Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2021, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 110 - 124, 13.03.2021

İsmail Koç , Ökkeş Alpaslan Gençay

Öz

The aim of this study was to determine mental toughness of badminton athletes and to examine mental toughness in terms of different variables (gender, age, national/international, sports year). A total of 263 athletes, (114 men, 149 women) voluntarily athletes participated in the study. Within the scope of the research, the data was collected by personal information form prepared by the researchers and "Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTTQ)" developed by Sheard et. al (2009) and Turkish adaptation was performed by Altıntaş and Koruç (2016). Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficients of the scale are; Confidence is 0.72, Continuity is 0.71 and Control is 0.66. Firstly, a normality test was applied to the data obtained from the scale. As a result of the normality test applied, T-test in binary group comparisons for data with normal distribution, One-way Anova Test in group comparisons of three or more; In the data without normal distribution, Mann Whitneu-U and Kruskal Wallis H test was applied. Data were tested at α = 0.05 significance level. The findings of the study showed that badminton athletes mental toughness levels were influenced by age, gender, national /international status and sports year. According to the findings, it was seen that mental toughness score of total scores and confidence sub-dimension scores significantly differs according to the age. According to the gender variable, there is a significant difference between the average of confidence, control, Continuity sub-dimension scores and total scores in the mental toughness of the athletes. According to the national/international variable, there is a significant difference between the average of confidence sub-dimension scores and total scores in the mental toughness of the athletes. According to the sports year variable, there is a significant difference between the average of confidence sub-dimension scores and total scores in the mental toughness of the athletes. As a result, the special athletes who participated in the Turkey badminton championships, age, sex, year and is the national sport do / not to say that the variables have an effect on mental toughness of athletes.

