Sağlık Çalışanlarının COVID-19 Aşısı Yaptırma Konusundaki Tutumlarını Etkileyen Faktörler
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 180 - 187, 30.08.2022
Sinan Yılmaz
,
Büşra Ulaştepe
,
Zahide Koşan
,
Serhat Vançelik
,
Emine Parlak
,
Sibel İba Yılmaz
Öz
Amaç: Sağlık çalışanlarında SARS-CoV-2 maruziyeti riski genel toplumdan daha yüksektir. Tıbbi konularda toplumda rol model olan sağlık çalışanlarının aşılara karşı tutumu toplumun da yaklaşımını etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma ile Erzurum ilinde görev yapan sağlık çalışanlarının COVID-19 aşısına karşı tutumlarının ve aşı kararsızlığı yaşayanlarda etkili faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte planlanan bu çalışma, 2021 yılı Ocak-Mayıs arasında Erzurum ilinde görev yapan sağlık çalışanlarına online anket formu ile uygulandı. Verilerin analizi SPSS v25 programı ile yapıldı.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan 235 sağlık çalışanının yaş ortalaması 36.3±9.2 yıl ve %56.2’si kadındı. Katılımcıların %69.4’ü hekim, %20’si hemşire, %10.6’sı destek personeli olup, meslekte çalışma süresi ortalaması 12.1±9.2 yıldı. Katılımcıların %27.6’sı aşı yaptırmak istemiyor veya kararsızdı. Sağlık çalışanlarının %75.3’ü COVID-19 aşısını yakınlarına/kendilerine danışanlara önerebileceğini belirtti. COVID-19 aşısı konusunda kararsız olan veya yaptırmak istemeyen katılımcıların %32.3’ü yan etkiler konusunda endişe duyduklarını, %26.1’i aşı hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıklarını belirtmişti. Erkek cinsiyet ve meslekte çalışma süresindeki artış aşıya karşı tutumu olumlu yönde etkileyen faktörler olarak öne çıkmıştır. Katılımcılardan mevsimsel influenza aşısını düzenli yaptıranlar arasında COVID-19 aşısına olumlu yaklaşanların sıklığı %88.6 iken, yaptırmayanlarda %68.6 idi (p<0.001). Katılımcı hekimlerde COVID-19 aşısını yakınlarına/kendilerine danışanlara önerme oranı diğer sağlık çalışanlarına göre anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksekti (p=0.025).
Sonuç: Toplumda gün geçtikçe daha da önemli bir problem haline gelen aşı kararsızlığı, sağlık çalışanları arasında da yüksek oranlarda görülmekte ve genel olarak bu durumun nedeni bilgi eksikliği gibi görünmektedir. Daha etkin bir meslek içi eğitim ile bu konudaki endişe ve bilgi eksikliklerinin giderilmesi gerekmektedir.
Kaynakça
- Organization WH. Vaccines and immunization. Accessed June 18, 2021. https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1
- HSGM. Aşının Yararları. Published 2018. Accessed June 21, 2021. https://asi.saglik.gov.tr/genel-bilgiler/27-aşının-yararları.html
- Sachiko Ozawa , Samantha Clark , Allison Portnoy, et al.DGW. Return On Investment From Childhood Immunization In Low- And Middle-Income Countries. Health Aff (Millwood). 2016;35(2):199-207. Accessed June 21, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1086
- Halloran ME, Struchiner CJ, Longini IM. Study Designs for Evaluating Different Efficacy and Effectiveness Aspects of Vaccines. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;146(10):789-803. https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/146/10/789/74064
- WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Herd immunity, lockdowns and COVID-19. 31 December 2020. Accessed June 21, 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/herd-immunity-lockdowns-and-covid-19
- MacDonald NE, Eskola J, Liang X, et al. Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine. 2015;33(34):4161-4164. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036
- Organization WH. Ten threats to global health in 2019. Published 2019. Accessed July 20, 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019
- Coronavirus Research Center JHU. COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
- Capitalist V. The Front Line: Visualizing the Occupations with the Highest COVID-19 Risk. April 15 2020. Accessed January 28, 2021. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-front-line-visualizing-the-occupations-with-the-highest-covid-19-risk/
- Nesanır N, Bahadır A, Karcıoğlu Ö, ve ark. TÜRKİYE’DE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANI ÖLÜMLERİNİN ANLATTIĞI.; 2021. https://www.ttb.org.tr/userfiles/files/son_son_saglik_emekcileri_olumleri_rapor.pdf
- Organization WH. Health and Care Worker Deaths during COVID-19. 20 October 2021. Accessed January 28, 2022. https://www.who.int/news/item/20-10-2021-health-and-care-worker-deaths-during-covid-19
- Karafillakis E, Dinca I, Apfel F, et al. Vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in Europe: A qualitative study. Vaccine. 2016;34(41):5013-5020. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.029
- Hackett AJ. Risk, its perception and the media: the MMR controversy. Community Pract. 81(7):22-25.
