AVRUPA MÜLTECİ KRİZİ: AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ KİMLİĞİ İÇİN BİR SINAMA MI?

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 20 - 39, 29.12.2020

Serdar Çakmak

Öz

Günümüzde Avrupa Birliği kimlik yapısı ve dinamiğinin, iç çelişkileri nedeniyle bir krizde olduğu tahmininde bulunmak mümkün görünmektedir. Ayrıca AB kimliği, yeni ve istikrarsız bir oluşum örneğinde olduğu gibi uluslararası sorunlarla başa çıkamamaktadır. Avrupa kimliği kavramının belirsizliğiyle ve ulus-üstü kimlik inşa süreciyle ilgili büyük çaplı zorluklar yaşayan Avrupa; ekonomik kriz, dünya politikasındaki istikrarsızlık, Avrupa'daki terör saldırılarına ve milyonlarca insanın savaştan kaçmasına yol açan Doğu ülkelerindeki iç savaşlar gibi eksojen nitelikli (dış kaynaklı) sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Kısacası, bugün için Avrupa'da var olan istikrasızlığın temel sebebi, Avrupa'nın ve AB kimliğinin bunlara hazırlıklı olmaması gerçeğidir. Bu varsayımın doğru olup olmadığını, Avrupa kimliği krizinin sebeplerini ve bu süreçte sığınmacı, mülteci ve göç sorunuyla ilgili nasıl bir rol yapısının ortaya çıktığını anlamak için öncelikle Avrupa kimliği ve onun ortaya çıkma sürecini analiz etmek gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda da gerekli anlatım ve analiz yapılacak, AB ve Avrupa kimliği odağında ne tür sıkıntılar ortaya çıktığı ve bu kimlik yapısının ne tür unsurlardan etkileneceği argümanlarıyla sunulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa Birliği, AB Kimliği, Sığınmacı, Mülteci, Kriz

The European Refugee Crisis: A Test for European Union Identity?

Öz

Nowadays it is possible to make an assumption that the EU identity is in a crisis due to EU’s internal contradictions. Like any other new and unstable entity, the EU identity is currently unable to withstand the international challenges. The EU, in addition to the difficulties with its supranational identity-building process and with the ambiguity of the concept itself, faced the exogenous (external) problems such as the global economic crisis, instability in world politics, terrorist attacks in Europe and civil wars in Eastern countries that forced millions of people to flee from war. In short, the main reason of instability in Europe today is that the European and EU identity are not ready for this kind of global challenges. In order to test the made assumption and to understand the reasons of EU identity crisis and the role played by refugees and asylum seekers in this process, first of all it is necessary to analyse the European identity and its formation process. In this context, the necessary analysis will be made. The analysis will be supported by the arguments concerning the problems that surround the issue of EU and European identity and the factors that affect this identity structure.

Anahtar Kelimeler

European Union, EU Identity, Asylum Seeker, Refugee, Crisis

Kaynakça

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