especially uncertain and troubling developments in the field of artificial intelligence will be more effective in the long term.

Kaynakça

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Dijital Ekonomide İşgücü Piyasası: İşgücü Talebinin Vasıf Boyutunda Yine, Yeni ve Yeni Baştan Dönüşümü

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 130 - 145, 30.09.2024

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacını; dijital ekonomik yapıda yaşanan gelişmelerin vasıf temelinde işgücü talebini kısa-orta ve uzun vadede ne yönde etkileyeceğini saptamak oluşturmaktadır. Yöntem olarak ilgili uluslararası kurum ve kuruluş raporları incelenmiş ve literatür taraması gerçekleştirilerek betimleme, analiz ve yorumlama çerçevesinde nitel veri analizine başvurulmuştur. Sonuç olarak 21. yy.’ın ilk çeyreğinde dijital dönüşüm dalgasını tanımlayan temel kavramlar; üstel hız, genişlik ve derinliktir. Bu etki vasıf gerektirmeyen işlerin dönüşümünde daha radikaldir. Dolayısıyla ulusal veya uluslararası arenada rekabet gücünü korumak isteyen işveren, temelde tasarruf ve esneklik güdüsüyle hareket etmekte dolayısıyla vasıflı işgücüne olan talebini arttırmaktadır. Bu etkinin yakın bir gelecekte vasıfsız-yarı vasıflı işgücünde negatife, vasıflı işgücünde pozitife evrilmesi beklenmektedir. Bu gelişme uyum politikaları bağlamında; işletmeleri dijital becerileri geliştirme, hükümetleri ise istihdam merkezinde daha fazla sosyal politika geliştirme konusunda zorlayacaktır. Vasıfsız işgücü çoğu zaman dijital dönüşüm tartışmalarının merkezinde yer almaktadır. İnovasyon, robotizasyon ve otomasyonun bir sonucu olarak gelecekte vasıflı işgücü için daha fazla fırsat ve düşük vasıflı/savunmasız gruplar için daha az fırsat beklenmektedir. Bunun nedeni her şeyden önce düşük vasıflı işlerin dijitalleşmesidir. Bu çerçevede, kısa vadede vasıfsız ve yarı vasıflı işgücüne yönelik talebin nötr olması, orta vadede talebin azalması, uzun vadede ise talebin dönüşmesi beklenmektedir. Kısa ve orta vadede vasıflı işgücüne talep devam edecektir. Ancak uzun vadede ortaya çıkması beklenen yeni meslekler, yeni vasıflı işgücüne olan talebi hızlandıracaktır. Özellikle yapay zekâ alanında yaşanan belirsiz ve problemli gelişmeler uzun vadede daha etkili olacaktır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmanın tüm hazırlanma süreçlerinde etik kurallara uyulduğunu yazarlar beyan eder. Aksi bir durumun tespiti halinde BİİBFD Dergisinin hiçbir sorumluluğu olmayıp, tüm sorumluluk çalışmanın yazarına aittir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Çalışmada herhangi bir kurumdan destek alınmamıştır

Teşekkür

Gösterdikleri yoğun ilgi ve emeklerinden dolayı BİİBFD Dergisi Editör Kurulu’na ve sağladıkları katkılarında dolayı hakemlere teşekkür ederiz

