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Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education

Yıl 2023, , 197 - 222, 30.10.2023

Ayselin Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10707

Öz

Türkiye stands at the forefront of countries that have embraced a considerable number of refugees and asylum-seekers, making it a prominent host for displaced populations worldwide. In recent years, Türkiye has developed a novel and inclusive approach designed to facilitate the access of refugees to higher education. This article endeavours to examine Türkiye’s policy framework and intricate challenges that arise during its implementation, with a keen focus on how top-down policy interventions interact with institutional bureaucracies and the socio-cultural context. The
study postulates that while Türkiye boasts a national inclusive policy, the effectiveness and outcome of its implementation lie within the realm of decentralization. The success or failure of
the policy hinges on the institutional capacity, willingness of the higher education institutions to accept refugee students and the sociological dynamics between locals and refugee students. For the
policy to genuinely thrive, it necessitates addressing institutional disparities and variances among higher education institutions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Internationalisation higher education refugees integration recognition Türkiye

Kaynakça

  • Abamosa, Juhar Yasin. “Social Inclusion of Refugees into Higher Education: Policies and Practices of Universities in Norway.” Educational Review, 2021, pp. 1-21, doi:10.1080/00131911.2021.2009443.
  • Ager, A., and A. Strang. “Understanding Integration: A Conceptual Framework.” Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 21, no. 2, 2008, pp. 166-191, doi:10.1093/jrs/fen016.
  • Akçapar, S.K., and Şimşek, D. “The politics of Syrian refugees in Turkey: A question of inclusion and exclusion through citizenship.” Social Inclusion, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 176-187.
  • Al-Haque, Rashed. “Canada’s Citizenship, Immigration, and International Education Policies.” Inclusion through Access to Higher Education, 2018, pp. 3-20, doi:10.1163/9789463512275_001.
  • Anselme, Marina L., and Catriona Hands. “Access to Secondary and Tertiary Education for All Refugees: Steps and Challenges to Overcome.” Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, vol. 27, no. 2, 2012, pp. 89-96, doi:10.25071/1920-7336.34725.
  • Ateşok, Zeynep Özde, et.al. Syrian Students’ Participation in Higher Education in Turkey: An Institutional Perspective. Istanbul University Press, 2020.
  • Beiser, Morton, and Feng Hou. “Language Acquisition, Unemployment and Depressive Disorder among Southeast Asian Refugees: A 10-Year Study.” Social Science & Medicine, vol. 53, no. 10, 2001, pp. 1321-1334, doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00412-3.
  • Berg, Jana, et al. “Introduction: Refugees in Higher Education—Questioning the Notion of Integration.” Higher Education Research and Science Studies, 2021, pp. 3-17, doi:10.1007/978-3-658-33338-6_1.
  • Bevelander, Pieter, et al. Resettled and Included? The Employment Integration of Resettled Refugees in Sweden. Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM). Malmö University, 2009.
  • Bovens, Mark, et al. Success and Failure in Public Governance: A Comparative Analysis. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2001.
  • Budak, Muhammet Musa and Hacı Murat Terzi. “Scholarship Programs as Public Diplomacy Tool and Implemantions in Turkic Council Countries”. Bilig – Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkic World, 2021, vol. 96, pp. 229-253.
  • Bulut-Şahin, Betül, and Yaşar Kondakçı. “Conflicting Perspectives on the Internationalization of Higher Education: Evidence from the Turkish Case.” Journal of Studies in International Education, SAGE Publishing, Sept. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1177/10283153221126245.
  • Cin, F. Melis, and Necmettin Doğan. “Navigating University Spaces as Refugees: Syrian Students’ Pathways of Access to and through Higher Education in Turkey.” International Journal of Inclusive Education, vol. 25, no. 2, 2020, pp. 298-312, doi:10.1080/13603116.2019.1707309.
  • Colucci, Elizabeth, et al. Free digital learning opportunities for migrants and refugees. An analysis of current initiatives and recommendations for their further use. Publications Office of the European Union, 2017.
  • Council of Europe. “Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education in the European Region.” 1997, https://rm.coe.int/168007f2c7.
  • Council of Higher Education (CoHE). “Higher Education Information Management System.” 2023, https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr. CoHE. “Strategy document of internationalization in higher education for 2018-2022.” 2017, https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/AnaSayfa/Yuksekogretimde_Uluslararasilasma_Strateji_Belgesi_2018_2022.pdf.
  • CoHE. “Recognition and equivalence application processes for those from countries where there is war, invasion or annexation.” 2017, https://denklik.yok.gov.tr/Documents/Mülteciler/Broşürler/bmulteci_basvurulari_ingilizce.pdf.
  • De Wit, Hans, and Philip G. Altbach. “Internationalization in Higher Education: Global Trends and Recommendations for Its Future.” Policy Reviews in Higher Education, vol. 5, no. 1, 2020, pp. 28-46, doi:10.1080/23322969.2020.1820898.
  • De Wit, Hans, et al. The Globalization of Internationalization. Routledge, 2017.