Kaynakça

  • Gould, D., Hodge, K., Peterson, K. ve Petlichkoff, L. (1987). Psychological foundations of coaching: Similarities and differences among intercollegiate wrestling coaches. The Sport Psychologist, 1, 293–308.
  • Butt, J., Weinberg, R. ve Culp, B. (2010). Exploring mental toughness in NCAA athletes. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 3, 316–332.
  • Gucciardi, D., Hanton, S., Gordon, S., Mallett, C. ve Temby, P. (2015). The concept of mental toughness: Tests of dimensionality, nomological network, and traitness. Journal of Personality, 83, 26–44. doi:10.1111/jopy.12079
  • Cowden, RG. (2016). Mental toughness, emotional intelligence, and coping effectiveness: An analysis of construct interrelatedness among high-performing adolescent male athletes. Perceptual and motor skills, 123(3), 737-753.
  • Hardy, L., Bell, J. ve Beattie, S. (2014). A neuropsychological model of mentally tough behavior. Journal of Personality, 82, 69–81. doi:10.1111/jopy.12034
  • McGeown, S., St Clair-Thompson, H. ve Clough, P. (2016). The study of non-cognitive attributes in education: Proposing the mental toughness framework. Educational Review, 68, 96–113. doi:10.1080/00131911.2015.1008408
  • Gucciardi DF., Jackson B., Hanton S., Reid M. (2015). Motivational correlates of mentally tough behaviours in tennis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 18(1), 67-71
  • Jones, G., Hanton, S. ve Connaughton, D. (2007). A framework of mental toughness in the world’s best performers. The Sport Psychologist, 21, 243–264.
  • Guille´n, F. ve Laborde, S. (2014). Higher-order structure of mental toughness and the analysis of latent mean differences between athletes from 34 disciplines and non-athletes. Personality and Individual Differences, 60, 30–35.
  • Coulter, T., Mallett, C. ve Singer, J. (2016). A subculture of mental toughness in an Australian Football League club. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 22, 98–113. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.06.007
  • Clough, P., Earle, K. ve Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: The concept and its measurement. In I. Cockerill (Ed.), Solutions in sport psychology (pp. 32–45). London, England: Thomson.
  • Sheard, M., Golby, J. ve van Wersch, A. (2009). Progress toward construct validation of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25(3), 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.186
  • Gucciardi, D. ve Hanton, S. (2016). Mental toughness: Critical reflections and future considerations. In
  • St Clair-Thompson, H., Bugler, M., Robinson, J., Clough, P., McGeown, S. ve Perry, J. (2015). Mental toughness in education: Exploring relationships with attainment, attendance, behaviour and peer relationships. Educational Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology, 35, 886–907. doi:10.1080/01443410.2014.895294
  • Horsburgh, V., Schermer, J., Veselka, L. ve Vernon, P. (2009). A behavioural genetic study of mental toughness and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 100–105. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.09.009
  • Onley, M., Veselka, L., Schermer, J. ve Vernon, P. (2013). Survival of the scheming: A genetically informed link between the dark triad and mental toughness. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 16, 1087–1109. doi:10.1017/thg.2013.66
  • Crust, L. ve Clough, P. (2011). Developing mental toughness: From research to practice. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2, 21–32. doi:10.1080/21520704.2011.563436
  • Connaughton, D., Wadey, R., Hanton, S. ve Jones, G. (2008). The development and maintenance of mental toughness: Perceptions of elite performers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26, 83–95. doi:10.1080/02640410701310958
  • Connaughton, D., Thelwell, R. ve Hanton, S. (2011). Mental toughness development: Issues, practical implications and future directions. In
  • Bell, J., Hardy, L. ve Beattie, S. (2013). Enhancing mental toughness and performance under pressure in elite young cricketers: A 2-year longitudinal intervention. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 2, 281–297. doi:10.1037/a0033129
  • Tibbert, S., Andersen, M. ve Morris, T. (2015). What a difference a “Mentally Toughening” year makes: The acculturation of a rookie. Psychology of Sport Exercise, 17, 68–78. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.10.007
  • Jones, G., Hanton, S. ve Connaughton, D. (2002). What is this thing called mental toughness? An investigation of elite sport performers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 205–218
  • Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K. ve Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. Journal of applied sport psychology, 14(3), 172-204.
  • Clough, P., Earle, K. ve Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: the concept and its measurement. In I. Cockerill (Ed.), Solutions in sport psychology (pp. 32–45). London: Thomson
  • Nachmias CF. ve Nachmias D. (1996). Research methods in the social sciences (5th Edition). New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Malhotra, NK. (2004). Marketing research an applied orientation, 4. Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
  • Aaker, DA., Kumar,V. ve Day, GS., (2007). Marketing research, 9. Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Danvers.
  • Zikmund, WG. (1997). Business Research Methods, 5. Edition, The Dryden Press, Orlando.
  • Altıntaş, A. ve Koruç, PB. (2016). Sporda zihinsel dayanıklılık envanteri’nin psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi (SZDE). Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(4), 163-171.
  • George, D. ve Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference 17.0 update (10th ed.) Boston: Pearson.
  • Marchant, D., Polman, R., Clough, PJ., Jackson, JG., Levy, A. ve Nicholls, AR. (2009). Mental toughness: Managerial and age differences. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24, 428–437.
  • Nicholls, AR., Polman, RC., Levy, AR. ve Backhouse, SH. (2009). Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences. Personality and individual differences, 47(1), 73-75.
  • Crust, L. (2009). The relationship between mental toughness and affect intensity. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 959-963.
  • Kalkavan, A., Özdilek, Ç. ve Çakır, G. (2020). Dağ bisikletçilerininin zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin araştırılması. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(2), 31-43.
  • Güvendi, B., Türksoy, A., Güçlü, M. ve Konter, E. (2018a). Profesyonel güreşçilerin cesaret düzeyleri ve zihinsel dayanıklılıklarının incelenmesi. Uluslararası Spor Egzersiz ve Antrenman Bilimi Dergisi, 4(2), 70-78.
  • Crust, L., Earle, K., Perry, J., Earle, F., Clough, A. ve Clough, PJ. (2014). Mental toughness in higher education: Relationships with achievement and progression in first-year university sports students. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 87- 91.
  • Karademir, T. ve Açak, M. (2019). Üniversiteli sporcuların psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(2), 803-816.
  • Yardımcı, A., Sadık, R. ve Kardaş, NT. (2017). Amerikan futbolu sporcularının yalnızlık düzeyleri ve sporda mental dayanıklılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 79-90.
  • Yarayan, YE., Yıldız, AB. ve Gülşen, DBA. (2018). Elit düzeyde bireysel ve takım sporu yapan sporcuların zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi.
  • Kalkavan, A., Acet, M. ve Cakır, G. (2017). Investigation of the mental endurance levels of the athletes participating in the table tennis championship of universities in Turkey. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 5(4), 356-363.
  • Newland A., Newton M., Finch L., Harbke C. ve Prodlog L. (2013). Moderating variables in the relationship between mental toughness and performance in basketball. Journal of Sport and Health Sciences. 2(3): 184–192.
  • Findlay, LC., ve Bowker, A. (2009). The link between competitive sport participation and self-concept in early adolescence: A consideration of gender and sport orientation. Journal of youth and adolescence, 38(1), 29-40.
  • Gerber, M., Kalak, N., Lemola, S., Clough, PJ., Pühse, U., Elliot, C. ve Brand, S. (2012). Adolescents' exercise and physical activity are associated with mental toughness. Mental health and physical activity, 5(1), 35-42
  • Golby, J. ve Sheard, M. (2004). Mental toughness and hardiness at different levels of rugby league. Personality and individual differences, 37(5), 933-942.
  • Solomon, GB. (2015). Mental toughness among college athletes. Journal of Applied Sports Science, 5(3).
  • Baser, B. (2019). Zihinsel dayanıklılık ve sportif kendine güven (Master's thesis, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
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BADMİNTON SPORCULARININ ZİHİNSEL DAYANIKLILIK DÜZEYLERİNİN ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLERE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 110 - 124, 13.03.2021

