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Justice from the ummah to the organization: the analysis of the qur’an and sunnah

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2020 Sayı: 43, 95 - 128, 30.11.2020

Berrin Güzel , Recep Emin Gül

https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.754487

Öz

The concept of justice and other concepts related to justice include the basic features of human life. However, justice is not only a virtuous behavior, but also a concept that guides societies. The scriptures that guide the societies also emphasized justice and stated the principles in this direction both verbally in the texts and verbally through the prophets. Justice is important not only with the necessity of community life, but also in the relationship between employer and employee in business life. Organizational justice not only increases the performance of the employees but also increase their commitment to the organization. However, considering organizational justice in a wide perspective causes it to be evaluated in different dimensions. This distinction is also seen in the Qur’an and Sunnah. The distributive justice, which emphasizes the distribution of resources, is clearly stated in the verses of al-Ahqaf, 46/19 and al-Shu’ara, 26/183, where the value of every employee is given and the right to be paid. There is also Sunnah in distributive justice that injustice will cause the destruction of societies. Procedural justice is about how decisions are made. This justice dimension is clearly stated in verses Hud, 11/85, al-A'raf, 7/85, al-Isra, 35, al-Shu’ara, 182 and al-Rahman, 9. Interactional justice is about the relationship between employer and employee and explains fair treatment in the decision process. Especially. The Sunnah of the Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) to be fair to the employees in behavior and decisions is important. Information justice is for informing employees about decisions. In this sense, Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) indicated the importance of the employment contract in his sunnah and states that the employees should know their rights and that they should also be written. In both Qur'an and Sunnah, the issue of justice is emphasized especially in terms of distributive and interactional. In this sense, it is important in the worldly and in the spiritual sense that people who adopt the Qur’an and the Sunnah to guide themselves to be fair in their business life and to take care of their justice dimensions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Basic Islamic Studies/Hadith Organizational Justice Qur’an Sunnah

Kaynakça

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Ümmetten örgüte adalet: Kur’ân-ı Kerîm ve sünnet çözümlemesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2020 Sayı: 43, 95 - 128, 30.11.2020

Berrin Güzel , Recep Emin Gül

https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.754487

Öz

Adalet kavramı ve adalet ile ilgili diğer kavramlar insan yaşamının temel özelliklerini içerir. Ancak adalet sadece erdemli bir davranışı değil, toplumları da yönlendiren bir kavramdır. Toplumlara yol gösteren kutsal kitaplar da adaleti vurgulamış ve bu yönde ilkeleri gerek metinlerde yazılı gerekse peygamberler aracılığı ile sözlü olarak belirtmiştir. Adalet, sadece toplum yaşamı gerekliliği ile değil, aynı zamanda iş hayatında işveren-çalışan arasındaki ilişkide de önemlidir. Örgütsel adalet çalışanları örgüte bağlılıklarını sağladığı gibi, performanslarını da arttırır. Ancak örgütsel adaletin geniş perspektifte ele alınması, farklı boyutlarda değerlendirilmesine neden olur. Bu ayrım, Kur’an’ı Kerîm ve Sünnette de görülür. Kaynakların dağıtımı konusunu vurgulayan dağıtım adaleti, herkesin yaptıklarının karşılığının verilmesi ve hakkı kadar verileceği konusu Ahkâf, 46/19 ve Şu’arâ, 26/183 ayetlerinde açık şekilde belirtilir. Dağıtım adaletinde haksızlığın toplumların yok olmasına neden olacağı konusunda da sünnet yer alır. İşlem adaleti kararların nasıl alındığına yöneliktir. Bu adalet boyutu Hûd, 11/85, A’râf, 7/85, İsrâ, 35, Şu’arâ, 182 ve Rahmân, 9. Ayetlerinde açık şekilde belirtilir. Etkileşim adaleti işveren-işçi arasındaki ilişkiye yöneliktir ve karar sürecinde adil davranılmasını açıklar. Özellikle Hz. Peygamber’in (sas) çalışanlara davranışlarda ve kararlarda adil olunmasına yönelik Sünneti önemlidir. Bilgi adaleti, kararlar ile ilgili olarak çalışanların bilgilendirilmesine yöneliktir. Bu anlamda Hz. Peygamber (sas) Sünnetinde iş akdinin önemini belirtmiş, çalışanların haklarını bilmeleri ve bunların da ayrıca yazılı olması gerektiğini belirtir. Gerek Kur’an’ı Kerîm gerek Sünnette adalet konusu özellikle dağıtım ve etkileşim boyutlarında vurgulanır. Bu anlamda Kur’an’ı Kerîm ve Sünneti kendine rehber edinen kişilerin iş hayatlarında da adil olmaları ve adaleti boyutlarına dikkat ederek yönetmeleri dünyevî ve uhrevî anlamda önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Temel İslam Bilimleri/Hadis Örgütsel Adalet Kur’an’ı Kerîm Sünnet

