SERVICE SECTOR EVOLUTION IN ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND ITS IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 02 Sayı: 03, 302 - 318, 06.01.2025

Eser Çapık , Murat Ali Dulupçu

https://doi.org/10.61138/bolgeselkalkinmadergisi.1569154

Öz

In the last century, the world economy has witnessed great changes with the increasing importance of the service sector. The understanding of the economic value of the service sector has been shaped in different periods with the development of economic thought. This study analyses the evolution of the service sector from its role in production processes after the industrial revolution to its place in modern development economics. It also analyses the evolution of the service sector from being considered as a secondary field of activity to its transformation into a fundamental building block of modern economies. In this process, it is aimed to contribute to the existing literature by presenting approaches to the strategic role of the service sector in economic growth and development in a theoretical framework. While linking the historical development of the service sector with economic thought, the study aims to analyse its role in modern development economics in detail.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Service Sector, History of Economic Thought, Economic Development

İKTİSADİ DÜŞÜNCEDE HİZMET SEKTÖRÜNÜN EVRİMİ VE KALKINMA DİNAMİKLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Öz

Son yüzyılda dünya ekonomisi, hizmet sektörünün öneminin giderek artmasıyla büyük değişimlere sahne olmuştur. Hizmet sektörünün ekonomik değerinin kavranışı, iktisadi düşüncenin gelişimiyle birlikte farklı dönemlerde şekillenmiştir. Bu çalışma, Sanayi Devrimi sonrası hizmet sektörünün üretim süreçlerindeki rolünden başlayarak, modern kalkınma iktisadındaki yerine kadar olan evrimini ele almaktadır. Ayrıca, hizmet sektörünün ikincil bir faaliyet alanı olarak değerlendirilmesinden, modern ekonomilerin temel yapı taşına dönüşmesine kadar geçen süreci incelenmiştir. Bu süreçte, hizmet sektörünün ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmadaki stratejik rolüne dair yaklaşımlar, kuramsal bir çerçevede sunularak mevcut literatüre katkı sağlanması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma, hizmet sektörünün tarihsel gelişimini iktisadi düşünceyle ilişkilendirirken, modern kalkınma iktisadındaki rolünü detaylı bir şekilde analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hizmet Sektörü, İktisat Düşünce Tarihi, Ekonomik Kalkınma