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Communication on Immunisation : Building Trust.; 2012.
- Sapci E, Gungormus Z. Çığ Gibi Büyüyen Evrensel Sorun: Aşı Karşıtlığı-Aşı Reddi ve Hemşirelerin Sorumlukları ÖZ. J Educ Res Nurs. 2021;18(3):352-355. doi:10.5152/jern.2021.60243
- Paterson P, Meurice F, Stanberry LR, et al. Vaccine hesitancy and healthcare providers. Vaccine. 2016;34(52):6700-6706. doi:10.1016/J.VACCINE.2016.10.042
- Kose S, Mandiracioglu A, Sahin S, ve ark. Vaccine hesitancy of the COVID-19 by health care personnel. Int J Clin Pract. 2020;e13917. doi:10.1111/ijcp.13917
- Akarsu B, Canbay Özdemir D, Ayhan Baser D, et al. While studies on COVID-19 vaccine is ongoing, the public’s thoughts and attitudes to the future COVID-19 vaccine. Int J Clin Pr. 2020;75(4):e13891. doi:10.1111/ijcp.13891
- Özbalikçi E, Aydin ES, İpek İ, ve ark. Türkiye’de tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin aşı, bağışıklama, aşı kararsızlığı ve COVID-19 aşısı hakkındaki bilgi ve düşünceleri. Turk Hij ve Deney Biyol Derg. 2021;78(3):317-332. doi:10.5505/TURKHIJYEN.2021.39205
- Salali GD, Uysal MS. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is associated with beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus in the UK and Turkey. Psychol Med. Published online 2020. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004067
- Detoc M, Bruel S, Frappe P, et al. Intention to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial and to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in France during the pandemic. Vaccine. 2020;38(45):7002-7006. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.041
- Eguia H, Vinciarelli F, Bosque-Prous M, et al. Spain’s Hesitation at the Gates of a COVID-19 Vaccine. Published online 2021. doi:10.3390/vaccines9020170
- Grech V, Gauci C, Agius S. Vaccine hesitancy among Maltese healthcare workers toward influenza and novel COVID-19 vaccination. Early Hum Dev. 2020;(xxxx). doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105213
- Fisher KA, Bloomstone SJ, Walder J, et al. Attitudes Toward a Potential SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: A Survey of U.S. Adults. Published online 2020. doi:10.7326/M20-3569
- Dror AA, Eisenbach N, Taiber S, et al. Vaccine hesitancy: the next challenge in the fight against COVID-19. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020;35(8):775-779. doi:10.1007/s10654-020-00671-y
- Galbadage T, Peterson BM, Awada J, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of sex-specific COVID-19 clinical outcomes. Front Med. 2020;7. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00348
- Group WTSVHW. What influences vaccine acceptance: A model of determinants of vaccine hesitancy. 18 March 2013. Accessed February 2, 2022. https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2013/april/1_Model_analyze_driversofvaccineConfidence_22_March.pdf
- Stefanoff P, Mamelund SE, Robinson M, et al. Tracking parental attitudes on vaccination across European countries: The Vaccine Safety, Attitudes, Training and Communication Project (VACSATC). Vaccine. 2010;28(35):5731-5737. doi:10.1016/J.VACCINE.2010.06.009
- Alonso JAN, González PJB, Carbonell JCN. Analysis of factors influencing vaccine uptake: perspective from Spain. Vaccine. 2001;20:S13-S15. doi:10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00300-0
- Schmitt H-J, Booy R, Aston R, et al. How to optimise the coverage rate of infant and adult immunisations in Europe. BMC Med. 2007;5(11). doi:10.1186/1741-7015-5-11
- Ridda I, Motbey C, Lam L, et al. Factors associated with pneumococcal immunisation among hospitalised elderly persons: A survey of patient’s perception, attitude, and knowledge. Vaccine. 2008;26(2):234-240. doi:10.1016/J.VACCINE.2007.10.067
Factors Affecting the Attitudes of Healthcare Workers to Get COVID-19 Vaccination
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 180 - 187, 30.08.2022
Sinan Yılmaz
,
Büşra Ulaştepe
,
Zahide Koşan
,
Serhat Vançelik
,
Emine Parlak
,
Sibel İba Yılmaz
Öz