  • Dryden-Peterson, Sarah. “The Politics of Higher Education for Refugees in a Global Movement for Primary Education.” Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, vol. 27, no. 2, 2012, pp. 10-18, doi:10.25071/1920-7336.34718.
  • Dryden-Peterson, Sarah, and Wenona Giles. “Higher Education for Refugees.” Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, vol. 27, no. 2, 2012, pp. 3-9, doi:10.25071/1920-7336.34717.
  • Erdogan, Armağan, and Murat Erdogan. “Syrian university students in Turkish higher education: immediate vulnerabilities, future challenges for the European higher education area.” European higher education area: Challenges for a new decade. Eds. A. Curaj, L. Deca, and R. Pricopie, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 229-252.
  • Ertong Attar, Günnur, and Deniz Küçükşen. “Somehow Familiar but Still a Stranger: Syrian Students in Turkish Higher Education.” Journal of International Migration and Integration, vol. 20, no. 4, 2019, pp. 1041-1053, doi:10.1007/s12134-018-00647-8.
  • Eurydice. “Integrating asylum seekers and refugees into higher education in Europe: National policies and measures.” 2019, https://op.europa.eu/en/publicationdetail/-/publication/f1bfa322-38cd- 11e9-8d04-01aa75ed71a1/languageen/format-PDF/source-88265520.
  • Gidley, Jennifer M, et al. “From Access to Success: An Integrated Approach to Quality Higher Education Informed by Social Inclusion Theory and Practice.” Higher Education Policy, vol. 23, no. 1, 2010, pp. 123-147, doi:10.1057/hep.2009.24.
  • Gül, Meryem, and Derya Sasman Kaylı. “Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Sosyal Dışlanma Algısı Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma.” Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 2020, pp. 985-1007., doi:10.33417/tsh.688774.
  • Gülerce, Hakan and Rukiye Çorlu. “Yükseköğretimdeki Suriyeli Sığınmacı Öğrenciler: Uyum ve Çatışma Alanları.” Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 12, 2021, pp. 71-106., doi:10.32739/uskudarsbd.7.12.85.
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  • Houghton, A. M., and Morrice, L. (2008). Refugees, asylum seekers and migrants. Leicester: Steps on the education and employment progression journey. NIACE.
  • Joyce, A., et al. “The Experiences of Students from Refugee Backgrounds at Universities in Australia: Reflections on the Social, Emotional and Practical Challenges.” Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 23, no. 1, 2010, pp. 82-97., doi:10.1093/jrs/feq001.
  • Kirişci, Kemal, and Ayselin Yıldız. “Turkey’s Asylum Policies Over the Last Century: Continuity, Change and Contradictions.” Turkish Studies, vol. 24, no. 3-4, 2023, pp. 522-549, doi:10.1080/14683849.2023.217830.
  • Kondakçı, Yaşar, et al. “Higher Education for Forcibly Displaced Migrants in Turkey.” Higher Education Research and Development, vol. 42, no. 3, 2023, pp. 619-632.
  • Morrice, Linda. “Refugees in Higher Education: Boundaries of Belonging and Recognition, Stigma and Exclusion.” International Journal of Lifelong Education, vol. 32, no. 5, 2013, pp. 652-668., doi:10.1080/02601370.2012.761288.
  • Official Gazette of Turkish Republic. 01.07.2021, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/07/20210701-5.pdf.
  • Official Gazette of Turkish Republic. 21.09.2013, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2013/09/20130921.htm.
  • Reinhardt, Franziska, et al. “Integrating Refugees into Higher Education – the Impact of a New Online Education Program for Policies and Practices.” Policy Reviews in Higher Education, vol. 2, no. 2, 2018, pp. 198-226., doi:10.1080/23322969.2018.1483738.
  • Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration Management (PMM). “International protection.” 2023, https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma5638.
  • PMM. “Strategy document and national action plan on harmonization 2018-2023.” 2017, https://www.goc.gov.tr/kurumlar/goc.gov.tr/Yayinlar/UYUM-STRATEJI/Uyum-Strateji-Belgesi-ve-Ulusal-Eylem- Plani.pdf.
  • Sağır, Adem, and Erhan Aydın. “Türkiye’deki Üniversitelerde Öğrenim Gören Suriyeli Öğrencilerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Ve Sosyo-Kültürel Profillerinin Analizi.” Adam Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2020, pp. 155-184, doi:10.31679/adamakademi.598319.
  • Serdar, Ayşe. “An illiberal inclusion? The AKP’s politics of exceptional citizenship.” Turkish Studies, vol.24, no.1, 2023, pp.51-74, https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2022.2100699.
  • SPARK. “Social cohesion and Syrian students in higher education in Turkey.” 2021, https://spark.ngo/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Social-Cohesionand-Syrian-Students-in-Higher-Education-in- Turkey-1.pdf.
  • Streitwieser, Bernhard, et al. “The Potential and Reality of New Refugees Entering German Higher Education: The Case of Berlin Institutions.” European Education, vol. 49, no. 4, 2017, pp. 231-252, doi:10.1080/10564934.2017.1344864.
  • Şahin, Hatice, and Mahmut Kaya. “Harran Üniversitesi’ndeki Suriyeli Öğrencilerin Akademik Entegrasyon Süreçlerinin Analizi.” İnsan ve Toplum, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 39-84, doi: 10.12658/M0627.
  • Turhan, Ebru, and Ayselin Yıldız. “Turkey’s external differentiated integration with the EU in the field of migration governance: the case of border management.” The Routledge Handbook of Differentiation in the European Union, edited byLeruth Benjamin, et al., Routledge, 2022, pp. 502-18.
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Mültecilerin Yükseköğretime Erişimi ve Entegrasyonu Konusunda Türkiye’nin Kapsayıcı Yaklaşımı