Kaynakça

• Ajmair, M., and Ahmed. U. (2011). Services Sector Reforms in Pakistan-Impacts and Implications. European Journal of Scientific Research, 65 (3), 329-341.
• Akehurst, G. (2008). What Do We Really Know About Services? Service Business, 2 (1), 1-15.
• Baumol, W. J. (1967). Macroeconomics of Unbalanced Growth: The Anatomy of Urban Crisis. The American Economic Review, 57 (3), 415-426.
• Beaven, M. H., and Scotti, D. J. (1990). Service-oriented Thinking and Its Implications for the Marketing Mix. Journal of Services Marketing, 4 (4), 5-19.
• Berry, L. (1995). Relationship Marketing of Services-Growing Interest, Emerging Perspectives. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23, 236-245.
• Bishop, P. (2009). Spatial Spillovers and Employment Growth in the Service Sector. The Service Industries Journal, 29 (6), 791-803.
• Blois, K. J. (1983). Service Marketing-Assertion or Asset? The Service Industries Journal, 3 (2), 113-120.
• Blum, B. S. (2008). Trade, Technology and the Rise of the Service Sector: The Effects on US Wage Inequality. Journal of International Economics, 74 (2), 441-458.
• Bolling, S. (2022). “What Is Engel’s Law? The Balance”, https:// www.thebalancemoney.com/what-is-engels-law- 5212579, (Erişim tarihi: 03.06.2023).
• Bowden, B. (2020). Economic Foundations: Adam Smith and the Classical School of Economics. The Palgrave Handbook of Management History, 345-365.
• Breitenfellner, A., and Hildebrandt, A. (2006). High Employment with Low Productivity? The Service Sector as a Determinant of Economic Development. Monetary Policy and the Economy, 1, 110-135.
• Brewer, A., and Pasinetti, L. L. (1994). Structural Economic Dynamics: A Theory of the Economic Consequences of Human Learning. The Economic Journal, 104 (425), 954.
• Buera, F. J., and Kaboski, J. P. (2012). The Rise of the Service Economy. American Economic Review, 102 (6), 2540-2569.
• Castells, M., and Aoyama, Y. (1994). Paths Towards the Informational Society: Employment Structure in G-7 Countries, 1920-90. International Labour Review, 133, 5.
• Charles, B. (2018). “Industry Renaissance. Dassault Systèmes”, https://ifwe.3ds.com/industry-renaissance, (Erişim tarihi: 12.10.2024)
• Chenery, H. B. (1960). Patterns of Industrial Growth. The American Economic Review, 50 (4), 624-654.
• Cheng, D. (2013). The Development of the Service Industry in the Modern Economy: Mechanisms and Implications for China. China Finance and Economic Review, 1, 1-12.
• Clark, C. (1941). The Conditions of Economic Progress. The Economic Journal, 51 (201).
• Das, L., and Raut, R. (2014). Impact of Changes in Service Sector in India in Shaping the Future of Business and Society. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11, 795-803.
• De Yong, R. A. (1994). Physiocracy: A Viewpoint of the Role of Agricultural Production in a Macroeconomic System, Master’s Thesis, University of Montana.
• Delaney, J. T., Jarley, P., and Fiorito, J. (1996). Planning For Change: Determinants of Innovation in U.S. National Unions. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 49 (4), 597-614.
• Delaunay, J. C., and Gadrey, J. (1992). Services in Economic Thought (C. 3). Netherlands: Springer.
• Duarte, M., and Restuccia, D. (2010). The Role of the Structural Transformation in Aggregate Productivity. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 125 (1), 129-173.
• Dünya Bankası (2024). “Dünya Gelişmişlik Göstergeleri”, https:// databank.worldbank.org/source/world-developmentindicators, (Erişim tarihi: 10.09.2024).
• Edgett, S., and Parkinson, S. (1993). Marketing for Service Industries-A Review. Service Industries Journal, 13 (3), 19-39.
• Edvardsson, B., Gustafsson, A., and Roos, I. (2005). Service Portraits in Service Research: A Critical Review. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 16 (1), 107-121.
• Eichengreen, B., and Gupta, P. (2013). Exports of Services: Indian Experience in Perspective. Indian Growth and Development Review, 6 (1), 35-60.
• Eschenbach, F., and Hoekman, B. (2006). Services Policy Reform and Economic Growth in Transition Economies. Review of World Economics, 142 (4), 746-764.
• Fisher, A. G. (1939). Production, Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. Economic Record, 15 (1), 24-38.
