W ve Nb İlavesi ile Modifiye Edilmiş Ferritik Sünek Dökme Demirlerin Karakterizasyonu
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 15 - 21, 31.12.2018
Gülşah Aktaş Çelik
,
Şeyda Polat
,
Şaban Hakan Atapek
Gregory N. Haıdemenopoulos
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, ekzoz manifoldu olarak kullanılan
ticari SiMo alaşımlarına alternatif ferritik sünek dökme demirlerin Mo yerine W
ve Nb kullanımı ile geliştirilmesidir. Kimyasal kompozisyon tasarımında
dengedeki bütün faz dönüşümlerinin izlenmesi için Thermo-Calc yazılımı kullanılmış
ve elde edilen bulgular ticari SiMo alaşımı ile karşılaştırılmıştır.
Hesaplamalar, kompozisyonda bulunan Mo, W ve Nb alaşım elementlerine bağlı
olarak M6C ve MC gibi karbürlerin oluştuğunu göstermiştir.
Hesaplanan kritik dönüşüm sıcaklıkları W ve Nb kullanımının yanı sıra,
arttırılmış Si içeriği ile daha yüksek değerlere kaymıştır. Tasarlanan
kompozisyonlar döküm yoluyla üretilmiş ve mikroyapısal özellikleri çeşitli metalurjik
analizlerle belirlenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar (i) hesaplamalar ile tahmin edildiği
gibi mikroyapının ferritik matriks içerisinde grafit ve karbürlerden
oluştuğunu, (ii) grafit morfolojisinin alaşım elementine bağlı olarak
değiştiğini ve Nb katkısının grafit morfolojisini küreselden vermikülere doğru
değiştirdiğini göstermiştir.
Kaynakça
- [1] Y-J. Kim, H. Jang, Y-J Oh, “High-temperature low-cycle fatigue property of heat-resistant ductile-cast irons” Metall. Mater. Trans. A, vol. 40A, p. 2087-2097, 2009.
- [2] X Wu, G. Quan, R. Macneil, Z. Zhang, X. Liu, C. Sloss, “Thermomechanical fatigue of ductile cast iron and its life prediction”, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, vol. 46, no. 6, p. 2530–2543, 2015.
- [3] P. Matteis, G. Scavino, A. Castello, D. Firrao, “High-cycle fatigue resistance of Si-Mo ductile cast iron as affected by Temperature and strain rate”, Metall and Materi Trans A, vol.46A, p. 4086-4094, 2015.
- [4] L. M. Åberg, C. Hartung, “Solidification of SiMo nodular cast iron for high temperature applications”, Trans Indian Inst Met vol. 65, no.6, p.633–636, 2012.
- [5] M. Ekström, S.Jonsson,” High-temperature mechanical-and fatigue properties of cast alloys Intended for use in exhaust manifolds”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol 616, p.78–87, 2014.
- [6] P. Matteis, G. Scavino, A. Castello, D. Firrao, High temperature fatigue properties of a Si-Mo ductile cast iron, Procedia Mater. Sci., vol. 3, p. 2154-2159, 2014
- [7] D. Li, Discussion of “Microstructure and hot oxidation resistance of SiMo ductile cast irons containing Si-Mo-Al”, Metall and Materi Trans B, vol. 49B, p. 858-859, 2018.
- [8] M. Ekström, P. Szakalos, S. Jonsson, Influence of Cr and Ni on high-temperature corrosion behavior of ferritic ductile cast iron in air and exhaust gases, Oxid. Met. vol. 80, p. 455–466, 2013.
- [9] A. A. Partoaa, M. Abdolzadeh, M. Rezaeizadeh, “Effect of fin attachment on thermal stress reduction of exhaust manifold of an off road diesel engine”, J. Cent. South Univ. vol. 24 p. 546−559, 2017.
- [10] F. Tholence, M. Norell, High Temperature Corrosion of Cast Alloys in Exhaust Environments. II—Cast Stainless Steels, Oxid Met, vol. 69, p. 37–62, 2008.
- [11] J. P. Shingledecker, P. J. Maziasz, N. D. Evansa, M. J. Pollard, Creep behavior of a new cast austenitic alloy, Int. J. Press. Vessels Pip. vol. 84, p.21–28, 2007.
- [12] Y. Zhang, M. Li, L. A. Godlewski, J. W. Zindel, Q. Feng, Effects of W on creep behaviors of novel Nb-bearing high nitrogen austenitic heat-resistant cast steels at 1000 °C, Mater. Charact. vol. 139 p. 19–29, 2018.
- [13] G. E. Totten, Steel Heat Treatment, second ed. Portland, Longman, New York, 2006.
- [14] X. Chen, J. Xu, H. Hu, H. Mohrbacher, M. Kang, W. Zhang, A. Guo, Q. Zhai, “Effects of niobium addition on microstructure and tensile behavior of ascast ductile iron”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol 688, p. 416-428, 2017.