Yıl 2023, , 197 - 222, 30.10.2023

Ayselin Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10707

Öz

Türkiye, önemli sayıda mülteci ve sığınmacıya kucak açan ülkelerin başında gelmektedir. Türkiye, son yıllarda mültecilerin yükseköğretime erişimini kolaylaştırmak için yeni ve kapsayıcı bir yaklaşım geliştirmiştir. Bu makale, geliştirilen bu yeni yaklaşımı ve uygulamada karşılaşılan zorlukları kurumsal bürokrasiler ve sosyo-kültürel bağlama odaklanarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makale, Türkiye’nin ulusal düzeyde kapsayıcı bir politikaya sahip olmasına rağmen, uygulamada merkeziyetçi olmayan yaklaşıma bağlı olarak, politikanın etkili, başarılı veya başarısız olmasında
yükseköğretim kurumlarının kurumsal kapasitesi, istekliliği ve yerel/mülteci öğrenciler arasındaki sosyo-kültürel ilişkilerin önemli olduğunu öne sürmektedir. Bu kapsayıcı politikanın tam anlamıyla
başarılı bir şekilde uygulanabilmesi için, yükseköğretim kurumları düzeyinde kurumsal farklılıkların ele alması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uluslararasılaşma yükseköğretim mülteciler entegrasyon tanıma Türkiye

Teşekkür

The author gratefully acknowledges the constructive comments of the anonymous reviewers. Particular thanks go to the senior researchers Selin Siviş and Özde Ateşok for their dedication and hard work in conducting the field work in Adana, Gaziantep, Mersin and Istanbul. The author also thanks to Halleli Pinson for her guidance that has helped to improve the manuscript which will also be published as re-print book chapter in the “Research Handbook on Migration and Education”.