Kaynakça

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  • James, K. (1993). The Social Context of Organizational Justice: Cultural, Intergroup, and Structural Effects on Justice Behaviors and Perceptions. Justice in the workplace: Approaching fairness in human resource management, 1: 21-50.
  • Johns, G. & Saks, A. M. (2001). Organizational Behavior, Understanding and Managing Life at Work. 5th Edition, USA: Addison Wesley Longman.
  • Johnston, D. (2011). A Brief History of Justice. UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • al-Jurjani, Ali b. Mohammad. (2005). Mu’cem al-Ta’rifat, Ed: Mohammad Siddiq al-Munsavi, Qahirah: Dar al-Fadilah.
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  • Karaman, H. (1990). İşçi-İşveren Anlaşmazlıklarında Çözüm Yolları, Mukayeseli Hukuk ve Uygulama Açısından İşçi-İşveren Münasebetleri, 179-186.
  • Karriker, J. H. & Williams, M. L. (2009) Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Mediated Multifoci Model, Journal of Management, 35 (1), 112-135.
  • Kasapoğlu, A. (2012). Kur’an’da Adalet Psikolojisi - Adaleti Engelleyen Psiko-Sosyal Faktörler. Hikmet Yurdu, 5(10): 61-106. Malatya.
  • Kayaoğlu, İ. (1985). İslâm’da Adalet Mefhumu, Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, XXVII: 201-206.
  • Kibar, S. (2011). An Inquiry on Justice: Bases, Bearers and Principles, Doktora Tezi, Ankara: Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
  • Kitchin, D. (2010). An Introduction to Organisational Behaviour for Managers and Engineers, A Group and Multicultural Approach. First Edition. UK: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Kocaoğlu, M. (2013). Ütopya ve Gerçeklik Arasında Adalet Problemi: John Rawls ve Robert Nozick’in Adalet Teorilerinin Karşılaştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Kreitner, R. & Kinicki, A. (2004). Organizational Behavior. 6th Edition, USA: McGrawHill-Irwin.
  • Qurtubi, Mohammad b. Ahmad. (1988). al-Cami li Ahqam al-Qur’an. Volume VI. Beirut: Dar al-Qutub al-Ilmiyah.
  • Kymlicka, W. (2002). Contemporary Political Philosophy, An Introduction. Second Edition. NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Leventhal, G. S. (1980). What Should be Done with Equity Theory?. Içinde Social exchange (pp. 27-55). USA: Springer.
  • Leventhal, G. S., Karuza, J., & Fry, W. R. (1980). Beyond Fairness: A Theory of Allocation Preferences. Justice and social interaction, 3(1): 167-218.
  • Levinson, H. (1965). Reciprocation: The Relationship between Man and Organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 9(4): 370-390.
  • Luthans, F. (2008). Organizational Behavior. 11th Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Maturidi, Mohammad b. Mahmud. (2004a). Te’vilat al-Qur’an. Volume IV. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah.
  • Maturidi, Mohammad b. Mahmud. (2004b). Te’vilat al-Qur’an. Volume VI. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah.
  • Miller, D. (2017). "Justice", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justice/
  • Mitchell, J. I., Gagné, M., Beaudry, A. & Dyer, L. (2012) The Role of Perceived Organizational Support, Distributive Justice, and Motivation in Reactions to New Information Technology, Computers in Human Behavior, 28: 729-738.
  • Moorman, R. H. (1991). Relationship Between Organizational Justice and Citizenship Behaviors: Do Fairness Perceptions Influence Employee Citizenship?. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(6): 845-855
  • Muslim, Muslim b. Hajjaj. (2008). al-Cami al-Sahih, Qahirah: Mektebah al-Rihab.
  • Nadiri, H., & Tanova, C. (2010). An Investigation of the Role of Justice in Turnover Intentions, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Hospitality Industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1): 33-41
