Nadir tür Rhamnus depressa (Rhamnaceae) üzerine morfolojik ve anatomik çalışmalar: R. microcarpa’dan farklılıkları

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 232 - 243, 15.12.2020

Özgür Eminağaoğlu , Melahat Özcan , Funda Erşen Bak , Hayal Akyıldırım Beğen , Emrah Yüksel

https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2020.791528

Öz

Artvin’de doğal olarak yayılış gösteren Rhamnus microcarpa’nın yaprak mikromorfolojik özellikleri ile yaprak ve odun anatomik özellikleri bu çalışmada detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. R. depressa ve R. microcarpa'yı ayırt etmek için kullanılabilecek yaprak sapı uzunluğu, yaprak boyutları ve tomurcuk pulu sayısı, tohum ve yaprak damarlarının sayısı, odundaki özışını özellikleri, yaprakta amfistomatik tip stoma, petiolde at nalı şeklindeki vasküler demet, iletim demeti sayısı ve demetin floem kısmındaki sklerenkimatik hücreler gibi morfolojik ve anatomik özelliklerin, epidermisin mikromorfolojik özellikleri kadar önemli olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Özellikle, yaprağın her iki yüzeyinde bulunan (amfistomatik) stoma özelliği yakın ilişkili bu iki türü ayırt etmede oldukça önemlidir ve ayrım için kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rhamnus depressa, Rhamnus depressa, Rhamnus depressa, Rhamnus depressa, anatomy, micromorphology, Artvin, Artvin, Turkey

Destekleyen Kurum

Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Proje Numarası

2016.F10.02.11

Morphological and anatomical studies on a rare species Rhamnus depressa (Rhamnaceae): ıts differences from R. microcarpa

Öz

We focused on the micromorphological and anatomical properties of Rhamnus depressa, in here for the first time. In this study, morphologic-micromorphologic, wood, and leaf characteristics of R. depressa, rare species and known only from the type locality, were described and evaluated comparatively with R. microcarpa. This study reveals several morphological and anatomical characteristics that can be used in differentiating R. depressa and R. microcarpa, i.e petiole length, leaf sizes, and numbers of bud scale, seed, and leaf veins, ray characteristics in wood, amphistomatic stomata, horse shoes vascular bundle in the petiole, one vascular bundle or two vascular bundles with sclerenchymatous cells in phloem part, as well as epidermis micromorphological characteristics. Especially, stomatal characteristic which found both on the two leaf surfaces (amphistomatic) is significantly important and can be used to differentiate these two closely related species.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rhamnus depressa, Rhamnus depressa, anatomy, micromorphology, Artvin, Artvin, Turkey

