Yunanistan’daki Roman haklarının Avrupa Birliği’nin normatif gücü ışığında sorgulanması

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 27, 395 - 424, 18.12.2019

Ali Hüseyinoğlu , Gizem Alioğlu Çakmak

https://doi.org/10.17518/canakkalearastirmalari.661221

Öz

Romanlara yönelik ırkçılık, ayrımcılık ve gündelik yaşamlarında karşılaştıkları temel insan hak ihlalleri, dünyanın ve Avrupa’nın farklı yerlerinde artarak devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma 1981 yılında Avrupa Topluluğu üyesi olmuş Yunanistan’ın Romanlara yönelik uyguladığı politikalardaki süreklilik ve değişimleri sebep ve sonuçları ile analiz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda Roman kimliğinin devamlılığını sağlayan sosyo-ekonomik yaşam, eğitim, barınma, sağlık, örgütlenme ve negatif algılar parametreleri ekseninde Romanlara yönelik uygulamalar sorgulanmakta ve eski-yeni sorunlar ekseninde hak ihlallerinin ne derece son bulduğuna cevap aranmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel amacı, Romanlara yönelik Yunanistan’ın izlemiş olduğu politikalar ve atmış olduğu somut adımlarda Avrupa Birliği (AB) normlarının ve Avrupa’nın normatif gücünün etkisini analiz etmektir. Bu bağlamda, Ian Manners’in 2002 yılında ortaya koyduğu olduğu “normatif güç kavramı” ışığında, Yunanistan’ın 1981 yılından günümüze Romanların hakların sağlanması ve yaşam koşullarının iyileştirilmesi ile ilgili somut adımlarda AB’nin dönüştürücü etkisi tartışılmaktadır. Bu eksende çalışmanın temel argümanı, Yunanistan’ın Romanların temel hak ihlallerinin son bulmasına yönelik attığı neredeyse tüm uygulamaların temelinde, Avrupa normlarının etkisi ve AB tarafından sağlanan maddi yardım ve fonlarla desteklenen normatif gücü bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da ortaya konduğu üzere, özellikle 2014-2020 Kalkınma Çerçevesi için Ortaklık Anlaşması kapsamında Romanların yaşam koşullarının iyileştirilmesine yönelik atılmış birçok somut adım ve hayata geçirilmiş düzenlemelere rağmen, Romanların temel insan haklardan faydalanmaları yönündeki eksiklikler 2019 itibarıyla devam etmektedir. Bu da Yunanistan’daki Romanların çoğunluk toplum ile entegre olmalarını daha da geciktirmekte, onları kendi gettolarında kendi sorunlarıyla mücadele etmelerine devam ettirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Romanlar, İnsan Hakları, Avrupa Birliği, Stratejik Çerçeve

Kaynakça

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