YÜZÜCÜLERDE DOLFİN AYAK VURUŞUNUN KİNEMATİK PERFORMANS DEĞERLERİNE ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 361 - 374, 01.01.2024

Zeynep Bozdoğan Kurt , Nejla Gerçek , Ali Özüak , Çiğil Güler , Ekrem Albayrak , Nusret Ramazanoğlu

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, vücut kompozisyonu, alt ekstremite uzunlukları ve ayak bileği eklem hareket açılarının sualtı dolfin ayak vuruş performansına etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmaya, gönüllü 19 lisanslı erkek yüzücü katılmıştır. Dolfin ayak vuruşu kinematik ölçümleri 25 m yarı olimpik havuzda aksiyon kamerası kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Ölçümlerde serbest ve sırtüstü stil yüzme başlangıç ve dönüş fazı dolfin ayak vuruşu kinematiği değerlendirilmiştir. Ayak bileği eklem hareket açıklıkları ve alt ektremite uzunluklarının dolfin ayak vuruşu performansı ile ilişkisi Pearson Kolerasyon testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları incelendiğinde, serbest ve sırtüstü yüzme tekniğinde başlangıç fazı dolfin hızı ve sırtüstü yüzmede ise başlangıç ve dönüş fazı dolfin hızı yüzücünün vücut ağırlığı ve vücut kitle indeksi ile ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Ayrıca, her iki yüzme tekniğinde de 50 m yüzme hızının yüzücülerin boyu, vücut ağırlığı ve vücut kitle indeksleri ile ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Ayak bileği dorsal ve plantar fleksiyon açısının ise serbest stil yüzmede sağ plantar fleksiyon açısının dönüş fazı dolfin hızıyla ilişkisi hariç ilişki bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Serbest ve sırtüstü stil yüzme sırasında kullanılan sualtı dolfin ayak vuruşu kinematiği ekstemite uzunluklarından ziyade vücut ağırlığından ve vücut kitle indeksinden etkilenmektedir. Bu durum, dolfin ayak vuruşu performansında uzunluktan ziyade kas kütlesinin fazla olmasının daha etkili olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Ayak bileği eklem hareket açıklığının bu faza etkisinin olmaması ise dolfin ayak vuruşu sırasında diz, kalça ve gövde hareketlerinin daha etkin olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Yüzme hızını önemli oranda etkileyen dolfin ayak vuruşu performansına etki eden parametreler henüz açıklığa kavuşmamıştır, daha detaylı değerlendirmelere ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

yüzme, kinematik, sualtı dolfin ayak vuruşu

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmada kullanılan ölçüm araçları Marmara Üniversitesi, Spor Bilimleri ve Sporcu Sağlığı Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Müdürlüğünce sağlanmıştır. Araştırma sürecinde su altı görüntüleme, veri toplama ve veri işleme sürecinde verdiği desteklerden dolayı Sayın İzzet Uğur ZENGİN'e teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF DOLPHIN KICK KINEMATIC PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS IN SWIMMERS

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of body composition, lower extremity lengths, and ankle joint range of motion on underwater dolphin kick performance. Nineteen male licensed swimmers voluntarily participated in the study. The dolphin kick kinematics were measured in a 25m short course pool using action camera. The kinematics of the start phase dolphin kick and turn phase dolphin kick were evaluated. The relationship between ankle range of motion and lower extremity lengths with dolphin kick performance was analyzed using Pearson Correlation test. In freestyle and backstroke swimming techniques, the start phase dolphin speed in freestyle and both start and turn phase dolphin speeds in backstroke were found to be correlated with the swimmer's body weight and body mass index (p<0.05). Moreover, in both swimming techniques, the 50m swimming speed was found to be correlated with the swimmer's height, body weight, and body mass index (p<0.05). The ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion angles showed no significant relationship with freestyle swimming, except for the association between right plantarflexion angle and turn phase dolphin speed (p>0.05). The kinematics of underwater dolphin kick during freestyle and backstroke swimming seem to be influenced by body weight and body mass index rather than extremity lengths. This suggests that for dolphin kick performance, muscle mass may be more influential than length. The lack of impact of ankle joint range of motion on this phase suggests that knee, hip, and trunk movements may be more effective during the dolphin kick. Particularly in short-distance swimming races where dolphin kick performance significantly affects swimming speed, parameters influencing this performance have not been fully elucidated, indicating the need for more detailed evaluations.

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