Objective: Healthcare workers are at high risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Attitudes of healthcare workers towards vaccines also affect the approach of society to vaccines. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the attitudes of healthcare workers in Erzurum towards the COVID-19 vaccine and the factors affecting vaccine hesitations.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was applied to healthcare workers in Erzurum between January and May 2021 with an online questionnaire. SPSS v25 program was used in data analysis.
Results: The mean age of 235 healthcare workers participating in the study was 36.3±9.2 years and 56.2% were women. 69.4% of the participants were physicians, 20% were nurses and 10.6% were support personnel. The rate of vaccine hesitancy/rejection among the participants was 27.6%. 32.3% of the participants who have COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy/rejection, stated that they were worried about side effects and 26.1% stated that they did not have enough information about the vaccine. Male gender and increase in working time were factors that positively affected attitudes towards vaccination. The approach to the COVID-19 vaccine was more positive in the participants who had the seasonal influenza vaccine regularly (p<0.001). The rate of recommending the COVID-19 vaccine by physicians participating in the study was higher than other healthcare workers (p=0.025).
Conclusion: Vaccine hesitancy is an increasing problem in society and it’s also high among healthcare workers. In general, the reason for this situation is the lack of information. It is necessary to eliminate the concerns and lack of knowledge on this subject with regular vocational training.
Kaynakça
- Organization WH. Vaccines and immunization. Accessed June 18, 2021. https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1
- HSGM. Aşının Yararları. Published 2018. Accessed June 21, 2021. https://asi.saglik.gov.tr/genel-bilgiler/27-aşının-yararları.html
- Sachiko Ozawa , Samantha Clark , Allison Portnoy, et al.DGW. Return On Investment From Childhood Immunization In Low- And Middle-Income Countries. Health Aff (Millwood). 2016;35(2):199-207. Accessed June 21, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1086
- Halloran ME, Struchiner CJ, Longini IM. Study Designs for Evaluating Different Efficacy and Effectiveness Aspects of Vaccines. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;146(10):789-803. https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/146/10/789/74064
- WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Herd immunity, lockdowns and COVID-19. 31 December 2020. Accessed June 21, 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/herd-immunity-lockdowns-and-covid-19
- MacDonald NE, Eskola J, Liang X, et al. Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine. 2015;33(34):4161-4164. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036
- Organization WH. Ten threats to global health in 2019. Published 2019. Accessed July 20, 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019
- Coronavirus Research Center JHU. COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
- Capitalist V. The Front Line: Visualizing the Occupations with the Highest COVID-19 Risk. April 15 2020. Accessed January 28, 2021. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-front-line-visualizing-the-occupations-with-the-highest-covid-19-risk/
- Nesanır N, Bahadır A, Karcıoğlu Ö, ve ark. TÜRKİYE’DE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANI ÖLÜMLERİNİN ANLATTIĞI.; 2021. https://www.ttb.org.tr/userfiles/files/son_son_saglik_emekcileri_olumleri_rapor.pdf
- Organization WH. Health and Care Worker Deaths during COVID-19. 20 October 2021. Accessed January 28, 2022. https://www.who.int/news/item/20-10-2021-health-and-care-worker-deaths-during-covid-19
- Karafillakis E, Dinca I, Apfel F, et al. Vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in Europe: A qualitative study. Vaccine. 2016;34(41):5013-5020. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.029
- Hackett AJ. Risk, its perception and the media: the MMR controversy. Community Pract. 81(7):22-25.
