Elektrikli Araçlarda Kullanılan Lityum İyon Bataryaların Hava, Sıvı Ve Isı Borulu Termal Yönetim Sistemlerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 36 - 54, 31.12.2023

Ferhat Akkuş , Mehmet Zerrakki Işık

https://doi.org/10.55024/buyasambid.1339607

Öz

Elektrikli araçlarda kullanılan ve direkt olarak aracın performansına etkileyen bataryalar, kimyasal enerjiyi elektrik enerjisine dönüştürerek elektrik motorunun dönmesini sağlayan en önemli parçadır. Bataryalar içerisinde lityum iyon bataryalar, diğer bataryalara göre yaygın olarak kullanılmasının sebebi, enerji yoğunluğunun, geri dönüştürülebilirliğinin ve özgül gücünün yüksek, ağırlığının ve kendi kendine deşarj oranlarının düşük, daha uzun çevrim ömrü ve daha fazla enerji depolanabilirliğe sahip olmasıdır. Lityum iyon batarya hücrelerinin güvenliği, performansı ve dayanıklılığı sıcaklığa karşı hassas olduğundan optimum çalışma sıcaklığı 20 °C ile 40 °C arasındadır. Optimum çalışma sıcaklığının üzerindeki sıcaklıklarda batarya hücresinin aşırı ısınması termal kaçaklara, bataryalarda yanmalara ve hatta patlamalara sebep olmaktadır. Bataryaların aşırı ısınmasını engellemek amacıyla batarya hücresinin sıcaklığının homojen olarak dağılması, çalışma sıcaklığının öngörülen aralıkta tutulması ve istenilen sıcaklığın sağlanması batarya termal yönetimi için en önemli parametrelerdir. Bu çalışma lityum iyon bataryaların kullanılmasında en çok karşılaşılan sorunlardan biri batarya hücresinin sıcaklığının homojen dağılması ve optimum çalışma sıcaklığı aralığında tutulmasına yönelik yapılan batarya termal yönetim sistemlerine genel bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır. Bu makale son yıllarda kullanılan hava soğutmalı, sıvı soğutmalı ve ısı borulu soğutmalı yöntemleri tanıtır, avantaj ve dezavantajları tartışarak karşılaştırır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elektrikli Araçlar, Lityum İyon Bataryalar, Batarya Termal Yönetim Sistemleri

Investigation Of Air, Liquid And Heat Pipe Thermal Management Systems Of Lithium-Ion Batteries Used In Electric Vehicles

Öz

Batteries used in electric vehicles and directly affecting performance are essential parts that enable the electric motor to move by converting chemical energy into electrical energy. Lithium-ion batteries are widely used compared to other rechargeable batteries.; They have high energy density, recyclability and specific power, low weight and self-discharge rates, longer cycle life and more energy storage capacity. While power is generated from the anode and cathode electrodes in the batteries by the movements of the anode electrodes, heat energy is also generated. In lithium-ion batteries, reversible heat production occurs with entropy change, and irreversible heat production occurs with electrical resistance. Since the safety, performance and durability of lithium-ion battery cells are sensitive to temperature, the optimum operating temperature is between 20 °C and 40 °C. Excessive heat production of batteries causes temperatures above the optimum operating temperature and causes the battery cell to overheat. Excessive temperature increases due to heat production cause thermal leaks, burns and even battery explosions. In order to prevent batteries from overheating, distributing the temperature of the battery cell homogeneously, keeping the operating temperature within the prescribed range and ensuring the desired temperature are the most critical parameters for battery thermal management. In this study, air cooling, liquid cooling and heat pipe cooling methods used in the thermal management of lithium-ion batteries were examined. As a result of the examination, the advantages and disadvantages of the cooling methods used are compared.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lithium-Ion Batteries, Electric Vehicles, Battery Thermal Management Systems

Kaynakça

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