Tag: A Blockchain Inspired Data Structure

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 20 - 33, 30.04.2023

Alpay Doruk , Savaş Takan , Fatih Soygazi , Zeynep Demirtaş , Elnur Akkurt

https://doi.org/10.46387/bjesr.1213651

Öz

In this study, the data structure of the blockchain is discussed from a software engineering perspective. The traceable, immutable, and provable nature of the data structure of the blockchain is among the issues to be dealt with in terms of software engineering. However, it is difficult to use in software development because the conventional data structures used in blockchain are intertwined with other blockchain-based technologies. In this article, the data structure is separated from blockchain technologies and made accessible to software engineers for various purposes. In doing so, numerous software engineering problems related to the blockchain data structure have been addressed and solutions developed. The proposed data structure has been validated and evaluated by comparing it with the traditional blockchain data structure. It is observed that the time/space complexity of our proposed data structure reduces on a logarithmic scale.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Veri yapısı, Blokzinciri, Yazılım Mühendisliği, Değişmezlik, Güvenilirlik., Data Structure, Blockchain, Software Engineering, Modifiability, Reliability

Tag: Blokzincirinden Esinlenilen Veri Yapısı

Öz

Bu çalışmada blokzincirinin veri yapısı yazılım mühendisliği bakış açısından ele alınmaktadır. Blokzincirinin veri yapısının izlenebilir, değiştirilemez ve kanıtlanabilir doğası, yazılım mühendisliği açısından ilgilenilecek konular arasında görülmektedir. Ancak blokzincirinde kullanılan geleneksel veri yapıları diğer blockzincir tabanlı teknolojilerle iç içe olduğu için yazılım geliştirmede kullanımı zordur. Bu makalede, veri yapısı blokzinciri teknolojilerinden ayrılmış ve yazılım mühendisleri için farklı amaçlar doğrultusunda kullanılabilir hale getirilmiştir. Bunu yaparken, blokzinciri veri yapısıyla ilgili çok sayıda yazılım mühendisliği sorunu ele alınmış ve çözümler geliştirilmiştir. Önerilen veri yapısı, geleneksel blokzinciri veri yapısı ile karşılaştırılarak doğrulanmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Önerilen veri yapısının zaman ve uzay karmaşıklığının blokzincirindeki veri seviyesindeki mekanizmalara göre logaritmik bir ölçekte azaltma sağladığı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Veri yapısı, Blokzinciri, Yazılım Mühendisliği, Değişmezlik, Güvenilirlik., Data Structure, Blockchain, Software Engineering, Modifiability, Reliability

