Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the “Self-Protection Knowledge/Skills Scale” From Sexual Abuse for Mentally Disabled Children”
Yıl 2023,
, 212 - 221, 28.12.2023
Tuba Çömez İkican
,
Leyla Küçük
Öz
Aim: The aim of this study was validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the “Self-Protection Knowledge/Skills Scale From Sexual Abuse For Mentally Disabled Children”.
Material and Method: This study is a methodological design and was conducted with a total of 92 children attending a private rehabilitation center and a special subclass and mainstreaming class of a public school.
Results: The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach Alpha) of the Turkish version of the scale was 0.868, the item content validity indices (CVI) were between 0.92-1.00 and the total item CVI value was 0.96. The test-retest values of the scale were statistically significant and positive (r=0.912; p<0.01). The scale was found to have high internal consistency and content validity.
Conclusion: As a result of the analysis of the psychometric and psycholinguistic properties of the “Knowledge/Skills of Self-Protection from Sexual Abuse Scale for Children with Intellectual Disabilities”, which evaluates the knowledge and skills of children with intellectual disabilities to protect themselves from sexual abuse, it was determined that it is a scale that fits Turkish culture.
Kaynakça
- Aker, T. H., Johnson, M. S. (2020). Sexual abuse and violence against people with intellectual disability and physical impairments: Characteristics of police‐investigated cases in a Norwegian national sample. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33, 139-145. doi:10.1111/jar.12656
- Aktu, Y., Dilekmen, M. (2021). Çocuk istismarına ilişkin bilişler ölçeği: Ebeveyn formu. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 13 (Ek 1), 388-404. doi:10.18863/pgy.995589
- Arafat, S. M. (2016). Cross Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of Instruments: Step-wise Description. International Journal of Psychiatry, 1, 4.
- Bergmann, J., Krewer, C., Müller, F., Jahn, K. (2022). The scale for retropulsion: Internal consistency, reliability and construct validity. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 65(2), 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2021.101537
- Boateng, G. O., Neilands, T. B., Frongillo, E. A., Melgar-Qui˜nonez, H. R., Young, S. L. (2018). Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: A primer. Front. Public Health, 6, 149. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149
- Burns, N., Grove, S. K. (2009). The Practice of Nursing Research: Appraisal, Synthesis, and Generation of Evidence. (6th ed.). St. Louis, Missori: Saunders & Elsevier.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çokluk, Ö., Köklü, N. (2018). Sosyal Bilimler İçin İstatistik. Pegem Atıf İndeksi, 001-248.
- Byrne, G. (2018). Prevalence and psychological sequelae of sexual abuse among individuals with an intellectual disability: A review of the recent literature. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 22, 294-310. doi:10.1177/1744629517698844
- Çapık, C., Gözüm, S., Aksayan, S. (2018). Kültürlerarası Ölçek Uyarlama Aşamaları, Dil ve Kültür Uyarlaması: Güncellenmiş Rehber. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 26, 199-210. doi:10.26650/FNJN397481
- Carrellas Resko, S. M., Day, A. G. (2021). Sexual victimization and intellectual disabilities among child welfare-involved youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 115. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.104986
- Christoffersen, M. N. (2022). Sexual crime against schoolchildren with disabilities: A nationwide prospective birth cohort study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37 (3-4), NP2177-NP2205. doi:10.1177/0886260520934442
- Çıtak Tunç, G., Görak, G., Özyazıcıoğlu, N., Ak, B., Işıl, O., Vural, P. (2018). Determining the appropriateness of the “what if” situations test (WIST) with Turkish pre-schoolers. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27, 292-304. doi:10.1080/10538712.2018.1425947
- Çömez İkican, T., Küçük, L. (2020). Child Sexual Abuse Knowledge/Attitude Scale for Parents: Reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57 (2) 791-799. doi:10.1111/ppc.12615
- Erdoğan, S., Nahçivan, N., Esin, M. N. (2018). Hemşirelikte Araştırma: Süreç, Uygulama ve Kritik İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitapevi; 3. Baskı
- Euser, S., Alink, L. R., Tharner, A., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J. (2016). The prevalence of child sexual abuse in out‐of‐home care: Increased risk for children with a mild intellectual disability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29, 83-92. doi:10.1111/jar.12160
- Flora, D. B., Flake, J. K. (2017). The purpose and practice of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in psychological research: Decisions for scale development and validation. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 49, 78-88. doi:10.1037/cbs0000069
- Güngör, D. (2016). Psikolojide ölçme araçlarının geliştirilmesi ve uyarlanması kılavuzu. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 9, 104-112.