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  • Niehoff, B. P., & Moorman, R. H. (1993). Justice as a Mediator of the Relationship between Methods of Monitoring and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 36(3): 527-556.
  • Ögtem, R. (2018). Emeğe Saygının Göstergesi: İşi Ehline Vermek, Emeğin Değeri: Din ve Emek İlişkisi, Ed. Ali Arslan vd., s. 131-138.
  • Pazarlı, O. (1972). İslam’da Ahlak. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
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  • al-Ragib al-Isfahani, Husayn b. Mohammad. (2009). Mufredat Elfaz al-Qur’an, Ed: Safvan Adnan al-Dawudi, Dar al-Qalem.
  • Scandura, T. A. (1997) Mentoring and Organizational Justice: An Empirical Investigation, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 51: 58- 69.
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  • Shockley-Zalabak, P. S., Morreale, S., & Hackman, M. (2010). Building the high-trust organization: Strategies for supporting five key dimensions of trust (Vol. 7). USA: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Stroh, L. K., Northcraft, G. B. ve Neale, M. A. (2002) Organizational Behavior, A Management Challenge, Third Edition. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc. Publishers.
  • Tansky, J. W. (1993). Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: What is the Relationship?. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 6(3): 195-207.
  • al-Tirmidhi, Mohammad b. Isa. (1992). Sunan al-Tirmidhi, İstanbul: Çağrı Yay.
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  • Ünal, İ. H. (1995). İslâm’da İşçi-İşveren İlişkileri, İslam’da İnsan Modeli ve Hz. Peygamber Örneği [Kutlu Doğum Haftası: 1993], s. 243-250.
  • Uysal, E. (2018). Dini ve Ahlaki Açıdan Çalışma ve Emeğin Önemi, Emeğin Değeri: Din ve Emek İlişkisi, Ed. Ali Arslan vd., s. 3-12.
  • Van den Bos, K. (2001). Uncertainty Management: The Influence of Uncertainty Salience on Reactions to Perceived Procedural Fairness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(6): 931-941.
  • Van den Bos, K., Lind, E. A., Vermunt, R., & Wilke, H. A. (1997). How Do I Judge My Outcome When I Do Not Know the Outcome of Others? The Psychology of the Fair Process Effect. Journal of personality and social psychology, 72(5): 1034-1046.
  • Van den Bos, K., Wilke, H. A., & Lind, E. A. (1998). When Do We Need Procedural Fairness? The Role of Trust in Authority. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 75(6): 1449-1458.
  • Wong, Y.-T., Ngo, H-Y. & Wong, C.-S. (2006) Perceived Organizational Justice, Trust, and OCB: Adalet Study of Chinese Workers in Joint Ventures and State-Owned Enterprises, Journal of World Business, 41: 344-355.
  • Yazır, E. M. H. (trs). Hak Dini Kur’an Dili, III. Cilt. İstanbul: Azim Dağıtım.
  • al-Zebidi, Mohammad Murtada. (1306 h.). al-Tac al-Arus min Javahir al-Qamus, Beirut: Dar Sadir.
  • al-Zemahsheri, Omar b. Mohammad. (1995). al-Qassaf an Haqaiq Qavamid al-Tanzil ve Uyun al-Akavil fi Vucuh al-Tavil. Beirut: Dar al-Marifah.
Toplam 114 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Berrin Güzel 0000-0002-9507-3434

Recep Emin Gül 0000-0002-0976-650X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Haziran 2020
Kabul Tarihi 14 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 2020 Sayı: 43

Kaynak Göster

APA Güzel, B., & Gül, R. E. (2020). Justice from the ummah to the organization: the analysis of the qur’an and sunnah. Bilimname, 2020(43), 95-128. https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.754487
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