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Communication on Immunisation : Building Trust.; 2012.
- Sapci E, Gungormus Z. Çığ Gibi Büyüyen Evrensel Sorun: Aşı Karşıtlığı-Aşı Reddi ve Hemşirelerin Sorumlukları ÖZ. J Educ Res Nurs. 2021;18(3):352-355. doi:10.5152/jern.2021.60243
- Paterson P, Meurice F, Stanberry LR, et al. Vaccine hesitancy and healthcare providers. Vaccine. 2016;34(52):6700-6706. doi:10.1016/J.VACCINE.2016.10.042
- Kose S, Mandiracioglu A, Sahin S, ve ark. Vaccine hesitancy of the COVID-19 by health care personnel. Int J Clin Pract. 2020;e13917. doi:10.1111/ijcp.13917
- Akarsu B, Canbay Özdemir D, Ayhan Baser D, et al. While studies on COVID-19 vaccine is ongoing, the public’s thoughts and attitudes to the future COVID-19 vaccine. Int J Clin Pr. 2020;75(4):e13891. doi:10.1111/ijcp.13891
- Özbalikçi E, Aydin ES, İpek İ, ve ark. Türkiye’de tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin aşı, bağışıklama, aşı kararsızlığı ve COVID-19 aşısı hakkındaki bilgi ve düşünceleri. Turk Hij ve Deney Biyol Derg. 2021;78(3):317-332. doi:10.5505/TURKHIJYEN.2021.39205
- Salali GD, Uysal MS. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is associated with beliefs on the origin of the novel coronavirus in the UK and Turkey. Psychol Med. Published online 2020. doi:10.1017/S0033291720004067
- Detoc M, Bruel S, Frappe P, et al. Intention to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial and to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in France during the pandemic. Vaccine. 2020;38(45):7002-7006. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.041
- Eguia H, Vinciarelli F, Bosque-Prous M, et al. Spain’s Hesitation at the Gates of a COVID-19 Vaccine. Published online 2021. doi:10.3390/vaccines9020170
- Grech V, Gauci C, Agius S. Vaccine hesitancy among Maltese healthcare workers toward influenza and novel COVID-19 vaccination. Early Hum Dev. 2020;(xxxx). doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105213
- Fisher KA, Bloomstone SJ, Walder J, et al. Attitudes Toward a Potential SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: A Survey of U.S. Adults. Published online 2020. doi:10.7326/M20-3569
- Dror AA, Eisenbach N, Taiber S, et al. Vaccine hesitancy: the next challenge in the fight against COVID-19. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020;35(8):775-779. doi:10.1007/s10654-020-00671-y
- Galbadage T, Peterson BM, Awada J, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of sex-specific COVID-19 clinical outcomes. Front Med. 2020;7. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00348
- Group WTSVHW. What influences vaccine acceptance: A model of determinants of vaccine hesitancy. 18 March 2013. Accessed February 2, 2022. https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2013/april/1_Model_analyze_driversofvaccineConfidence_22_March.pdf
- Stefanoff P, Mamelund SE, Robinson M, et al. Tracking parental attitudes on vaccination across European countries: The Vaccine Safety, Attitudes, Training and Communication Project (VACSATC). Vaccine. 2010;28(35):5731-5737. doi:10.1016/J.VACCINE.2010.06.009
- Alonso JAN, González PJB, Carbonell JCN. Analysis of factors influencing vaccine uptake: perspective from Spain. Vaccine. 2001;20:S13-S15. doi:10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00300-0
- Schmitt H-J, Booy R, Aston R, et al. How to optimise the coverage rate of infant and adult immunisations in Europe. BMC Med. 2007;5(11). doi:10.1186/1741-7015-5-11
- Ridda I, Motbey C, Lam L, et al. Factors associated with pneumococcal immunisation among hospitalised elderly persons: A survey of patient’s perception, attitude, and knowledge. Vaccine. 2008;26(2):234-240. doi:10.1016/J.VACCINE.2007.10.067