Proje Numarası

2016.F10.02.11

Kaynakça

• [1] Algan, G. (1981). Bitkisel Dokular İçin Mikroteknik, İstanbul. Fırat University Science Faculty Press (in Turkish).
• [2] Akgün, B., Birtürk, T. & Gerçek, Z. (2010). Wood Anatomy of Rhamnus petiolaris Boiss. and Rhamnus oleoides subsp. graecus (Boiss & Reut.) Holmboe. III. Ulusal Karadeniz Ormancılık Kongresi, 20-22 Mayıs: 1201-1207.
• [3] Akkemik, Ü., Efe, A., Kaya, Z. & Demir, D. (2007). Wood Anatomy of Endemic Rhamnus Species in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. IAWA Journal, Vol 28(3): 301-310.
• [4] Akkemik, Ü., Ok, T., Eminağaoğlu, Ö., Fırat, M. & Aksoy, N. (2014). Rhamnus L. In: Akkemik, Ü. (ed), Türkiye’nin Doğal-Egzotik Ağaç ve Çalıları II, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara, pp: 248-271 (inTurkish).
• [5] Başaran, S. & Yaman, B. (1998). Anatomical and palynological research on Rhamnus thymifolius Bornm. Proc. of Kasnak Oak and the Flora of Turkey, 21-23 September: 346-358.
• [6] Burge, D.O., Erwin, D.M., Islam, M.B., Kellermann, J., Kembel, S.W., Wilken D.H. & Manos, P.S. (2011). Diversification of Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae) in the California Floristic Province. Int J Plant Sci 172: 1137-1164.
• [7] Carlquist, S. (1977). Ecological factors in wood evolution: a floristic approach. Am J Bot, 64, 887-896.
• [8] Carlquist, S. (1988). Comparative Wood Anatomy. Systematic, Ecological, and Evolutionary Aspects of Dicotyledon Wood.1st ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
• [9] Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (eds) (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 10. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
• [10] Davis, P.H. (Ed.) (1965-1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol.1-9, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
• [11] Davis, P.H. & Yaltırık, F. (1967). Rhamnus. In: Davis, P.H. (ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 2, pp. 526-541, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
• [12] Efe, A., Akkemik, Ü. & Kaya, Z. (2005). Akdeniz Bölgesi Endemik Rhamnus Taksonlarının Morfolojik ve Palinolojik Özellikleri. İstanbul üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, A 55 (2): 7-25.
• [13] Eminağaoğlu, Ö., Akyıldırım Beğen, H. & Aksu, G. (2015). Artvin’in Damarlı Bitkilerinin Fotoğrafları. In: Eminağaoğlu, Ö. (ed), Artvin’in Doğal Bitkileri, İstanbul: Promat, pp: 105-430 (in Turkish).
• [14] Eminağaoğlu, Ö., Özcan, M., Erşen Bak, F., Yüksel, E. & Akyıldırım Beğen, H. (2020). Morphological, anatomical and micromorphological characterization of Rhamnus microcarpa (Rhamnaceae). Turk J Biod, 3(1), 1-8.
• [15] Erşen Bak, F. & Merev, N. (2016). Ecological wood anatomy of Fraxinus L. in Turkey (Oleaceae): intraspecific and interspecific variation. Turkish Journal of Botany, 40, 356-372.
• [16] Erşen Bak, F. & Cesur, D. (2020). Wood Anatomy of Some Dwarf Halophyte Shrubs in Turkey: Ecological implication. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin (in Press).
• [17] Fahn, A., Werker, E. & Baas, P. (1986). Wood Anatomy and Identification of Trees and Shrubs from Israel and Adjacent Regions. 1st ed. Jerusalem, Israel: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
• [18] Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds) (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını.
• [19] Hassler, M. (2020). World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World (version Nov 2018). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 25th March 2019 (Roskov, Y., Ower, G., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P.M., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds.). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. ISSN 2405-8858.
• [20] Hauenschild, F., Favre, A., Salazar, G.A. & Muellner-Riehl, A.N. (2019). Analysis of the cosmopolitan buckthorn genera Frangula and Rhamnus s.l. supports the description of a new genus, Ventia. Taxon, 65(1), 65-78.
• [21] Hui, Y.U., Nian-He, X.I.A. & Xiao-Ying, H.U. (2008). Leaf Epidermis Micromorphology of Rhamnaceae in China. Annals of Botany, 101(9), 1341-1348.
• [22] IPNI (2020). International Plant Names Index. Published on the internet. https://www.ipni.org. Downloaded on 10 January 2019.
• [23] IAWA (1989). IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. IAWA Bull, 10: 221-332.
• [24] Ives, E. (2001). A Guide to Wood Microtomy: Making Quality Micro Slides of Wood Sections. Suffolk, UK: Suffolk Offset.
• [25] Jehangir, S., Shinwari, Z.K. & Mahmood, T. (2018). Genetic characterization of selected genera of family Rhamnaceae based on rps 11 gene. Pak J Bot, 50(5), 1935-1939.
• [26] Mantese, A. & Medan, D. (1992). Leaf anatomy and architecture of Retanilla (Rhamnaceae). Darwiniana, 31 (1-4), 253.
• [27] Merev, N. (1998). Odun Anatomisi Cilt I. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki Doğal Angiospermae Taksonlarının Odun Anatomisi. K.T.Ü. Orman Fakültesi, Genel Yayın No: 189, Fakülte Yayın No: 27, K.T.Ü. Matbaası, Trabzon, 621 s.
• [28] Normand, D. (1972). Manuel D’ Identification des Bois Commerciaux. Tom 1, Nogent, Sur/Marne, Paris.
• [29] Ozcan, M., Demiralay, M. & Kahriman, A. (2015). Leaf anatomical notes on Cirsium Miller (Asteraceae, Carduoideae) from Turkey. Plant Syst. Evol., 301, 1995-2012.
• [30] PL (2020). The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/. Downloaded on 10 January 2020.
• [31] Ruzin, S.E. (1999). Plant Microtechnique and Microscopy. 1st ed. NewYork, NY, USA: Oxford University Press.
• [32] Schweingruber, F.H. (1990). Anatomy of European Woods. Verlag Paul Haupt. Bern, Stuttgart, Wien.
• [33] Schweingruber, F.H., Börner, A. & Schulze, E.D. (2011). Atlas of Stem Anatomy in Herbs, Shrubs and Trees. Springer.
• [34] Serdar, B., Coşkunçelebi, K., Terzioğlu, S. & Hampe, A. (2007). Anatomical notes on Turkish Frangula alnus Mill. (Rhamnaceae). Plant Biosystems, 141 (1), 69-74.
• [35] Shisode, S.B. & Patil, D.A. (2011). Petiolar anatomy in some Rhamnaceae. Current Botany 2(9), 22-25.
• [36] Vardar, Y. (1987). Botanikte Preparasyon Teknigi. Izmir, Ege University Science Faculty Press (in Turkish), pp. 1-66.
• [37] Varone, L. & Gratani, L. (2009). Leaf expansion in Rhamnus alaternus L. by leaf morphological, anatomical and physiological analysis. Trees, 23, 1255-1262.