Species Delimitation of Some Melanargia Species (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) in The Southeastern Anatolia Region Based On The mtCOI Gene

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 474 - 481, 29.06.2024

Hikmet Bayraktutan Sibel Kızıldağ

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1432493

Öz

Among the Palearctic species, butterflies of the genus Melanargia are known for their black and white wing patterns. The morphological character polarization of this genus is full of varying combinations of subgenus, species complex, and subspecies status. Its taxonomy is open to debate, especially in species and subspecies categories, with definitions mostly based on wing color. In recent years, cryptic species, phenotypically masked species, and species with intense intraspecific variation have been identified through the determination of lineages under the leadership of molecular systematics. The mtCOI gene, which is especially described as a species signature, is an important DNA barcode used for Lepidoptera.
In the presented study, the mtCOI gene sequence of the populations of Melanargia larissa, M.grumi, M.hylata, M.syriaca, and M.russiae species in the southeastern Anatolia region was determined for the first time. To determine the boundaries of these species, gene characterization and genetic distances were carried out according to the Kimura-2 Parameter, and putative species analyses were carried out by the ABGD method. Trees were constructed with Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference algorithms to determine the phylogenetic relationships between species of the genus. In light of these analyses, it has been shown that the genetic distance of morphological species M. larissa, M. grumi, M.hylata, and M. syriaca is not at the species level and that M.larissa maintains its species status according to the principle of priority. In addition, the M.russiae population presented in this study forms a monophyletic clade with other populations of the same species in the phylogenetic tree, proving that this taxon is a stable species.

Anahtar Kelimeler

DNA barcoding, Melanargia, mtCOI gene, Species delimitation, Systematics.

Kaynakça

• [1] J. C. Habel, R. Vila, M. Husemann, T. Schmitt and L. Dapporto, “Differentiation in the marbled white butterfly species complex driven by multiple evolutionary forces”, J. Biogeogr., pp. 1-13, 2016, doi:10.1111/jbi.12868
• [2] A. Ö. Koçak, M. Kemal, “Çatak butterflies with faunal, taxonomical and zoogeographical notes (Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea, Lepidoptera)”. Misc. Pap., vol. 138, pp. 82-85, 2002.
• [3] C. Peña, , S. Nylin, A. V. L. Freitas, & N. Wahlberg, “Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)”. Zool. Scr., vol. 39, pp. 243-258, 2010.
• [4] V. Nazari, W. Hagen, G. C. Bozano, “Molecular systematics and phylogeny of the ‘Marbled Whites’ (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Melanargia Meigen)”. Syst. Entomol., vol. 35, pp. 132-147, 2010, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00493.x.
• [5] F. Carbonell, A. Naderi, “Melanargia sadjadii n. sp., du nord de l’Iran (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)”. Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr., vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 465-468, 2006,
• [6] P. D. Hebert, M. Y. Stoeckle, T. S. Zemlak and Francis C. M., “Identification of birds through DNA barcodes”. PLoS Biol., vol. 2, e312, 2004.
• [7] M. Bai, X. Qing2, K. Qiao, X. Ning, S. Xiao, X. Cheng and G. Liu. “Mitochondrial COI gene is valid to delimitate Tylenchidae (Nematoda: Tylenchomorpha) species”. J Nematol., vol. 52, e2020-38. 2020.
• [8] L. M. Nneji, A. C. Adeola, A. O. Ayoola, S. O. Oladipo, Y. Wang, Y. D. Malann, O. Anyaele, I. C. Nneji, M. Rahman, C. S. Olory. “DNA barcoding and species delimitation of butterflies (Lepidoptera) from Nigeria”. Mol. Biol. Rep., vol. 47, pp. 9441-9457. 2020.
• [9] A. Ö. Koçak, “A new subspecies of Melanargia larissa from Turkey (Lepidoptera: Satyridae)”. Atalanta, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 40-41, 1976.
• [10] A. Ö. Koçak, “New lepidoptera from Turkey V”. Atalanta, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 126-147, 1977.
• [11] S. Wagener, “Zwei neue Melanargia formen aus Anatolian”. Atalanta, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 247-299, 1983.
• [12] S. Wagener, “Zur Taxonomie, Nomenklatur und verbreitung von Melanargia titea (Klug, 1832) (Lepidoptera:Satyridae)”. Nota Lepid., vol. 6, no. 2/3, pp. 175-188, 1983.
• [13] A. Ö. Koçak, M. Kemal, “A synonymous and distributional list of the species of the Lepidoptera of Turkey”. Memoirs., vol. 8, pp. 1-487, 2018.
• [14] A. Ö. Koçak, M. Kemal, “First updated geographical codes used in the publications of the Cesa”. Priamus, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 319-360, 2019.
• [15] M. Kemal, İ. Yıldız, S. Kızıldağ, H. Uçak and A. Ö. Koçak, “Taxonomical and molecular evaluation of Apochima agassiz in East Turkey, with a description of a new genus (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae)”. Misc. Pap., vol. 169, pp. 1-13, 2018.
• [16] Anonymous, “Barcode Of Life Data System (BoldSystems)”. [Online]. Available: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php. [Accessed: Jan. 9, 2024].
• [17] Anonymous. “National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)”. [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/?term=Melanargia+COI. [Accessed: Jan. 9, 2024].
• [18] M. Kimura, “A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences”. J. Mol. Evol., vol. 16, pp. 111-120, 1980.
• [19] A. Stamatakis, “RAxML Version 8: A tool for Phylogenetic Analysis and Post-Analysis of Large Phylogenies”. Bioinform., vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 1312–1313, 2014, doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033.
• [20] D. Posada, “jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging”. Mol. Biol. Evol., vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1253-6, 2008, doi: 10.1093/molbev/msn083.
• [21] T. Lecocq, N. J. Vereecken, D. Michez, S. Dellicour, P. Lhomme, Patterns of Genetic and Reproductive Traits Differentiation in Mainland vs. Corsican Populations of Bumblebees. Plos one, vol. 8, no. 6, e65642. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065642. 2013.
• [22] F. Ronquist, J. P. Huelsenbeck, “MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models”. Bioinform., vol. 19, pp. 1572-1574. 2003,doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180.
• [23] Anonymous.“Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD)”. [Online]. Available: https://bioinfo.mnhn.fr/abi/public/abgd/abgdweb.html. [Accessed: Jan. 21, 2024].