The problem of proving the Necessary Existent has had an important place in the thought system of philosophers in many different schools throughout history. The views put forward on this subject not only reveal the thinkers' conceptions of God but also highlight the distinctive features of their understanding of existence. On the other hand, the views on this subject are directly related to the integrity of the thought system due to the central position of the philosophers in the thought systems. The possibility argument put forward by Avicenna is one of the subjects in which his understanding of knowledge and existence crystallized. The possibility argument put forward by Avicenna is one of the subjects in which his understanding of knowledge and existence crystallized. In addition, considering the general structure of the criticisms directed at him on this subject, it is seen that this evidence has an important effect on clarifying the understanding of the existence of the thinkers who criticize him. It is also possible for us to see how closely metaphysics and logic have a close relationship with each other via the discussions about this proof carried out through the basic concepts of philosophy and the definition theory of classical logic. Moreover, the views put forward by Avicenna on this subject are extremely important in terms of revealing the nature of the relationship between philosophical sciences such as natural sciences, logic, mathematics, and metaphysics. Another feature of Avicenna's possibility argument is that it has an inseparable connection with his views on the classification of sciences. In this respect, it also exposes what one should expect from each science in the journey of becoming a philosopher, which is seen as the highest level of perfection possible for a man in peripatetic philosophy. Because, in classical philosophy, what is expected from the classification of sciences is that every science examines something or an aspect of something that is not studied in other sciences. For this reason, it is thought that the sciences should be learned in a certain order, and it is assumed that the student is dealing with something he has not learned before or a different aspect of what he has learned when the education of each science begins.
Logic Kalam Metaphysics The possibility argument The Classification of sciences.
The problem of proving the Necessary Existent has had an important place in the thought system of philosophers in many different schools throughout history. The views put forward on this subject not only reveal the thinkers' conceptions of God but also highlight the distinctive features of their understanding of existence. On the other hand, the views on this subject are directly related to the integrity of the thought system due to the central position of the philosophers in the thought systems. The possibility argument put forward by Avicenna is one of the subjects in which his understanding of knowledge and existence crystallized. The possibility argument put forward by Avicenna is one of the subjects in which his understanding of knowledge and existence crystallized. In addition, considering the general structure of the criticisms directed at him on this subject, it is seen that this evidence has an important effect on clarifying the understanding of the existence of the thinkers who criticize him. It is also possible for us to see how closely metaphysics and logic have a close relationship with each other via the discussions about this proof carried out through the basic concepts of philosophy and the definition theory of classical logic. Moreover, the views put forward by Avicenna on this subject are extremely important in terms of revealing the nature of the relationship between philosophical sciences such as natural sciences, logic, mathematics, and metaphysics. Another feature of Avicenna's possibility argument is that it has an inseparable connection with his views on the classification of sciences. In this respect, it also exposes what one should expect from each science in the journey of becoming a philosopher, which is seen as the highest level of perfection possible for a man in peripatetic philosophy. Because, in classical philosophy, what is expected from the classification of sciences is that every science examines something or an aspect of something that is not studied in other sciences. For this reason, it is thought that the sciences should be learned in a certain order, and it is assumed that the student is dealing with something he has not learned before or a different aspect of what he has learned when the education of each science begins.
Logic Kalam Metaphysics The possibility argument The Classification of sciences.
İsbat-ı vacip konusu tarih boyunca pek çok farklı ekole sahip filozofların düşünce sisteminde önemli bir yer tutmuştur. Bu konuda ortaya konulan görüşler, düşünürlerin Tanrı tasavvurlarını ortaya koyduğu gibi onların varlık anlayışlarının ayırt edici özelliklerini de belirginleştirir. Diğer yönden bu konudaki görüşler filozofların düşünce sistemlerindeki merkezi konumları nedeniyle düşünce sisteminin bütünlüğüyle de doğrudan ilişkilidir. İbn Sînâ’nın ortaya koyduğu imkân delili de kendisinin bilgi ve varlık anlayışının billurlaştığı konulardan birisidir. Ayrıca, bu konuda kendisine yöneltilen eleştirilerin genel yapısı dikkate alındığında, bu delilin, kendisine eleştiri yönelten düşünürlerin varlık anlayışlarını belirginleştirmekte de önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Bu delil hakkında yapılan tartışmalar, felsefenin temel kavramları ve klasik mantığın tanım teorisi üzerinden gerçekleştirilmesi sebebiyle metafizik ve mantık ilminin birbiriyle ne kadar sıkı bir ilişkiye sahip olduğunu görmemize de imkân sağlamaktadır. Yine, İbn Sînâ’nın bu konuda ortaya koyduğu görüşler doğa bilimleri, mantık, matematik ve metafizik gibi felsefi ilimler arasındaki ilişkinin niteliğini ortaya koymak bakımından da son derece önemlidir. İbn Sînâ’nın imkân delilinin bir özelliği de onun ilimlerin sınırları ile ilgili görüşleriyle kopmaz bir irtibata sahip olmasıdır. Bu açıdan meşşâi felsefede insan için mümkün olan en yüksek kemal mertebesi olarak görülen filozof olma yolculuğunda insanın her bir ilimden ne beklemesi gerektiğini de ortaya koymaktadır. Çünkü klasik felsefede ilimler tasnifinden beklenen her ilmin başka ilimlerde incelenmeyen bir şeyi veya bir yönü incelemesidir. İlimlerin belli bir sırayla öğrenilmesi gerektiği düşünülmekte, her bir ilmin tahsiline başlandığında talebenin daha önce öğrenmediği bir şeyle veya öğrendiklerinin farklı bir yönüyle muhatap olduğu varsayılmaktadır.
Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
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Bölüm | Makaleler |
Yazarlar | |
Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ekim 2022 |
Gönderilme Tarihi | 25 Haziran 2022 |
Kabul Tarihi | 13 Eylül 2022 |
Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 |