Real-Timely Decrease of Snoring in Patients with Severe Degree of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Using SNORAP

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 1 Özel Sayı, 10 - 17, 25.12.2017

Mete Yağanoğlu , Murat Kayabekir Cemal Köse

Öz

The
decrease and/or removal of snoring complaint, a significant social and familial
health problem, is an important medical issue that needs to be solved
interdisciplinary for sleep medicine. Surgical techniques and technological
studies related to this topic have been mentioned in a few articles. SNORAP,
developed by Yağanoğlu et al (2017), is a wearable device that operates just by
the application of vibration to the patient. SNORAP is a device designed to
improve the sleep health of snoring patients especially with Sleep Disordered
Breathing (SDB). In this study, the detection of snoring sound at patients with
severe degree obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and the effect of SNORAP
device on snoring sound in these patient group were investigated. SNORAP consists of Raspberry Pi,
Grove, microphone, vibration motor and screen. It uses the SNORAP audio
fingerprint (AF) method to detect the snoring sound. AF is a short digital
summary of the quick index and audio object that can be used to introduce the
short and unlabeled part of the audio signal to correspondences at audio
database, and similar elements. First of all, SNORAP performs sampling by
receiving audio data with a microphone. Secondly, spectrograms are obtained
from the audio data. Thirdly, peak points are found, and the summarization of
fingerprint is created. Finally, SNORAP detects whether this is a snoring sound
or other sounds, through database. SNORAP was applied to 2 voluntary patients
(male, mean age: 49, body mass index average: 27.5) diagnosed with severe OSAS
in company with polysomnography (PSG). The experimental protocol was performed
in the form of a night sleep test to the volunteers, by using and without using
SNORAP, with a week interval, in a sleep and electrophysiology laboratory under
the supervision of the responsible physicians and technicians. The resulting
data were analyzed by a sleep medicine physician, in accordance with the 2007
American Academy of Sleep Medicine (ASSM) criteria. PSG, known as a night sleep
test, has sensors that measure body systems for all purpose. This study was
conducted especially on the basis of snoring sensor of PSG.Patients who
diagnosed as severe OSAS, accepted to sleep laboratory two times for a
night-sleep test, first with SNORAP, later without SNORAP. The snoring
parameters of the first volunteer patient whose number of snoring 716/night and
average amplitude of snoring 50 µV before using SNORAP was high, decreased
after using SNORAP (number of snoring: 98/night, average amplitude of snoring:
3,52 µV). The snoring parameters of the second volunteer patient whose number
of snoring 1738/night and average amplitude of snoring: 62,5 µV before using
SNORAP was high, decreased after using SNORAP (number of snoring: 81/night,
average amplitude of snoring: 1,40 µV).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Snoring, SNORAP, Severe Degree Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Audio Fingerprint, Wearable Processing

Kaynakça

• Ayappa, I., Rapoport, D.M., (2003). The upper airway in sleep: physiology of the pharynx. Sleep Medicine Reviews 7, 9-33.
• Beck, R., Odeh, M., Oliven, A., Gavriely, N., (1995). The acoustic properties of snores. European Respiratory Journal 8, 2120-2128.
• Ben-Israel, N., Tarasiuk, A., Zigel, Y., (2010). Nocturnal sound analysis for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea, Engineering in medicine and biology society (EMBC), 2010 annual international conference of the IEEE. IEEE, pp. 6146-6149.
• Cohen, A., Lieberman, A., (1986). Analysis and classification of snoring signals, Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE International Conference on ICASSP'86. IEEE, pp. 693-696.
• Dunai, A., Keszei, A.P., Kopp, M.S., Shapiro, C.M., Mucsi, I., Novak, M., (2008). Cardiovascular disease and health-care utilization in snorers: a population survey. Sleep 31, 411-416.
• Emoto, T., Kashihara, M., Abeyratne, U.R., Kawata, I., Jinnouchi, O., Akutagawa, M., Konaka, S.,(2014). Signal shape feature for automatic snore and breathing sounds classification. Physiological measurement 35, 2489.
• Fiz, J., Abad, J., Jane, R., Riera, M., Mananas, M., Caminal, P., Rodenstein, D., Morera, J., (1996). Acoustic analysis of snoring sound in patients with simple snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea. European Respiratory Journal 9, 2365-2370.
• Gavriely, N., Jensen, O., (1993). Theory and measurements of snores. Journal of Applied Physiology 74, 2828-2837.
• Guilleminault, C., Poyares, D., da Rosa, A., Kirisoglu, C., Almeida, T., Lopes, M.C., (2006). Chronic fatigue, unrefreshing sleep and nocturnal polysomnography. Sleep Medicine 7, 513-520.
• Hoffstein, V., Mateika, S., Anderson, D., (1994). Snoring: is it in the ear of the beholder? Sleep 17, 522-526.
• Karacan, I., Karatas, M., (1995). Erectile dysfunction in sleep apnea and response to CPAP. Journal of sex & marital therapy 21, 239-247.
• Lindberg, E., Elmasry, A., Gislason, T., Janson, C., Bengtsson, H., Hetta, J., Nettelbladt, M., Boman, G., (1999). Evolution of sleep apnea syndrome in sleepy snorers: a population-based prospective study. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 159, 2024-2027.
• Medicine, A.A.o.S., (2005). International classification of sleep disorders. Diagnostic and coding manual, 148-152.
• Ng, A.K., San Koh, T., Abeyratne, U.R., Puvanendran, K., (2009). Investigation of obstructive sleep apnea using nonlinear mode interactions in nonstationary snore signals. Annals of biomedical engineering 37, 1796-1806.
• Sola-Soler, J., Jane, R., Fiz, J.A., Morera, J., (2007). Automatic classification of subjects with and without sleep apnea through snoring analysis, Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007. EMBS 2007. 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE. IEEE, pp. 6093-6096.
• Urschitz, M.S., Guenther, A., Eitner, S., Urschitz-Duprat, P.M., Schlaud, M., Ipsiroglu, O.S., Poets, C.F., (2004). Risk factors and natural history of habitual snoring. Chest Journal 126, 790-800.
• Yağanoğlu, M., Kayabekir, M., Köse, C., (2017). SNORAP: A Device for the Correction of Impaired Sleep Health by Using Tactile Stimulation for Individuals with Mild and Moderate Sleep Disordered Breathing. Sensors 17, 2006.
• Young, T., Peppard, P., (2000). Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: epidemiologic evidence for a relationship. Sleep 23, S122-126.