İsmail Koç , Ökkeş Alpaslan Gençay

Öz

Badminton sporcuların zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerini ve aralarında (cinsiyet, yaş, spor yılı, milli olup/olmama) durumlarına göre fark olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Araştırmada tarama yöntemi ve anket tekniği kullanılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise zihinsel dayanıklılık ölçeğini eksiksiz ve hatasız dolduran 263 (Kadın: 114 ve Erkek: 149) gönüllü sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada Sheard ve ark. (2009) tarafından geliştirilen, Türkçeye uyarlamasını Altıntaş (2015)’ın yaptığı “Sporda Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Envanteri” ve araştırmacıların hazırladığı kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin Cronbach Alpha güvenilirlik katsayıları sırasıyla; Güven 0.72, Devamlılık 0.71 ve Kontrol 0.66 şeklindedir. Analiz aşamasına geçilmeden önce elde edilen verilere öncelikli olarak normallik testi uygulanmıştır. Bu durum göz önünde bulundurularak ikili karşılaştırmalarda bağımsız iki grup için T-testi veya alternatif test olarak Mann Whitney-U testi, üç ve üzeri grup karşılaştırmalarında tek yönlü Anova testi veya alternatif test olarak Kruskal Wallis H testi uygulanmıştır. Veriler α= 0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde sınanmıştır. Sporcuların zihinsel dayanıklılık puan ortalamalarının yaş değişkenine göre güven alt boyutu ile toplam puan düzeylerinde önemli bir fark olduğunu; cinsiyet değişkenine göre güven, kontrol ve devamlılık alt boyutunda ve toplam puan düzeyinde oluşan farklılığın erkekler lehine olmak üzere istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğunu; milli olma değişkenine göre güven alt boyutu ve toplam puan düzeyinde milli olan sporcular lehine olmak üzere grupların aritmetik ortalamaları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğunu; spor yapma yılı değişkenine göre sporcuların zihinsel dayanıklılık güven alt boyutu ve toplam puan düzeyleri arasında önemli bir fark olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak Türkiye Badminton Şampiyonası’na katılan sporcular özelinde, yaş, cinsiyet, spor yapma yılı ve milli olup/olmama değişkenlerinin sporcuların zihinsel dayanıklılıkları üzerinde etkili olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zihinsel dayanıklılık Badminton Millilik Durumu

