Mineralogy and geochemistry of kaolinitic clays in the Şile Neogene Basin (İstanbul, Türkiye)

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 176 Sayı: 176, 1 - 1

Bala Ekinci Şans , Oral Zarikaya , Fahri Esenli , Şenel Özdamar , Hakan Tunçdemir , Ümit Karadoğan , Mustafa Kumral

https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.1627560

Öz

Şile Neogene Basin (ŞNB) is one of the world's crucial sedimentary clay-sand-coal basins, where approximately 3 million tons of clay and 20 million tons of sand are produced annually. The ŞNB, with a thickness of <54 m, lies unconformably on partly Paleozoic and partly Mesozoic basement units. Clay levels with a total thickness of <21 m comprise mainly kaolinite, quartz and illite, and small amounts of Ca-smectite, mixed-layered phase (I/S), feldspar, siderite, chlorite, muscovite (+/- sericite), anatase, iron oxides/hydroxides, alunite and pyrite. Geochemically, most of the major oxides and SiO2/Al2O3 ratios do not show significant changes on the vertical or lateral scale. On the other hand, K2O, trace elements, REE contents and Th/U ratios of the clay levels overlaying the Paleozoic sandstones are higher than the clays overlaying the Mesozoic volcanics. REEs are higher in the lower part of the Neogene sequence than in the upper part. The mineralogical and geochemical data show that the existing material of ŞNB is an accumulation of different basement rock groups, the mineral type and size of the transported fragments varied at short intervals and carried the effects of various environmental conditions and alteration types.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Clay mineralogy, Geology, Kaolinite, Neogene, Şile

Etik Beyan

The authors are grateful to Adnan Geredeli (Chairman of the Board of Directors; SERHAM, Ceramic Glass and Cement Raw Materials Industrialists Association, Türkiye) for his valuable contributions. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Davut Laçin and two anonymous reviewers for their extremely careful and constructive reviews. They are also grateful to Dr. Halim Mutlu for his insightful editorial comments and suggestions.

Teşekkür

The authors are grateful to Adnan Geredeli (Chairman of the Board of Directors; SERHAM, Ceramic Glass and Cement Raw Materials Industrialists Association, Türkiye) for his valuable contributions. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Davut Laçin and two anonymous reviewers for their extremely careful and constructive reviews. They are also grateful to Dr. Halim Mutlu for his insightful editorial comments and suggestions.

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