Kaynakça

  • Abamosa, Juhar Yasin. “Social Inclusion of Refugees into Higher Education: Policies and Practices of Universities in Norway.” Educational Review, 2021, pp. 1-21, doi:10.1080/00131911.2021.2009443.
  • Ager, A., and A. Strang. “Understanding Integration: A Conceptual Framework.” Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 21, no. 2, 2008, pp. 166-191, doi:10.1093/jrs/fen016.
  • Akçapar, S.K., and Şimşek, D. “The politics of Syrian refugees in Turkey: A question of inclusion and exclusion through citizenship.” Social Inclusion, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 176-187.
  • Al-Haque, Rashed. “Canada’s Citizenship, Immigration, and International Education Policies.” Inclusion through Access to Higher Education, 2018, pp. 3-20, doi:10.1163/9789463512275_001.
  • Anselme, Marina L., and Catriona Hands. “Access to Secondary and Tertiary Education for All Refugees: Steps and Challenges to Overcome.” Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, vol. 27, no. 2, 2012, pp. 89-96, doi:10.25071/1920-7336.34725.
  • Ateşok, Zeynep Özde, et.al. Syrian Students’ Participation in Higher Education in Turkey: An Institutional Perspective. Istanbul University Press, 2020.
  • Beiser, Morton, and Feng Hou. “Language Acquisition, Unemployment and Depressive Disorder among Southeast Asian Refugees: A 10-Year Study.” Social Science & Medicine, vol. 53, no. 10, 2001, pp. 1321-1334, doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00412-3.
  • Berg, Jana, et al. “Introduction: Refugees in Higher Education—Questioning the Notion of Integration.” Higher Education Research and Science Studies, 2021, pp. 3-17, doi:10.1007/978-3-658-33338-6_1.
  • Bevelander, Pieter, et al. Resettled and Included? The Employment Integration of Resettled Refugees in Sweden. Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM). Malmö University, 2009.
  • Bovens, Mark, et al. Success and Failure in Public Governance: A Comparative Analysis. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2001.
  • Budak, Muhammet Musa and Hacı Murat Terzi. “Scholarship Programs as Public Diplomacy Tool and Implemantions in Turkic Council Countries”. Bilig – Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkic World, 2021, vol. 96, pp. 229-253.
  • Bulut-Şahin, Betül, and Yaşar Kondakçı. “Conflicting Perspectives on the Internationalization of Higher Education: Evidence from the Turkish Case.” Journal of Studies in International Education, SAGE Publishing, Sept. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1177/10283153221126245.
  • Cin, F. Melis, and Necmettin Doğan. “Navigating University Spaces as Refugees: Syrian Students’ Pathways of Access to and through Higher Education in Turkey.” International Journal of Inclusive Education, vol. 25, no. 2, 2020, pp. 298-312, doi:10.1080/13603116.2019.1707309.
  • Colucci, Elizabeth, et al. Free digital learning opportunities for migrants and refugees. An analysis of current initiatives and recommendations for their further use. Publications Office of the European Union, 2017.
  • Council of Europe. “Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education in the European Region.” 1997, https://rm.coe.int/168007f2c7.
  • Council of Higher Education (CoHE). “Higher Education Information Management System.” 2023, https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr. CoHE. “Strategy document of internationalization in higher education for 2018-2022.” 2017, https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/AnaSayfa/Yuksekogretimde_Uluslararasilasma_Strateji_Belgesi_2018_2022.pdf.
  • CoHE. “Recognition and equivalence application processes for those from countries where there is war, invasion or annexation.” 2017, https://denklik.yok.gov.tr/Documents/Mülteciler/Broşürler/bmulteci_basvurulari_ingilizce.pdf.
  • De Wit, Hans, and Philip G. Altbach. “Internationalization in Higher Education: Global Trends and Recommendations for Its Future.” Policy Reviews in Higher Education, vol. 5, no. 1, 2020, pp. 28-46, doi:10.1080/23322969.2020.1820898.
  • De Wit, Hans, et al. The Globalization of Internationalization. Routledge, 2017.
  • Dryden-Peterson, Sarah. “The Politics of Higher Education for Refugees in a Global Movement for Primary Education.” Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, vol. 27, no. 2, 2012, pp. 10-18, doi:10.25071/1920-7336.34718.
  • Dryden-Peterson, Sarah, and Wenona Giles. “Higher Education for Refugees.” Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, vol. 27, no. 2, 2012, pp. 3-9, doi:10.25071/1920-7336.34717.
  • Erdogan, Armağan, and Murat Erdogan. “Syrian university students in Turkish higher education: immediate vulnerabilities, future challenges for the European higher education area.” European higher education area: Challenges for a new decade. Eds. A. Curaj, L. Deca, and R. Pricopie, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 229-252.