Kaynakça

• N. El Madhoun, J. Hatin, and E. Bertin “Going beyond the blockchain hype: In which cases are blockchains useful for its applications”, 3rd Cyber Security in Networking Conference (CSNet), IEEE, pp. 21-27, 2019.
• M. Belotti, N. Božić, G. Pujolle, and S. Secci “A vademecum on blockchain technologies: When, which, and how”, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 21 no. 4, pp. 3796-3838, 2019.
• P. P. Ray, D. Dash, K. Salah, and N. Kumar “Blockchain for IoT-based healthcare: background, consensus, platforms, and use cases”, IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 85-94, 2020.
• O. Ali, A. Jaradat, A. Kulakli, and A. Abuhalimeh “A comparative study: Blockchain technology utilization benefits, challenges and functionalities”, IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 12730-12749, 2021.
• Y. Liu, X. Ma, L. Shu, G.P. Hancke, and A.M. Abu-Mahfouz “From Industry 4.0 to Agriculture 4.0: Current status, enabling technologies, and research challenges”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 4322-4334, 2020.
• P. Bhattacharya, S. Tanwar, U. Bodkhe, S. Tyagi, and N. Kumar, “Bindaas: Blockchain-based deep-learning as-a-service in healthcare 4.0 applications”, IEEE transactions on network science and engineering, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1242-1255, 2019.
• M.B. Mollah, J. Zhao, D. Niyato, Y.L. Guan, C. Yuen, S. Sun, ... and L.H. Koh “Blockchain for the internet of vehicles towards intelligent transportation systems: A survey”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 4157-4185, 2020.
• J. Bao, D. He, M. Luo, and K. K. R. Choo “A survey of blockchain applications in the energy sector”, IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 3370-3381, 2020.
• M. Di Pierro “What is the blockchain?”, Computing in Science and Engineering, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 92-95, 2017.
• T. Ahram, A. Sargolzaei, S. Sargolzaei, J. Daniels, and B. Amaba “Blockchain technology innovations”, IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON), IEEE, pp. 137-141, 2017.
• V. Gatteschi, F. Lamberti, C. Demartini, C. Pranteda, and V. Santamaria “To blockchain or not to blockchain: That is the question”, IT Professional, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 62-74, 2018.
• R.C. Merkle “Secrecy, authentication, and public key systems”. Stanford University, 1979.
• N. Christofides “Graph theory: An algorithmic approach (Computer science and applied mathematics)”, Academic Press, Inc, 1975.
• J. Golosova, and A. Romanovs “The advantages and disadvantages of the blockchain technology”. IEEE 6th workshop on advances in information, electronic and electrical engineering (AIEEE), IEEE, pp. 1-6, 2018.
• A. Chauhan, O.P. Malviya, M. Verma, and T.S. Mor “Blockchain and scalability”, IEEE International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security Companion (QRS-C), IEEE, pp. 122-128, 2018.
• Q. Zhou, H. Huang, Z. Zheng, and J. Bian “Solutions to scalability of blockchain: A survey”, IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 16440-16455, 2020.
• J. Wielemaker, Z. Huang, and L. Van Der Meij “SWI-Prolog and the web”, Theory and practice of logic programming, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 363-392, 2008.
• R. Mizoguchi, and K. Kozaki “Ontology engineering environments”, Handbook on Ontologies, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 315-336, 2009.
• I. Konstantinidis, G. Siaminos, C. Timplalexis, P. Zervas, V. Peristeras, and S. Decker “Blockchain for business applications: A systematic literature review”, International Conference on Business Information Systems, Springer, Cham., pp. 384-399, 2018
• C.G. Akcora, Y. R. Gel, and M. Kantarcioglu “Blockchain networks: Data structures of Bitcoin, Monero, Zcash, Ethereum, Ripple, and Iota”, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 12, no. 1, e1436, 2022.
• H. Pervez, M. Muneeb, M.U. Irfan, and I. U. Haq “A comparative analysis of DAG-based blockchain architectures”, 12th International conference on open source systems and technologies (ICOSST), IEEE, pp. 27-34, 2018.
• D. Przytarski “Using Triples as the Data Model for Blockchain Systems”, BlockSW/CKG@ ISWC, 2019.
• D. Przytarski, C. Stach, C. Gritti, and B. Mitschang “Query Processing in Blockchain Systems: Current State and Future Challenges”, Future Internet, vol. 14, no. 1, 2021.
• J. Eberhardt, and S. Tai “On or Off the Blockchain”, Insights on off-chaining computation and data, European Conference on Service-Oriented and Cloud Computing, Springer, Cham, pp. 3-15, 2017.
• V. Buterin “A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform”, White Paper, vol. 3, no. 37, pp. 2-1, 2014.
• D. Schwartz, N. Youngs, and A. Britto “The ripple protocol consensus algorithm”, Ripple Labs Inc White Paper, vol. 5, no. 8, p. 151, 2014.
• L.M. Goodman “Tezos—a self-amending crypto-ledger”, White paper. URL: https://www.tezos.com/static/papers/white paper. 2014.
• D. Voell, F.L.N., Gaski, R. Jagadeesan, R. Khasanshyn, H. Montgomery, S. Teis, ... and M. Bowman “Hyperledger whitepaper”, Published:https://wiki.hyperledger. org/groups/whitepaper/whitepaper-wg, 2016.
• D. Mazieres “The stellar consensus protocol: A federated model for internet-level consensus”, Stellar Development Foundation, vol. 32, pp. 1-45, 2015.
• L. Baird, M. Harmon, and P. Madsen “Hedera: A governing council and public hashgraph network”, The trust layer of the internet, whitepaper, vol. 1, pp. 1-97, 2018.
• S. Popov “The tangle”, White paper, vol. 1, no. 3, 2018.