Mısır (Zea mays L.) Fidelerinde Kadmiyum Toksisitesi ile Nitrik Oksit Arasındaki Biyokimyasal İlişkiler

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 376 - 386, 28.06.2019

Songül Çanakcı Gülengül , Didem Deveci Fadime Karabulut

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.459425

Öz

Özet

Bu
çalışmada, 15 günlük mısır (Zea mays
L.) fidelerine, önceden farklı SNP (25 ve 50 µM) konsantrasyonları
uygulandıktan sonra, bu fidelerin farklı kadmiyum (25, 50 ve 75 µM)
konsantrasyonlarına karşı verdiği biyokimyasal cevaplar araştırıldı. Fidelere
yapılan tüm uygulamalar hidrofonik ortamda uygulandı. Cd uygulanan mısır
fidelerinin köklerinde ve yapraklarında SNP ön uygulamasız fidelerde, kontrole
kıyasla okside glutatyon (GSSG) ve redükte glutatyon (GSH) miktarlarında artma
ve SNP ön uygulamalı fidelerde ise azalma tespit edildi. Fidelere uygulanan
kadmiyum konsantrasyonları arttıkça, hem SNP ön uygulamasız, hem de SNP ön
uygulamalı fidelerde kontrol grubu fidelerine kıyasla 16:0 yapraklarda ve
köklerde artmıştır. Tek başına SNP uygulamalarında, 16:0 üzerinde kontrole
kıyasla, 50 µM SNP daha az bulunmuştur. Cd uygulamaları ile SNP ön uygulamasız
ve SNP ön uygulamalı fidelerde 16:1 yapraklarda genel olarak artarken, bazı konsantrasyonlarda
SNP ön uygulamasıyla bu artış hafifletilmiştir. Cd uygulamaları ile SNP ön
uygulamasız ve SNP ön uygulamalı fidelerde 18:0 köklerde ve 18:2 kök ve
yapraklarda artmıştır. Cd uygulamaları ile SNP ön uygulamasız fidelerde 18:3
yaprakta azalırken; SNP ön uygulamalı bazı fidelerde ise 18:3 miktarı
yapraklarda artmıştır. Genel olarak 50 µM SNP ön uygulamasının Cd toksisitesini
baskılama da 25 µM SNP’ den daha başarılı bulundu.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mısır (Zea mays L.), Nitrik oksit, Kadmiyum toksisitesi