  • Ertong Attar, Günnur, and Deniz Küçükşen. “Somehow Familiar but Still a Stranger: Syrian Students in Turkish Higher Education.” Journal of International Migration and Integration, vol. 20, no. 4, 2019, pp. 1041-1053, doi:10.1007/s12134-018-00647-8.
  • Eurydice. “Integrating asylum seekers and refugees into higher education in Europe: National policies and measures.” 2019, https://op.europa.eu/en/publicationdetail/-/publication/f1bfa322-38cd- 11e9-8d04-01aa75ed71a1/languageen/format-PDF/source-88265520.
  • Gidley, Jennifer M, et al. “From Access to Success: An Integrated Approach to Quality Higher Education Informed by Social Inclusion Theory and Practice.” Higher Education Policy, vol. 23, no. 1, 2010, pp. 123-147, doi:10.1057/hep.2009.24.
  • Gül, Meryem, and Derya Sasman Kaylı. “Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Sosyal Dışlanma Algısı Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma.” Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 2020, pp. 985-1007., doi:10.33417/tsh.688774.
  • Gülerce, Hakan and Rukiye Çorlu. “Yükseköğretimdeki Suriyeli Sığınmacı Öğrenciler: Uyum ve Çatışma Alanları.” Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 12, 2021, pp. 71-106., doi:10.32739/uskudarsbd.7.12.85.
  • Higher Education Working Group. (2021, November 25). Meeting notes.
  • Houghton, A. M., and Morrice, L. (2008). Refugees, asylum seekers and migrants. Leicester: Steps on the education and employment progression journey. NIACE.
  • Joyce, A., et al. “The Experiences of Students from Refugee Backgrounds at Universities in Australia: Reflections on the Social, Emotional and Practical Challenges.” Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 23, no. 1, 2010, pp. 82-97., doi:10.1093/jrs/feq001.
  • Kirişci, Kemal, and Ayselin Yıldız. “Turkey’s Asylum Policies Over the Last Century: Continuity, Change and Contradictions.” Turkish Studies, vol. 24, no. 3-4, 2023, pp. 522-549, doi:10.1080/14683849.2023.217830.
  • Kondakçı, Yaşar, et al. “Higher Education for Forcibly Displaced Migrants in Turkey.” Higher Education Research and Development, vol. 42, no. 3, 2023, pp. 619-632.
  • Morrice, Linda. “Refugees in Higher Education: Boundaries of Belonging and Recognition, Stigma and Exclusion.” International Journal of Lifelong Education, vol. 32, no. 5, 2013, pp. 652-668., doi:10.1080/02601370.2012.761288.
  • Official Gazette of Turkish Republic. 01.07.2021, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/07/20210701-5.pdf.
  • Official Gazette of Turkish Republic. 21.09.2013, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2013/09/20130921.htm.
  • Reinhardt, Franziska, et al. “Integrating Refugees into Higher Education – the Impact of a New Online Education Program for Policies and Practices.” Policy Reviews in Higher Education, vol. 2, no. 2, 2018, pp. 198-226., doi:10.1080/23322969.2018.1483738.
  • Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration Management (PMM). “International protection.” 2023, https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma5638.
  • PMM. “Strategy document and national action plan on harmonization 2018-2023.” 2017, https://www.goc.gov.tr/kurumlar/goc.gov.tr/Yayinlar/UYUM-STRATEJI/Uyum-Strateji-Belgesi-ve-Ulusal-Eylem- Plani.pdf.
  • Sağır, Adem, and Erhan Aydın. “Türkiye’deki Üniversitelerde Öğrenim Gören Suriyeli Öğrencilerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Ve Sosyo-Kültürel Profillerinin Analizi.” Adam Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2020, pp. 155-184, doi:10.31679/adamakademi.598319.
  • Serdar, Ayşe. “An illiberal inclusion? The AKP’s politics of exceptional citizenship.” Turkish Studies, vol.24, no.1, 2023, pp.51-74, https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2022.2100699.
  • SPARK. “Social cohesion and Syrian students in higher education in Turkey.” 2021, https://spark.ngo/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Social-Cohesionand-Syrian-Students-in-Higher-Education-in- Turkey-1.pdf.
  • Streitwieser, Bernhard, et al. “The Potential and Reality of New Refugees Entering German Higher Education: The Case of Berlin Institutions.” European Education, vol. 49, no. 4, 2017, pp. 231-252, doi:10.1080/10564934.2017.1344864.
  • Şahin, Hatice, and Mahmut Kaya. “Harran Üniversitesi’ndeki Suriyeli Öğrencilerin Akademik Entegrasyon Süreçlerinin Analizi.” İnsan ve Toplum, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 39-84, doi: 10.12658/M0627.
  • Turhan, Ebru, and Ayselin Yıldız. “Turkey’s external differentiated integration with the EU in the field of migration governance: the case of border management.” The Routledge Handbook of Differentiation in the European Union, edited byLeruth Benjamin, et al., Routledge, 2022, pp. 502-18.