• Freeman, R. B. (1995). Are Your Wages Set in Beijing? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9 (3), 15-32.
• Fourastié, J. (1949). Le Grand Espoir du XXe Siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. Reprinted as Moderne Techniek en Economische Ontwikkeling in 1965 Amsterdam: Het Spectrum.
• Fuchs, V. R. (1980). “Economic Growth and the Rise of Service Employment (June 1980), NBER Working Paper No. w0486”, https://ssrn.com/abstract=262708, (Erişim tarihi:10.12.2022).
• Ghani, E., and Kharas, H. (2010). The Service Revolution. World Bank Publications Reports 10187, Washington DC: The World Bank Group.
• Griliches, Z. (1992). Introduction to “Output Measurement in the Service Sectors”. In Output Measurement in the Service Sectors. University of Chicago Press, 1-22.
• Ginzberg, E., and Vojta, G. J. (1981). The Service Sector of the US Economy. Scientific American, 244 (3), 48-55.
• Glasmeier, A., and Howland, M. (1993). Service-led Rural Development: Definitions, Theories, and Empirical Evidence. International Regional Science Review, 16 (1-2), 197-229.
• Grubel, H., and Walker, M. (1989). Service Industry Growth: Causes and Effects. Canada: Fraser Institute.
• Guerrieri, P., and Meliciani, V. (2005). Technology and International Competitiveness: The Interdependence Between Manufacturing and Producer Services. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 16 (4), 489-502.
• Heckscher, E. F. (1994). Mercantilism. Lars Magnusson (Ed.), New York: Routledge.
• Jose Madeira Silva, M., Simoes, J., Sousa, G., Moreira, J., and Wagner Mainardes, E. (2014). Determinants of Innovation Capacity: Empirical Evidence from Services Firms. Innovation, 16 (3), 404-416.
• Kabeta, Z. E., and Sidhu, I. S. (2016). Service Sector: The Source of Output and Employment Growth in Ethiopia. Academic Journal of Economic Studies, 2 (4), 139-156.
• Kılıç, E. (2020). “Hizmet sektörünün çökmesi, Türkiye’nin çökmesine neden olmasın”, Son Söz Gazetesi, https://sonsoz. com.tr/hizmet-sektorunun-cokmesiturkiyenin-cokmesineneden-olmasin, (Erişim tarihi: 15.09.2023).
• Kim, H. J. (2006). The Shift to the Service Economy: Causes and Effects. Institute for Monetary and Economic Research, 7 (7), 1-49.
• Kuźnar, A. (2016). Value Creation in the Service Economy. Warszawa: School of Economics. LaHaye, L. (2011). “Mercantilism”, Econlib, https://www. econlib.org/library/Enc/Mercantilism.html, (Erişim tarihi: 27.11.2023).
• Lashmi, P., and Kumar, S. (2012). Economic Growth and Impact of Service’s Sector in India. International Journal of Business Management & Economic Research, 3 (5).
• Lazzari, Z. (2019). “What are the Causes of Rapid Growth in the Service Industry”, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/causesrapid-growth-service-industry-16007.html, (Erişim tarihi: 01.01.2022).
• Liebenstein, H. (1957). Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth. New York: Wiley and Sons Inc
• Marshall, A. (2013). Principles of Economics (8th Edition). Palgrave Macmillan
• Marx, K. [1968] (2002). Theories of Surplus Value. In Business Cycle Theory, Part I Volume 1. Routledge, 133-170.
• McLachlan, R., Clark, C., and Monday, I. (2002). Australia’s Service Sector: A Study in Diversity. Productivity Commission Staff Research Paper, Ausinfo, Canberra, 1701.
• Melvin, J. R. (1989). Trade in Producer Services: A HeckscherOhlin Approach. Journal of Political Economy, 97 (5).
• Melvin, J. R. (1995). History and Measurement in the Service Sector. The Review of Income and Wealth, 41 (4), 373-501.
• Mill, J. S. (2004). Principles of Political Economy with Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy. Stephen Nathanson (Ed.), Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company.
• Moeller, S. (2010). Characteristics of Services – A New Approach Uncovers Their Value. Journal of Services Marketing, 24 (5), 359-368.
• Mujahid, H., and Alam, S. (2014). Service Sector as an Engine of Growth: Empirical Analysis of Pakistan. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 4 (3), 377-386.
• Owusu, S., Szirmai, A., and Foster-McGregor, N. (2021). In the Global Economy. New Perspectives on Structural Change: Causes and Consequences of Structural Change in the Global Economy, 270.
• Park, D., and Shin, K. (2012). The Service Sector in Asia: Is It an Engine of Growth? Asian Development Bank Economics Working Paper Series No. 322. Mandaluyong City: Asian Development Bank.
