Obezitede Akdeniz Diyetinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyotasına Etkisi ve Kilo Vermeye Yansımaları

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 333 - 343, 01.05.2022

Alper Tokay , Şadiye Kıvrakdal , Büşra Kayalarlı , Aleyna Artar , Şennur Ganimet

Öz

: İnsan bağırsağı tümüyle “bağırsak mikrobiyotası” olarak bilinen çok sayıda mikroorganizmayı içerisinde barındırır. Trilyonlarca mikrop insan bağırsağında yaşarken hem kendi aralarında hem de konakçı ile etkileşiminde bulunarak; kolektif metabolik faaliyetleri yürütür, homeostazı sağlar ve hastalık sırasında konakçı üzerinde belirgin bir etki gösterir. Obezite ve neden olduğu metabolik bozukluklar, insan bağırsak mikrobiyotası bileşimi ve işlevinde spesifik değişikliklere yol açmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, bağırsak mikrobiyota bileşiminin obez ve obez olmayan bireyler arasında ne ölçüde farklılık gösterdiğine dair çelişkili kanıtlar vardır. Bağırsak mikrobiyota kompozisyonu üzerinde yapılan çalışmaların sonuçlarına göre mikrobiyota çeşitliliğin %57’sinin diyet değişiminden etkilendiği, sadece %12’lik bölümünün genetik farklılık ile ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sağlıklı ve obez bireylerdeki bu belirgin mikrobiyota değişiklikleri, obeziteyi ve ilişkili metabolik bozuklukları önlemeyi veya tedavi etmeyi amaçlayan terapötik müdahaleler için yeni yaklaşımlar sunabilmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarda Akdeniz tarzı beslenmenin mikrobiyota ile simbiyotik ilişki kurduğu görülmüştür. Akdeniz diyeti; bağırsak geçirgenliğini, endotoksemiyi, proinflamatuvar belirteci azaltmakta, kısa zincirli yağ asitlerinin üretimini artırarak bağırsak sağlığını olumlu etkilemesi ile kilo kaybını desteklemektedir. Ayrıca, bağırsak sağlığını olumsuz etkileyen doymuş yağ ve hayvansal protein bakımından fakir, mikrobiyotayı olumlu etkileyen antioksidanlar, fitosteroller, probiyotikler, lif ve tekli doymamış yağlar bakımından zengin bir beslenme modelidir. Elde edilen veriler sonucunda Akdeniz diyetinin Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium ve Prevotella seviyesinde yükselme; Clostridium ve Firmicutes seviyelerinde azalma sağlayarak obezite, lipit profili ve inflamasyonu iyileştirdiği görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, obezite ve Akdeniz diyetinin bağırsak mikrobiyotası üzerine etkisi ile Akdeniz diyetinin mikrobiyota kompozisyonu değişimiyle kilo vermeye yansımaları tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akdeniz diyeti, Bağırsak mikrobiyotası, Beslenme, Kilo kaybı, Obezite

Destekleyen Kurum

ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ

The Effect of Mediterranean Diet in Obesity on The Intestinal Microbiota and Reflections of Weight Loss

Öz

The human intestine contains a large number of microorganisms known as “intestinal microbiota”. While trillions of microbes live in the human intestine, by interacting with each other and with the host; it carries out collective metabolic activities, ensures homeostasis and exerts a pronounced effect on the host during illness. Obesity itself and metabolic disorders caused by obesity lead to specific changes in the composition and function of human intestinal microbiota. However, there is conflicting evidence as to how the gut microbiota composition differs between obese and non-obese individuals. According to the findings obtained from the studies on the intestinal microbiota composition, it has been determined that 57% of the microbiota diversity is affected by dietary change and only 12% of it is related to genetic difference. This marked microbiota change in healthy and obese individuals may offer new avenues for therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing or treating obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Studies have shown that the Mediterranean diet establishes a symbiotic relationship with the microbiota. Mediterranean diet decreases intestinal permeability, endotoxemia, proinflammatory markers and increases the production of short-chain fatty acid thus it supports weight loss by positively affecting intestinal healthy. In addition, it is a nutritional model that is poor in saturated fat and animal protein, which negatively affects intestinal health, and is rich in antioxidants, phytosterols, probiotics, fiber and monounsaturated fats that positively affect the microbiota. As a result of the data obtained, an increase in the level of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Prevotella of the Mediterranean diet; it has been shown to improve obesity, lipid profile and inflammation by reducing Clostridium and Firmicutes levels. In this study, the effects of obesity and the Mediterranean diet on intestinal microbiota and the effects of the Mediterranean diet on weight loss with changes in microbiota composition will be discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mediterranean diet, Intestinal microbiota, Nutrition, Weight loss, Obesity

Kaynakça

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