  • Turkish Republic Center for Assesstment, Selection and Placement (OSYM). “2022 YKS Yerleştirme Sonuçlarına İlişkin Sayısal Bilgiler [Statistics on 2022 Higher Education Institutions Exam Results].” 2022, https://www.osym.gov.tr/TR,23866/2022.html.
  • Unangst, Lisa. “Refugees in the German Higher Education System: Implications and Recommendations for Policy Change.” Policy Reviews in Higher Education, vol. 3, no. 2, 2019, pp. 144-166, doi:10.1080/23322969.2019.1643254.
  • Unangst, Lisa, and Thomas M. Crea. “Higher Education for Refugees: A Need for Intersectional Research.” Comparative Education Review, vol. 64, no. 2, 2020, pp. 228-248., doi:10.1086/708190.
  • United Nations (UN). “Sustainable Goals and Targets.” 2015, https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/ envision2030-goal4.html.
  • UNESCO. “UNESCO qualifications passport for refugees and vulnerable migrants: information notes.” 2020, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374690.
  • UNESCO. “Global Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education.” 2019, http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=49557&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html.
  • UNESCO. “Global Education Monitoring Report 2019 Migration, Displacement, and Education.” 2018, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374690.
  • UNHCR. “Refugee education 2030, A strategy for refugee inclusion.” 2019, https://www.unhcr.org/publications/education/5d651da88d7/education-2030-strategy-refugee-education.html.
  • UNHCR. “UNHCR Education Report 2022.” 2022, https://www.unhcr.org/media/unhcr-education-report-2022-all-inclusive-campaign-refugeeeducation
  • UNHCR. “All Inclusive The Campaign for Refugee Education.” 2022, https://reliefweb.int/report/world/unhcr-education-report-2022-all-inclusivecampaign-refugee-education.
  • UNHCR. “Turkey Fact Sheet.” 2023, February, https://www.unhcr.org/tr/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2023/03/Bi-annual-fact-sheet-2023-02-Turkiye-.pdf.
  • UNICEF. “UNICEF Turkey Humanitarian Situation Report No 40.” 2020, https://www.unicef.org/media/92411/file/UNICEF-Turkey-Humanitarian-Situation-Report-No.-40-(Syrian-Refugees-Response-)- January-December-2020.pdf.
  • Watkins, Paula G., et al. “‘I’m Telling You … the Language Barrier Is the Most, the Biggest Challenge’: Barriers to Education among Karen Refugee Women in Australia.” Australian Journal of Education, vol. 56, no. 2, 2012, pp. 126-141, doi:10.1177/000494411205600203.
  • Yaralı Akkaya, Aysun. “Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi’ndeki Suriyeli Öğrencilerin Akademik Sorunları Üzerine Bir Çalışma.” Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2018, pp. 413-448, doi:10.21560/spcd.vi.447969.
  • Yıldız, Ayselin. Integration of refugee students in European higher education comparative country cases. Yasar University Publications, 2019.
  • Yıldız, Ayselin. Suriye Uyruklu Öğrencilerin Türkiye’de Yükseköğretime Katılımları. Yasar University Publications, 2019.
  • Yılmazel, Gizem, and Derin Atay. “Challenges of migrant students in Turkish higher education”. Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 132-145.
  • Yürür, Yeşim Özer, et al. Supporting the application and admissions of refugees in Turkish HEIs Project Report. Istanbul University, 2018.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Göçmen Kültürü Çalışmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ayselin Yıldız 0000-0001-8845-2367

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldız, A. (2023). Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education. Bilig(107), 197-222. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10707
AMA Yıldız A. Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education. Bilig. Ekim 2023;(107):197-222. doi:10.12995/bilig.10707
Chicago Yıldız, Ayselin. “Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education”. Bilig, sy. 107 (Ekim 2023): 197-222. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10707.
EndNote Yıldız A (01 Ekim 2023) Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education. Bilig 107 197–222.
IEEE A. Yıldız, “Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education”, Bilig, sy. 107, ss. 197–222, Ekim 2023, doi: 10.12995/bilig.10707.
ISNAD Yıldız, Ayselin. “Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education”. Bilig 107 (Ekim 2023), 197-222. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10707.
JAMA Yıldız A. Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education. Bilig. 2023;:197–222.
MLA Yıldız, Ayselin. “Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education”. Bilig, sy. 107, 2023, ss. 197-22, doi:10.12995/bilig.10707.
Vancouver Yıldız A. Inclusive Approach of Türkiye on Access and Integration of Refugees to Higher Education. Bilig. 2023(107):197-222.

Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi Mütevelli Heyet Başkanlığı