Kaynakça

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  • FORD, M. (2018). Robotların Yükselişi, C. Duran (Çev.), Kronik Kitap, İstanbul.
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  • FREY, C. B. Ve OSBORNE, M. (2013). “The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are jobs to Computerisation”, https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf , 01.05.2024.
  • FUKUYAMA, F. (2018). “Society 5.0: Aiming for A New Human-Centered Society”, https://www.jef.or.jp/journal/pdf/220th_Special_Article_02.pdf , 20.05.2024.
  • GOPAL, G., SUTER-CRAZZOLA, C., TOLDO, L. ve EBERHARDT, W. (2018). “Digital Transformation in Healthcare Architectures of Present and Future Information Technologies”, Chinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 57(3), 328-355.
  • GUPTA, S. (2018). Organizational Barriers to Digital Transformation, KTH Royal Institute of Technology. Stockholm.
  • HIETELA, J. ve HARKIN, J. (2020). “Creating Human for AI Revolution: Digital Transformation of the Workforce”, https://www.valamis.com/publications/digital-transformation-of-the-workforce-white-paper, 01.05.2024.
  • HİRSCH-KREINSEN, H. (2016). Digitalisation and Low-Skilled Work, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Bonn.
  • HUWS, U. (2018). Küresel Dijital Ekonomide Emek, C. Şenesen (Çev.), Yordam Kitap, İstanbul.
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  • ILO. (2021). “Dünyada İstihdam ve Sosyal Görünüm: Çalışma Yaşamının Dönüşümünde Dijital Çalışma Platformlarının Rolü”, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---europe/---ro-geneva/---ilo-ankara/documents/publication/wcms_774395.pdf , 10.04.2024.
  • INSTITUUT GAK. (2021). “Platform Workers: Decent Rights & Pay”, https://wageindicator.org/about/projects/platform-workers-decent-rights-pay, 01.03.2024.
  • KUPPER, D., LORENZ, M., KNIZEK, C., KUHLMAN, C., MANUE, K., LASSİNG, A. ve BUCHNER, T. (2019). “Advanced Robotics in the Factory of the Future”, https://www.bcg.com/publications/2019/advanced-robotics-factory-future , 11.05.2024.
  • LEAVITT, N. (2007). “The Changing World of Outsourcing”, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4404801 , 20.03.2024.
  • LEE, N. ve CLARKE, S. (2019). “Do Low-Skilled Workers Gain from High-Tech Employment Growht? High Technology Multipliers, Employment And Wages in Britain, 48(9), 1-11.
  • LORANGER, A., SINCLAIR, A. ve TEBRAKE, J. (2018). “Measuring The Economy in An Increasingly Digitalized World: Are Statistics Up To The Task?”, https://www.cigionline.org, 20.01.2024.
  • MANDL, I. (2021). “Employment Impact of Digitalisation”, https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/tr/author/mandl-irene , 20.05.2024.
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  • PETTINGER, T. (2020). “Digital Economy-Pros And Cons”, https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/164275/economics/the-digital-economy-pros-and-cons/, 14.05.2024.
  • PIRZADA, K. ve KHAN, F. (2013). “Measuring Relationship Between Digital Skills and Employability European” Journal of Business and Management, 5(4), 124-134.
  • PRIETO, L. A. ve VALENDUC, G. (2016). “Digital Skills and Labour Opportunities for Low-Skilled Women”, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298433813_Digital_Skills_and_Labour_Opportunities_for_Low-Skilled_Woman, 14.03.2024.
  • RİCHTHOFEN, W. V. (2010). Çalışma Denetimi, Uzman Tercüme (Çev.), Milli Prodüktivite Merkezi, Ankara.
  • RİTZER, G. (2011). Küresel Dünya, M. Pekdemir (Çev.), Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • SACHS, J. D. (2022). Küreselleşme Çağları: Coğrafya, Teknoloji ve Kurumlar, A. S. Erdoğan (Çev.), Yeditepe Üniversitesi Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • SCHMIDT, E. ve ROSENBERG, J. (2015). Google Nasıl Yönetiliyor? C. Özdemir (Çev.), Timaş Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • SCHRÖDER, C. (2017). The Challenges of Industry 4.0 for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Bonn.
  • SCHWAB, K. (2016). Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi, Z. Dicleli (Çev.), Optimist Yayın Dağıtım, İstanbul.
  • STATISTA. (2023). “e-Commerce-Worldwide”, https://www.statista.com/outlook/emo/ecommerce/worldwide, 14.03.2024.
  • STATISTA. (2024). “Number of Internet and Social Media Users Worldide as of April 2024”, https://www.statista.com, 14.03.2024.
  • STEPHANIE, F. (2014). “How Technology Has Changed Outsourcing”, https://impacthub.org/resources/blog/how-technology-has-changed-outsourcing-3/, 12.03.2024.
  • ŞEN, S. (2004). Esnek Üretim-Esnek Çalışma ve Endüstri İlişiklerine Etkileri, Turhan Kitapevi, Ankara.
  • TAPSCOTT, D. (1998). Dijital Ekonomi: Ağ Üzerindeki Akıl Çağında Umut ve Tehlike, . E. Koç (Çev.), Koç Sistem Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • TILLEY, J. (1998). “Automation, Robotics And The Factory of The Future”, https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/automation-robotics-and-the-factory-of-the-future, 14.02.2024.
  • TOFFLER, A. (1981). Gelecek Korkusu: Şok, Altın Kitaplar, İstanbul.
  • TOFFLER, A. (1994). “İşletmelerin Değişen Yapıları”, M. Özel (Der), Küresel Rekabet, İz Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • TOKOL, A. (2019). Endüstri ilişkileri ve yeni gelişmeler. Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık. WB. (2023). “Digital Development”, https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/digitaldevelopment/overview, 20.01.2024.
  • WORLDOMETER. (2023). “Society&Media”, https://www.worldometers.info/ , 10.01.2024.
  • WIKIPEDIA. (2024). Digital History. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_history , 10.06.2024.
  • YORGUN, S. (2019). Ekonomik Politikalar ve Endüstri İlişkilerinin Geleceği. İstanbul: Beta Yayınevi.
  • ZAİM, S. (1997). Çalışma Ekonomisi (10. Baskı). İstanbul: Filiz Kitapevi.
  • ZAPIER. (2019). “The Remote Work Report By Zapier”, https://zapier.com/blog/remote-work-report-by-zapier/, 14.03.2024.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Ali İhsan Çelen 0000-0002-8009-3432

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 1 Ekim 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 26 Eylül 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çelen, A. İ. (2024). Dijital Ekonomide İşgücü Piyasası: İşgücü Talebinin Vasıf Boyutunda Yine, Yeni ve Yeni Baştan Dönüşümü. Biga İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 130-145.