- Jojo, N., Nattala, P., Seshadri, S., Krishnakumar, P., Thomas, S. (2023). Knowledge of sexual abuse and resistance ability among children with intellectual disability. Child Abuse & Neglect, 136, 105985. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105985
- Karaçam, Z. (2019). Ölçme Araçlarının Türkçeye Uyarlanması. Ebelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2 (1), 28-37.
- Kraizer, S. (1986). Children need to know personal safety program. In M. Nelson & K. Clark (Eds.), The educator’s guide to preventing child sexual abuse. Santa Cruz, CA: Network Publications.
- Küçük, S., Platin, N., Erdem, E. (2017). Increasing awareness of protection from sexual abuse in children with mild intellectual disabilities: An education study. Applied Nursing Research, 38, 153-158. doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2017.10.016
- MacIntyre, D., Carr, A. (1999a). Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Stay safe primary prevention programme for child abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23, 1307-1325.
- MacIntyre, D., Carr, A. (1999b). Helping children to the other side of silence: A study of the impact of the stay
safe programme on Irish children’s disclosures of sexual victimization. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23, 1327-1340. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00097-6
- Martin, G. E., Lee, M., Losh, M. (2017). 'Intellectual disability', in L. Cummings (ed.), Research in Clinical Pragmatics, Series: Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology, Vol. 11, Cham, Switzerland: Springer-Verlag. ISBN: 978-3-319-47487-8 (eBook).
- Martinello, E. (2014). Reviewing strategies for risk reduction of sexual abuse of children with intellectual disabilities: A focus on early intervention. Sexuality and Disability, 32, 167–174. doi:10.1007/s11195-014-9345-9
- Normand,. C. L., Sallafranque‐St‐Louis, F. (2016). Cybervictimization of young people with an intellectual or developmental disability: Risks specific to sexual solicitation. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29 (2), 99-110. doi:10.1111/jar.12163
- Skarbek, D., Hahn, K., Parrish, P. (2009). Stop sexual abuse in special education: An ecological model of prevention and intervention strategies for sexual abuse in special education. Sexuality and Disabilities, 27, 155-164. doi:10.1007/s11195-009-9127-y
- Stay Safe for Children with SEN. https://www.staysafe.ie/teachers_dlsen.htm Erişim tarihi: 10.07.2023
- Stobbe, K.J., Scheffers, M., van Busschbach, J.T., Didden, R. (2021). Prevention and intervention programs targeting sexual abuse in individuals with mild intellectual disability: A systematic review. Journal of Mental
Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 14 (2), 135–158. doi:10.1080/19315864.2021.1883780
- Tavşancıl, E. (2019). Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS İle Veri Analizi (Vol. 6). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık; 16-27.
- Taycan, O., Coşkun, B. (2020). Ruh Sağlığını Güçlendirme: Kavramlar, Kanıtlar, Uygulamalar. Ankara: Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği Yayınları.
- Turan, T., Erdoğan, Ç. (2019). Sağlık çalışanlarının çocuk istismarını/ihmalini raporlamaya karşı tutumlarını belirleme ölçeği’nin öğrenci hemşirelerde geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. JAREN, 5 (1), 46-52.
- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı, Engeli ve Yaşlı Sağlık Bülteni (2023). Erişim tarihi: 25 Mayıs 2023. https://www.aile.gov.tr/media/134536/eyhgm_istatistik_bulteni_mart_23.pdf
- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [TUİK]. (2021). İstatistiklerle Çocuk, 2021. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023. https://www.tuik.gov.tr/media/announcements/istatistiklerle_cocuk_2021.pdf
- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [TUİK]. (2020). Güvenlik Birimine Gelen veya Getirilen Çocuk İstatistikleri, 2015-2019 (Basın Bülteni). Erişim tarihi: 25 Mayıs 2023. Https://Data.Tuik.Gov.Tr/Bulten/Index?P=Guvenlik-Birimine-Gelen-veya-Getirilen-CocukIstatistikleri-2015-2019-33632
- UNICEF, 2021. Erişim tarihi: 25 Mayıs 2023. https://www.unicef.org/turkiye/bas%C4%B1n-b%C3%BCltenleri/unicefin-kapsaml%C4%B1-istatistiksel-analizine-g%C3%B6re-d%C3%BCnya-%C3%A7ap%C4%B1nda-yakla%C5%9F%C4%B1k-240-milyon
- Wissink, I. B., Van Vugt, E., Moonen, X., Stams, G. J. J., Hendriks, J. (2015). Sexual abuse involving children with an intellectual disability (ID): A narrative review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 36, 20-35. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.09.007
- Wissink van Vugt, E. S., Smits, I. A. M., Moonen, X. M. H., Stams, G. J. J. M. (2018). Reports of sexual abuse of children in state care: A comparison between children with and without intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 43 (2), 152–163. doi:10.3109/13668250.2016.1269881
- World Health Organization [WHO]. (2018). International Classification of Functioning and Disability- ICIDH. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023, https://www.who.int/classifications/icf/en/
- World Health Organization [WHO]. (2023). Disability. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and health#:~:text=Key%20facts,billion%20people%20experience%20significant%20disability
- World Health Organization [WHO]. (2022). Violence Against Children. Erişim tarihi: 02 Haziran 2023, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-children
- World Health Organization [WHO]. (2020). Global status report on preventing violence against children. Erişim tarihi: 02 Haziran 2023, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240006379
- World Health Organization [WHO]. (2016). Child maltreatment. 2016 The health sector responds. Erişim tarihi: 25 Mayıs 2023,
https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/child/Child_maltreatment_infographic_EN.pdf
“Zihinsel Engelli Çocuklar İçin Cinsel İstismardan Kendini Koruma Bilgi/Becerileri Ölçeği” Türkçe Formunun Psikometrik Özellikleri
Yıl 2023,
, 212 - 221, 28.12.2023
Tuba Çömez İkican
,
Leyla Küçük
Öz
Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, “Zihinsel Engelli Çocuklar için Cinsel İstismardan Kendini Koruma Bilgi/Becerileri Ölçeği” Türkçe formunun geçerlik-güvenirliğinin gerçekleştirilmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu araştırma metodolojik tasarım tipinde olup, özel bir rehabilitasyon merkezi öğrencileri ve bir devlet okuluna ait özel alt sınıf ile kaynaştırma sınıfına devam eden toplam 92 çocuk ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Ölçeğin Türkçe formunun, iç tutarlılık katsayısı (Cronbach Alpha) 0.868, madde kapsam geçerliği indekslerinin (KGİ) 0.92-1.00 arasında ve toplam madde KGİ değerinin 0.96 olduğu saptandı. Ölçek test-tekrar test değerlerinin istatistiksel bağlamda anlamlı ve pozitif yönde olduğu belirlendi (r=0.912; p<0.01). Ölçeğin yüksek iç tutarlılık ile kapsam geçerliliğine sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
Sonuç: Zihinsel engelli çocukların cinsel istismardan kendilerini korumaya yönelik bilgi ve becerilerini değerlendiren “Zihinsel Engelli Çocuklar İçin Cinsel İstismardan Kendini Koruma Bilgi/Becerileri Ölçeği”nin psikometrik ve psikolinguistik özelliklerinin analizi sonucunda, Türk kültürüne uyan bir ölçek olduğu saptanmıştır.
Destekleyen Kurum
Destekleyen kurum bulunmamaktadır.
Kaynakça
- Aker, T. H., Johnson, M. S. (2020). Sexual abuse and violence against people with intellectual disability and physical impairments: Characteristics of police‐investigated cases in a Norwegian national sample. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33, 139-145. doi:10.1111/jar.12656
- Aktu, Y., Dilekmen, M. (2021). Çocuk istismarına ilişkin bilişler ölçeği: Ebeveyn formu. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 13 (Ek 1), 388-404. doi:10.18863/pgy.995589
- Arafat, S. M. (2016). Cross Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of Instruments: Step-wise Description. International Journal of Psychiatry, 1, 4.