• Pattanaik, F., and Nayak, N. C. (2011). Employment Intensity of Service Sector in India: Trend and Determinants. 2010 International Conference on Business and Economics Research, 1, 62-66.
• Pflüger, M., and Tabuchi, T. (2014). Services, Comparative Advantage and Agglomeration of Economic Activity: A Ricardo-Marshall Model. 54th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: Regional Development & Globalisation: Best Practices, European Regional Science Association (ERSA), Louvain-la-Neuve, 1-13.
• Ricardo, D., Sraffa, P., and Dobb, M. (2004). The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo. Piero Sraffa with collaboration M.H. Dobb (Ed.), Liberty Fund, United States of America.
• Rothbard, M. N. (2010).“Physiocracy and Free Trade in 18thCentury France”, Mises Institute, https://mises.org/library/ physiocracy-and-free-trade-18th-century-france, (Erişim tarihi: 28.10.2020).
• Rowthorn, R. E., and Ramaswamy, R. (1997). Deindustrialization: Causes and Implications, International Monetary Fund Working Paper No. 97/42.
• Salam, M., Iqbal, J., Hussain, A., and Iqbal, H. (2018). The Determinants of Services Sector Growth: A Comparative Analysis of Selected Developed and Developing Economies. The Pakistan Development Review, 57 (1), 27-44.
• Say, J. B. (1871). A Treatise on Political Economy; Or the Production, Distribution and Consumption of Wealth. New York: Augustus M. Kelley Publishers.
• Schettkat, R. (2007). The Astonishing Regularity of Service Employment Expansion. Metroeconomica, 58 (3), 413-435.
• Schettkat, R., and Yocarini, L. (2006). The Shift to Services Employment: A Review of the Literature. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 17 (2), 127-147.
• Schumpeter, J. (1939). Business Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process. New York Toronto London: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
• Schumpeter, J. A. [1934] (2008). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest and the Business Cycle. Translated from the German by Redvers Opie, New Brunswick (U.S.A) and London (U.K.): Transaction Publishers.
• Shanmugam, V., and Latha, C. (2014). Growth of Service Sector in India. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19 (1), 08-12.
• Singh, M., and Kaur, K. (2014). India’s Services Sector and its Determinants: An Empirical Investigation. American Research Institute for Policy Development, 2 (2).
• Smith, A. (1776). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of The Wealth of Nations (1-1). University of Chicago Press.
• Soubbotina, T. P., and Sheram, K. (2000). Beyond Economic Growth: Meeting the Challenges of Global Development. Washington DC: World Bank Group.
• TÜBİSAD (Türkiye Bilişim Sanayicileri Derneği). (2020). “Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Sektörü 2020 Pazar Verileri”, https://tubisad.org.tr/bilgi-bankasi/detay/TUBISAD-2020Bilgi-ve-Iletisim-Teknolojileri-Sektoru-Pazar-Verileri-veTrendleri-Raporu/49/3293/0, (Erişim tarihi: 12.11.2022).
• UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development). (2023). “Hizmet Ticareti İstatistikleri”, https://unctadstat.unctad.org/datacentre/dataviewer/ US.TotAndComServicesQuarterly, (Erişim tarihi: 10.09.2023).
• Uwitonze, E., and Heshmati, A. (2016). Service Sector Development and Its Determinants in Rwanda. Make Your Publications Visible, 10117, 43.
• Vargo, S. L., and Morgan, F. W. (2005). Services in Society and Academic Thought: An Historical Analysis. Journal of Macromarketing, 25 (1), 42-53.
• Witt, U., and Gross, C. (2020). The Rise of the “Service Economy” in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century and Its Energetic Contingencies. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 30 (2), 231-246.
• Wood, A. (1995). How Trade Hurt Unskilled Workers. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9 (3), 57-80.
• Wu, Z., Yin, J., Deng, S., Wu, J., Li, Y., and Chen, L. (2016). Modern Service Industry and Crossover Services: Development and Trends in China. IEEE Transactions on Services Computing, 9 (5), 664-671.
• Zeithaml, V. A., Parasuraman, A., and Berry, L. L. (1985). Problems and Strategies in Services Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 49 (2), 33-46.