Kaynakça

• Kaynaklar
• 1. Ruis-Jiménez J., Luque-Garcia J.L., Luque de Castro M.D. 2003. Dynamic ultrasound-assisted extraction of cadmium and lead from plants prior to electrothermal atomic absoption spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 480: 231-237.2. Ayhan B. 2006. Mısır (Zea mays L.)’ın Bazı Çeşitlerinde Ağır Metal (Cd, Pb) Stresinin Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara. 3. Öktüren Asri F., Sönmez S., Çıtak S. 2007. Kadmiyumun çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri, Dergi Park Akademik, 24- 1, 32 – 39.4. Durner J., Klessig D.F. 1999. Nitric Oxide as a Signal in Plants, Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2: 369-374.5. Neill S.J., Desikan R., Clarke A., Hancock J.T. 2002a. Nitric Oxide is a Novel Component of Absisic Acid Signalling in Stomatal Guard Cell, Plant Physiology, 128: 13-16.6. Okçu M., Tozlu E., Kumlay A.M., Pehluvan M. 2009. Alınteri Dergisi, 17 (B), 14- 26, ISSN: 1307-3311.7. Hamutoğlu R., Dinçsoy A.B., Cansaran-Duman D., Aras S. 2012. Biyosorpsiyon, adsorpsiyon ve fitoremediasyon yöntemleri ve uygulamaları, Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 69 (4): 235- 253.8. Sümer A., Adiloğlu S., Çetinkaya O., Adiloğlu A., Sungur A., Akbulak C. 2013. Karamenderes Havzası Topraklarında Bazı Ağır Metallerin (Cr, Ni, Pb) Kirliliğinin Araştırılması, Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10 (1).9. Prasad M.N.V., Malec P., Waloszek A., Bojko M., Strzaka K. 2001. Physiological responses of Lemna trisulca L. (duckweed) to cadmium and copper bioaccumulation, Plant Sci., 161: 881-889.10. Hall, J. L. 2002. Cellular meschanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance, J. Exp. Bot., 53: 1-11. 11. Verma S., Dubey R.S. 2003. Lead toxicity induces lipid peroxidation and alters the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plants, Plant Sci., 164: 645- 655.12. Zacchini M., Rea E., Tullio M., Agazio M. 2003. Increased antioxidative capacity in maize calli during and after oxidative stress induced by a long lead treatment, Plant Physiol. Bioch.,41: 49-54.13. Benavides M.P., Gallego S.M., Tomaro M. L. 2005. Cadmium toxicity in plants, Braz. J. Plant Physiol., 17 (1), 21-34.14. Dong N., Lib Y., Qia J., Chena Y., Haoa Y. 2018. Nitric oxide synthase-dependent nitric oxide production enhances chilling tolerance of walnut shoots in vitro via involvement chlorophyll fluorescence and other physiological parameter levels, Scientia Horticulturae, 230, 68–77.15. Nahar K., Hasanuzzaman M., Alam Md. M., Rahman A., Suzuki T., Fujita M. 2016. Polyamine and nitricoxide cross talk: Antagonistic effects on cadmium toxicity in mung bean plants through upregulating the metal detoxification, antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification systems. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 126, 245–255.16. Kopyra M., Chudzinska E., Pawlacyzle E.M., Gwozdz E.A. 2005. Nitric oxide diminishees the inhibitory effect of heavy metals an cell divisions in roots of Lupinus luteus. Biological lett. 42 (2): 18.17. Xiu-Lan C., Jun-Yu H., Yan-Fang R., Bo C., Hui C. 2012. Effect of nitroprusside on seed germination and seedling physiological characteristics of rice under cadmium stress, Journal of Hunan Agricultural University (Natural Sciences), 01.18. Zhao X., Chen L., Rehmani M.A., Wang Q., Wang S., Hou P., Li G., Ding Y. 2013. Effect of Nitric Oxide on Alleviating Cadmium Toxicity in Rice (Oryza sativa L.), Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 12 (9): 1540-1550.19. Laspina N.V., Groppa M.D., Tomaro M.L., Benavides M.P. 2005. Nitric oxide protects sunflower leaves against Cd-induced oxidative stress, Plant Science, 168 (7), 252-260.20. Shi H., Ye T., Chan Z. 2014. Nitric oxide-activated hydrogen sulfide is essential for cadmium stress response in bermudagras (Cynodon dactylon (L.). Pers.), Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 74: 99-107.21. Lόpez-Orenes A., Martínez-Pérez A., Calderόn A.A., Ferrer A. 2014. Pb- induced responses in Zygophyllum fabago plants are organ-dependent and modulated by salicylic acid, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 84, 57-66.22. Shi Q., Zhu Z. 2008. Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on manganese toxicity, element contents and antioxidative systemin cucumber, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 63, 317-326.23. Zawoznik M.S., Groppa M.D., Tomaro M., Benavides M.P. 2007. Endogenous salicylic acid potentiates cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana, Plant Science, 173, 190-197. 24. Romero-Puertas M.C., Corpas F.J., Rodríguez-Serrano Gόmez M., del Rio L.A., Sandalio L.M. 2007. Differential expression and regulation of antioxidative enzymes by cadmium in pea plants, Journal of Plant Physiology, 164, 1346-1357.25. Lin R., Wang X., Luo Y., Du W., Guo H., Yin D. 2007. Effects of soil cadmium on growth, oxidative stress and antioxidant system in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.), Chemosphere, 69, 89-98.26. Yilmaz O., Keser S., Tuzcu M., Guvenc M., Cetintas B., Irtegun S., Tastan H., Sahin K. 2009. A Practical HPLC Method to Measure Reduced (GSH) and Oxidized (GSSG) Glutathione Concentrations in Animal Tissues, Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8(2), 343-347.27. Christie WW. 1990. Gas Chromatography and Lipids. The Oily Pres: Glasgow, 302.28. Hara A., Radin N.S. 1978. Lipid extraction of tissues with low-toxicity soluent. Anal.Biochem., 90 (1), 420-426.29. Hatata M.M., Abdel-Aal E.A. 2008.Oxidative stres and Antioxidant Defense Mechanismis in Respense to Cadmium Treatments. American-Eurasion J.Agric.&Environ. Sci, 416: 655-669.30. Guo B., Liang Y., Zhu Y. 2009. Does salicylic acid regulate antioxidant defense system, cell death, cadmium uptake and partitioning to acquire cadmium tolerance in rice, Journal of Plant Physiology,166: 20-31.31. Yılmaz D.D., Parlak U.K. 2011. Changes in proline accumulation and antioxidative enzyme activities in Groenlandia densa under cadmium stress, Ecological Indicators, 11, 417–423.32. Singh H.P., Batish D.R., Kaur G., Arora K., Kohli K.R. 2008. Nitric oxide (as Sodium Nitroprusside) suplementation ameliorates Cd toxicity in hydroponically grown wheat roots, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 63: 158-167.33. He J., Ren Y., Chen X., Chen H. 2014. Protective roles of nitric oxide on seed germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under cadmium stress, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 108, 114-119.34. Srivastava S., Mishra S., Tripathi R.D., Dwivedi S., Gupta D.K. 2006. Copper- induced oxidative stress and responses of antioxidants and phytochelatins in Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) royle, Aquatic Toxicology, 80, 405-415.35. Liu Y., Wang X., Zeng G., Qu D., Gu J., Zhou M., Chai L. 2007. Cadmium- induced oxidative stress and response of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in Bechmeria nivea (L.) gaud, Chemosphere, 69, 99-107.36. Benmously-Mlika R., Fenniche S., Marrak H., Jannet S.B., Ammar F.B., Mokhtar I. 2005. F5-Nodules pseudoxanthomateux révélant une goutte, Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, 132 (3), 282.37. Nouairi I., Ghnaya T., Youssef N.B., Zarrouk M., Ghaorbel H.M. 2005. Changes in content and fatty acid profiles of total lipids of two halophytes: Sesuvium portulacastrum and Mesembryanthemum crystailinum under cadmium stress, Journal of Plant Physiology, 163 (11), 1198-1202.38. Quariti O., Boussama N., Cherif A., Ghorbal M.H. 1997. Cadmium and Copper Induced Changes In Tomato Membrane Lipids Phytochemistry, Vol. 45, No: 7, pp. 1343-1350.39. Ivanova A., Krantev A., Stoynova Z. H., Popova L. 2008. Cadmium-Induced changes in maize leaves and the protective role of salicylic acid. Gen. Appl. Plant Physiology, Special Issue, 34, 149-158.40. Belkhadi A., Hediji H., Abbes Z., Nouairi I., Barhoumi Z., Zarrouk M., Chaibi W., Djebali W. 2010. Effects of exogenous salicylic acid pre-treatment on cadmium toxicity and leaf lipid content in Linum usitatissimum L., Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,73: 1004–101.41. Popova L.P., Maslenkova L.T., Yordanova R.Y., Ivanova A.P., Krantev A.P., Szalai G., Janda T. 2009. Exogenous treatment with salicylic acid attenuates cadmium toxicity in pea seedlings, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 47: 224–231.