- Bergmann, J., Krewer, C., Müller, F., Jahn, K. (2022). The scale for retropulsion: Internal consistency, reliability and construct validity. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 65(2), 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2021.101537
- Boateng, G. O., Neilands, T. B., Frongillo, E. A., Melgar-Qui˜nonez, H. R., Young, S. L. (2018). Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: A primer. Front. Public Health, 6, 149. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149
- Burns, N., Grove, S. K. (2009). The Practice of Nursing Research: Appraisal, Synthesis, and Generation of Evidence. (6th ed.). St. Louis, Missori: Saunders & Elsevier.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çokluk, Ö., Köklü, N. (2018). Sosyal Bilimler İçin İstatistik. Pegem Atıf İndeksi, 001-248.
- Byrne, G. (2018). Prevalence and psychological sequelae of sexual abuse among individuals with an intellectual disability: A review of the recent literature. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 22, 294-310. doi:10.1177/1744629517698844
- Çapık, C., Gözüm, S., Aksayan, S. (2018). Kültürlerarası Ölçek Uyarlama Aşamaları, Dil ve Kültür Uyarlaması: Güncellenmiş Rehber. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 26, 199-210. doi:10.26650/FNJN397481
- Carrellas Resko, S. M., Day, A. G. (2021). Sexual victimization and intellectual disabilities among child welfare-involved youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 115. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.104986
- Christoffersen, M. N. (2022). Sexual crime against schoolchildren with disabilities: A nationwide prospective birth cohort study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37 (3-4), NP2177-NP2205. doi:10.1177/0886260520934442
- Çıtak Tunç, G., Görak, G., Özyazıcıoğlu, N., Ak, B., Işıl, O., Vural, P. (2018). Determining the appropriateness of the “what if” situations test (WIST) with Turkish pre-schoolers. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27, 292-304. doi:10.1080/10538712.2018.1425947
- Çömez İkican, T., Küçük, L. (2020). Child Sexual Abuse Knowledge/Attitude Scale for Parents: Reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57 (2) 791-799. doi:10.1111/ppc.12615
- Erdoğan, S., Nahçivan, N., Esin, M. N. (2018). Hemşirelikte Araştırma: Süreç, Uygulama ve Kritik İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitapevi; 3. Baskı
- Euser, S., Alink, L. R., Tharner, A., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J. (2016). The prevalence of child sexual abuse in out‐of‐home care: Increased risk for children with a mild intellectual disability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29, 83-92. doi:10.1111/jar.12160
- Flora, D. B., Flake, J. K. (2017). The purpose and practice of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in psychological research: Decisions for scale development and validation. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 49, 78-88. doi:10.1037/cbs0000069
- Güngör, D. (2016). Psikolojide ölçme araçlarının geliştirilmesi ve uyarlanması kılavuzu. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 9, 104-112.
- Jojo, N., Nattala, P., Seshadri, S., Krishnakumar, P., Thomas, S. (2023). Knowledge of sexual abuse and resistance ability among children with intellectual disability. Child Abuse & Neglect, 136, 105985. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105985
- Karaçam, Z. (2019). Ölçme Araçlarının Türkçeye Uyarlanması. Ebelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2 (1), 28-37.
- Kraizer, S. (1986). Children need to know personal safety program. In M. Nelson & K. Clark (Eds.), The educator’s guide to preventing child sexual abuse. Santa Cruz, CA: Network Publications.
- Küçük, S., Platin, N., Erdem, E. (2017). Increasing awareness of protection from sexual abuse in children with mild intellectual disabilities: An education study. Applied Nursing Research, 38, 153-158. doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2017.10.016
- MacIntyre, D., Carr, A. (1999a). Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Stay safe primary prevention programme for child abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23, 1307-1325.
- MacIntyre, D., Carr, A. (1999b). Helping children to the other side of silence: A study of the impact of the stay
safe programme on Irish children’s disclosures of sexual victimization. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23, 1327-1340. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00097-6
- Martin, G. E., Lee, M., Losh, M. (2017). 'Intellectual disability', in L. Cummings (ed.), Research in Clinical Pragmatics, Series: Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology, Vol. 11, Cham, Switzerland: Springer-Verlag. ISBN: 978-3-319-47487-8 (eBook).