Kaynakça

  • Gould, D., Hodge, K., Peterson, K. ve Petlichkoff, L. (1987). Psychological foundations of coaching: Similarities and differences among intercollegiate wrestling coaches. The Sport Psychologist, 1, 293–308.
  • Butt, J., Weinberg, R. ve Culp, B. (2010). Exploring mental toughness in NCAA athletes. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 3, 316–332.
  • Gucciardi, D., Hanton, S., Gordon, S., Mallett, C. ve Temby, P. (2015). The concept of mental toughness: Tests of dimensionality, nomological network, and traitness. Journal of Personality, 83, 26–44. doi:10.1111/jopy.12079
  • Cowden, RG. (2016). Mental toughness, emotional intelligence, and coping effectiveness: An analysis of construct interrelatedness among high-performing adolescent male athletes. Perceptual and motor skills, 123(3), 737-753.
  • Hardy, L., Bell, J. ve Beattie, S. (2014). A neuropsychological model of mentally tough behavior. Journal of Personality, 82, 69–81. doi:10.1111/jopy.12034
  • McGeown, S., St Clair-Thompson, H. ve Clough, P. (2016). The study of non-cognitive attributes in education: Proposing the mental toughness framework. Educational Review, 68, 96–113. doi:10.1080/00131911.2015.1008408
  • Gucciardi DF., Jackson B., Hanton S., Reid M. (2015). Motivational correlates of mentally tough behaviours in tennis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 18(1), 67-71
  • Jones, G., Hanton, S. ve Connaughton, D. (2007). A framework of mental toughness in the world’s best performers. The Sport Psychologist, 21, 243–264.
  • Guille´n, F. ve Laborde, S. (2014). Higher-order structure of mental toughness and the analysis of latent mean differences between athletes from 34 disciplines and non-athletes. Personality and Individual Differences, 60, 30–35.
  • Coulter, T., Mallett, C. ve Singer, J. (2016). A subculture of mental toughness in an Australian Football League club. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 22, 98–113. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.06.007
  • Clough, P., Earle, K. ve Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: The concept and its measurement. In I. Cockerill (Ed.), Solutions in sport psychology (pp. 32–45). London, England: Thomson.
  • Sheard, M., Golby, J. ve van Wersch, A. (2009). Progress toward construct validation of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25(3), 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.186
  • Gucciardi, D. ve Hanton, S. (2016). Mental toughness: Critical reflections and future considerations. In
  • St Clair-Thompson, H., Bugler, M., Robinson, J., Clough, P., McGeown, S. ve Perry, J. (2015). Mental toughness in education: Exploring relationships with attainment, attendance, behaviour and peer relationships. Educational Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology, 35, 886–907. doi:10.1080/01443410.2014.895294
  • Horsburgh, V., Schermer, J., Veselka, L. ve Vernon, P. (2009). A behavioural genetic study of mental toughness and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 100–105. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.09.009
  • Onley, M., Veselka, L., Schermer, J. ve Vernon, P. (2013). Survival of the scheming: A genetically informed link between the dark triad and mental toughness. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 16, 1087–1109. doi:10.1017/thg.2013.66
  • Crust, L. ve Clough, P. (2011). Developing mental toughness: From research to practice. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2, 21–32. doi:10.1080/21520704.2011.563436
  • Connaughton, D., Wadey, R., Hanton, S. ve Jones, G. (2008). The development and maintenance of mental toughness: Perceptions of elite performers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26, 83–95. doi:10.1080/02640410701310958
  • Connaughton, D., Thelwell, R. ve Hanton, S. (2011). Mental toughness development: Issues, practical implications and future directions. In
  • Bell, J., Hardy, L. ve Beattie, S. (2013). Enhancing mental toughness and performance under pressure in elite young cricketers: A 2-year longitudinal intervention. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 2, 281–297. doi:10.1037/a0033129
  • Tibbert, S., Andersen, M. ve Morris, T. (2015). What a difference a “Mentally Toughening” year makes: The acculturation of a rookie. Psychology of Sport Exercise, 17, 68–78. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.10.007
  • Jones, G., Hanton, S. ve Connaughton, D. (2002). What is this thing called mental toughness? An investigation of elite sport performers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 205–218
  • Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K. ve Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. Journal of applied sport psychology, 14(3), 172-204.
  • Clough, P., Earle, K. ve Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: the concept and its measurement. In I. Cockerill (Ed.), Solutions in sport psychology (pp. 32–45). London: Thomson
  • Nachmias CF. ve Nachmias D. (1996). Research methods in the social sciences (5th Edition). New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Malhotra, NK. (2004). Marketing research an applied orientation, 4. Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
  • Aaker, DA., Kumar,V. ve Day, GS., (2007). Marketing research, 9. Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Danvers.
  • Zikmund, WG. (1997). Business Research Methods, 5. Edition, The Dryden Press, Orlando.
  • Altıntaş, A. ve Koruç, PB. (2016). Sporda zihinsel dayanıklılık envanteri’nin psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi (SZDE). Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(4), 163-171.
  • George, D. ve Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference 17.0 update (10th ed.) Boston: Pearson.
  • Marchant, D., Polman, R., Clough, PJ., Jackson, JG., Levy, A. ve Nicholls, AR. (2009). Mental toughness: Managerial and age differences. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24, 428–437.