- [15] A. Bedolla-Jacuinde, E. Solisand, B. Hernandez, “Effect of niobium in medium alloyed ductile cast irons”, Int, J. Cast Met. Res., vol. 16, no. 5, p. 1-6, 2003.
Characterization of Ferritic Ductile Cast Irons Modified by W and Nb Additions
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 15 - 21, 31.12.2018
Gülşah Aktaş Çelik
,
Şeyda Polat
,
Şaban Hakan Atapek
Gregory N. Haıdemenopoulos
Öz
The aim of
this study was to develop ferritic ductile cast irons as alternative exhaust
manifold materials to commercial SiMo alloy using elements like W and Nb in
place of Mo. In the compositional design, Thermo-Calc software was used to
follow all the phase transformations at equilibrium and obtained results were
compared with the commercial SiMo alloy. Calculations revealed several alloy
carbides such as M6C and MC depending on the presence of Mo, W and
Nb within the composition. The calculated critical transformation temperatures
shifted to higher ones by the usage of W and Nb in place of Mo and higher Si. The
designed compositions were then cast and their microstructural features were
characterized by several metallurgical analyses. The examinations on the cast
alloys showed that; (i) microstructural features i.e. ferritic matrix,
graphite, carbides were present within the solidified structure as predicted, (ii)
graphite morphology varied according to the alloying element and Nb strongly
deteriorated graphite morphology by changing it from spheroidal to irregular spheroidal and vermicular.
Kaynakça
- [1] Y-J. Kim, H. Jang, Y-J Oh, “High-temperature low-cycle fatigue property of heat-resistant ductile-cast irons” Metall. Mater. Trans. A, vol. 40A, p. 2087-2097, 2009.
- [2] X Wu, G. Quan, R. Macneil, Z. Zhang, X. Liu, C. Sloss, “Thermomechanical fatigue of ductile cast iron and its life prediction”, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, vol. 46, no. 6, p. 2530–2543, 2015.
- [3] P. Matteis, G. Scavino, A. Castello, D. Firrao, “High-cycle fatigue resistance of Si-Mo ductile cast iron as affected by Temperature and strain rate”, Metall and Materi Trans A, vol.46A, p. 4086-4094, 2015.
- [4] L. M. Åberg, C. Hartung, “Solidification of SiMo nodular cast iron for high temperature applications”, Trans Indian Inst Met vol. 65, no.6, p.633–636, 2012.
- [5] M. Ekström, S.Jonsson,” High-temperature mechanical-and fatigue properties of cast alloys Intended for use in exhaust manifolds”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol 616, p.78–87, 2014.
- [6] P. Matteis, G. Scavino, A. Castello, D. Firrao, High temperature fatigue properties of a Si-Mo ductile cast iron, Procedia Mater. Sci., vol. 3, p. 2154-2159, 2014
- [7] D. Li, Discussion of “Microstructure and hot oxidation resistance of SiMo ductile cast irons containing Si-Mo-Al”, Metall and Materi Trans B, vol. 49B, p. 858-859, 2018.
- [8] M. Ekström, P. Szakalos, S. Jonsson, Influence of Cr and Ni on high-temperature corrosion behavior of ferritic ductile cast iron in air and exhaust gases, Oxid. Met. vol. 80, p. 455–466, 2013.
- [9] A. A. Partoaa, M. Abdolzadeh, M. Rezaeizadeh, “Effect of fin attachment on thermal stress reduction of exhaust manifold of an off road diesel engine”, J. Cent. South Univ. vol. 24 p. 546−559, 2017.
- [10] F. Tholence, M. Norell, High Temperature Corrosion of Cast Alloys in Exhaust Environments. II—Cast Stainless Steels, Oxid Met, vol. 69, p. 37–62, 2008.
- [11] J. P. Shingledecker, P. J. Maziasz, N. D. Evansa, M. J. Pollard, Creep behavior of a new cast austenitic alloy, Int. J. Press. Vessels Pip. vol. 84, p.21–28, 2007.
- [12] Y. Zhang, M. Li, L. A. Godlewski, J. W. Zindel, Q. Feng, Effects of W on creep behaviors of novel Nb-bearing high nitrogen austenitic heat-resistant cast steels at 1000 °C, Mater. Charact. vol. 139 p. 19–29, 2018.
- [13] G. E. Totten, Steel Heat Treatment, second ed. Portland, Longman, New York, 2006.
- [14] X. Chen, J. Xu, H. Hu, H. Mohrbacher, M. Kang, W. Zhang, A. Guo, Q. Zhai, “Effects of niobium addition on microstructure and tensile behavior of ascast ductile iron”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol 688, p. 416-428, 2017.
- [15] A. Bedolla-Jacuinde, E. Solisand, B. Hernandez, “Effect of niobium in medium alloyed ductile cast irons”, Int, J. Cast Met. Res., vol. 16, no. 5, p. 1-6, 2003.