- Martinello, E. (2014). Reviewing strategies for risk reduction of sexual abuse of children with intellectual disabilities: A focus on early intervention. Sexuality and Disability, 32, 167–174. doi:10.1007/s11195-014-9345-9
- Normand,. C. L., Sallafranque‐St‐Louis, F. (2016). Cybervictimization of young people with an intellectual or developmental disability: Risks specific to sexual solicitation. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29 (2), 99-110. doi:10.1111/jar.12163
- Skarbek, D., Hahn, K., Parrish, P. (2009). Stop sexual abuse in special education: An ecological model of prevention and intervention strategies for sexual abuse in special education. Sexuality and Disabilities, 27, 155-164. doi:10.1007/s11195-009-9127-y
- Stay Safe for Children with SEN. https://www.staysafe.ie/teachers_dlsen.htm Erişim tarihi: 10.07.2023
- Stobbe, K.J., Scheffers, M., van Busschbach, J.T., Didden, R. (2021). Prevention and intervention programs targeting sexual abuse in individuals with mild intellectual disability: A systematic review. Journal of Mental
Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 14 (2), 135–158. doi:10.1080/19315864.2021.1883780
- Tavşancıl, E. (2019). Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS İle Veri Analizi (Vol. 6). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık; 16-27.
- Taycan, O., Coşkun, B. (2020). Ruh Sağlığını Güçlendirme: Kavramlar, Kanıtlar, Uygulamalar. Ankara: Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği Yayınları.
- Turan, T., Erdoğan, Ç. (2019). Sağlık çalışanlarının çocuk istismarını/ihmalini raporlamaya karşı tutumlarını belirleme ölçeği’nin öğrenci hemşirelerde geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. JAREN, 5 (1), 46-52.
- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı, Engeli ve Yaşlı Sağlık Bülteni (2023). Erişim tarihi: 25 Mayıs 2023. https://www.aile.gov.tr/media/134536/eyhgm_istatistik_bulteni_mart_23.pdf
- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [TUİK]. (2021). İstatistiklerle Çocuk, 2021. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023. https://www.tuik.gov.tr/media/announcements/istatistiklerle_cocuk_2021.pdf
- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [TUİK]. (2020). Güvenlik Birimine Gelen veya Getirilen Çocuk İstatistikleri, 2015-2019 (Basın Bülteni). Erişim tarihi: 25 Mayıs 2023. Https://Data.Tuik.Gov.Tr/Bulten/Index?P=Guvenlik-Birimine-Gelen-veya-Getirilen-CocukIstatistikleri-2015-2019-33632
- UNICEF, 2021. Erişim tarihi: 25 Mayıs 2023. https://www.unicef.org/turkiye/bas%C4%B1n-b%C3%BCltenleri/unicefin-kapsaml%C4%B1-istatistiksel-analizine-g%C3%B6re-d%C3%BCnya-%C3%A7ap%C4%B1nda-yakla%C5%9F%C4%B1k-240-milyon
- Wissink, I. B., Van Vugt, E., Moonen, X., Stams, G. J. J., Hendriks, J. (2015). Sexual abuse involving children with an intellectual disability (ID): A narrative review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 36, 20-35. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.09.007
- Wissink van Vugt, E. S., Smits, I. A. M., Moonen, X. M. H., Stams, G. J. J. M. (2018). Reports of sexual abuse of children in state care: A comparison between children with and without intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 43 (2), 152–163. doi:10.3109/13668250.2016.1269881
- World Health Organization [WHO]. (2018). International Classification of Functioning and Disability- ICIDH. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023, https://www.who.int/classifications/icf/en/
- World Health Organization [WHO]. (2023). Disability. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and health#:~:text=Key%20facts,billion%20people%20experience%20significant%20disability
- World Health Organization [WHO]. (2022). Violence Against Children. Erişim tarihi: 02 Haziran 2023, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-children
- World Health Organization [WHO]. (2020). Global status report on preventing violence against children. Erişim tarihi: 02 Haziran 2023, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240006379
- World Health Organization [WHO]. (2016). Child maltreatment. 2016 The health sector responds. Erişim tarihi: 25 Mayıs 2023,
https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/child/Child_maltreatment_infographic_EN.pdf