19.Yüzyıl Güney Afrika İktisat Tarihi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1, 85 - 95, 15.08.2023

Nihal Cihan Temizer

Öz

Güney Afrika ekonomisi çeşitli aşamalardan geçmiştir. Öncelikle Hollandalı’lar geçen gemilere yiyecek temin etmek amacı ile adaya gelmişlerdir. Sonrasında Ümit Burnu’nun stratejik önemi dolayısıyla Britanya işgal etmiştir. Britanya işgalinden sonra sömürge ülkesi haline gelmiştir. Kendine kendine yetmeye çalışan topraklarında üretim yapan yerliler, topraklarından zorla çıkarılarak ucuz işgücü olmaya zorlanmışlardır. Britanyalılar gemilerle gelerek burada sosyo-ekonomik bir yapı inşa etmeye çalışmıştır. Altın ve elmasın keşfi ile Britanya sermaye birikimini hızlandırmıştır. Ayrıca Güney Afrika’ya sonradan gelenler yerleşimciler siyahilere ırkçılık yapılmıştır. Çalışma ve yaşam koşulları beyazların çok daha gerisinde kalmıştır. Buna karşılık olarak siyahiler direnişe geçmiştir. Ve direnişi kazanarak Mandela liderleri olmuştur. Mandela yönetiminde siyahilerin hakları genişletilmiştir. Ancak yine de Güney Afrika’da yoksulluk problemi tamamen çözülememiştir. Çalışmada tüm bu dönüşümler yerli ve yabancı literatür taranarak detaylı şekilde ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Güney Afrika, Irkçılık, Toprak, Çiftçilik, Emek

19th Century South African Economic History

Öz

The South African economy has gone through several phases. First of all, the Dutch came to the island to provide food for passing ships. Later, due to the strategic importance of the Cape of Good Hope, Britain occupied it. It became a colonial country after the British occupation. The natives who produce on their lands trying to be self-sufficient were forced out of their lands and forced to become cheap labor. The British came by ships and tried to build a socio-economic structure here. With the discovery of gold and diamonds, Britain accelerated its capital accumulation. In addition, racism was made against the settlers who came to South Africa later. Working and living conditions lagged far behind whites. In response, blacks resisted. And by winning the resistance, Mandela became their leader. Under Mandela, the rights of blacks were expanded. However, the problem of poverty in South Africa has not been completely resolved. In the study, all these transformations were discussed in detail by scanning domestic and foreign literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

South Africa, Racism, Land, Farming, Labour

Kaynakça

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