  • Nicholls, AR., Polman, RC., Levy, AR. ve Backhouse, SH. (2009). Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences. Personality and individual differences, 47(1), 73-75.
  • Crust, L. (2009). The relationship between mental toughness and affect intensity. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 959-963.
  • Kalkavan, A., Özdilek, Ç. ve Çakır, G. (2020). Dağ bisikletçilerininin zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin araştırılması. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(2), 31-43.
  • Güvendi, B., Türksoy, A., Güçlü, M. ve Konter, E. (2018a). Profesyonel güreşçilerin cesaret düzeyleri ve zihinsel dayanıklılıklarının incelenmesi. Uluslararası Spor Egzersiz ve Antrenman Bilimi Dergisi, 4(2), 70-78.
  • Crust, L., Earle, K., Perry, J., Earle, F., Clough, A. ve Clough, PJ. (2014). Mental toughness in higher education: Relationships with achievement and progression in first-year university sports students. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 87- 91.
  • Karademir, T. ve Açak, M. (2019). Üniversiteli sporcuların psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(2), 803-816.
  • Yardımcı, A., Sadık, R. ve Kardaş, NT. (2017). Amerikan futbolu sporcularının yalnızlık düzeyleri ve sporda mental dayanıklılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 79-90.
  • Yarayan, YE., Yıldız, AB. ve Gülşen, DBA. (2018). Elit düzeyde bireysel ve takım sporu yapan sporcuların zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi.
  • Kalkavan, A., Acet, M. ve Cakır, G. (2017). Investigation of the mental endurance levels of the athletes participating in the table tennis championship of universities in Turkey. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 5(4), 356-363.
  • Newland A., Newton M., Finch L., Harbke C. ve Prodlog L. (2013). Moderating variables in the relationship between mental toughness and performance in basketball. Journal of Sport and Health Sciences. 2(3): 184–192.
  • Findlay, LC., ve Bowker, A. (2009). The link between competitive sport participation and self-concept in early adolescence: A consideration of gender and sport orientation. Journal of youth and adolescence, 38(1), 29-40.
  • Gerber, M., Kalak, N., Lemola, S., Clough, PJ., Pühse, U., Elliot, C. ve Brand, S. (2012). Adolescents' exercise and physical activity are associated with mental toughness. Mental health and physical activity, 5(1), 35-42
  • Golby, J. ve Sheard, M. (2004). Mental toughness and hardiness at different levels of rugby league. Personality and individual differences, 37(5), 933-942.
  • Solomon, GB. (2015). Mental toughness among college athletes. Journal of Applied Sports Science, 5(3).
  • Baser, B. (2019). Zihinsel dayanıklılık ve sportif kendine güven (Master's thesis, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Sarı, İ., Sağ, S. ve Demir, AP. (2020). Sporda zihinsel dayanıklılık: Taekwondo sporcularında bir inceleme. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(4), 131-147.
  • Buhrow, C., Digmann, J. ve Waldron, JJ. (2017). The relationship between sports specialization and mental toughness. International Journal of Exercise Science, 10(1), 44-52.
  • Juan, MVT. ve Lopez, A. (2015). Mental toughness of scholar athletes. researchers World. 6(3), 22.
  • Şahinler, Y. ve Ersoy, A. (2015). Sporcuların zihinsel dayanıklılıklarının farklı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 5(2), 168-177.
  • Gucciardi, DF., Gordon, S. ve Dimmock, J A. (2009). Advancing mental toughness research and theory using personal construct psychology. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2(1), 54-72.
  • Güvendi, B., Can, HC. ve Işım, AT. (2020). Triatlon sporcularının zihinsel dayanıklılıklarının karar verme stilleri ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 146-160.
  • Kuan, G. ve Roy, J. (2007). Goal profiles, mental toughness and its influence on performance outcomes among Wushu athletes. Journal of sports science & medicine, 6(CSSI-2), 28.
  • Crust L. (2008). A review and conceptual reexamination of mental toughness: Implications for future researchers. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 576-583.
  • Daniel F. Gucciardi, Sandy Gordon ve James A. Dimmock (2008) Towards an understanding of mental toughness in australian football, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 20: 3, 261-281, DOI: 10.1080 / 10413200801998556
  • Dede, YE. (2019). Elit güreşçilerin zihinsel dayanıklılıklarının incelenmesi (Master's thesis, Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsi).
  • Eroğlu, O., Ünveren, A., Ayna, Ç. ve Müftüoğlu, N. (2020). Spor bilimleri fakültesindeki öğrencilerin sporda zihinsel dayanıklılık ve sporda ahlaktan uzaklaşma düzeyleri arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Türkiye Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4 (2), 100-110. DOI: 10.32706/tusbid.829164
  • Nicholls A., Levy A., Polman R., Crust L. (2011). Mental toughness, coping self-efficacy, and coping effectiveness among athletes. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 42(6), 513-524.
  • Tekkurşun Demi̇r, G., Türkeli̇, A. (2019). Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinin egzersiz bağımlılığı ve zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4 (1), 10-24. DOI: 10.25307/jssr.505941
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

İsmail Koç 0000-0002-1047-7959

Ökkeş Alpaslan Gençay 0000-0003-0977-4654

Yayımlanma Tarihi 13 Mart 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Şubat 2021
Kabul Tarihi 4 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Koç, İ., & Gençay, Ö. A. (2021). BADMİNTON SPORCULARININ ZİHİNSEL DAYANIKLILIK DÜZEYLERİNİN ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLERE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ. Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 110-124.
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