Farklı Seviye Liglerde Oynayan Genç Futbolcuların Dikey Sıçrama, Squat Güç Çıktısı ve Sprint Sürelerinin Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 718 - 725, 31.12.2023

Gökhan Atasever , Fatih Kıyıcı

https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1301207

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı: farklı seviye ve liglerde oynayan genç futbolcuların dikey sıçrama, squat güç çıktısı ve sprint sürelerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışmaya TFF U-17 Milli takımı (n:22) ve Erzurumspor FK takımından (n:22) toplam 44 futbolcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılara vücut kompozisyonu, dikey sıçrama testi, squat testi ve 30 metre sürat testleri uygulanmıştır. Ölçülen parametrelerin normallik dağılımı Skewness, Kurtosis ve Shapiro-Wilk testleriyle sınandıktan sonra verilerin normal dağılım gösterdiği (±2) tespit edilmiştir. Veriler normal dağılım gösterdiğinden ligler arasındaki farklılıkların tespit edilmesinde Bağımsız Örneklem t testi uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak alınmıştır. Grupların değerleri karşılaştırıldığında, havada kalma süresinde, sıçradıkları yükseklik mesafesinde ve sprint sürelerinde milli takım futbolcuları lehine anlamlı bir fark olduğu (p<0,05) görülmüş, anaerobik güç değerinde ise istatistiksel olarak bir fark olmadığı saptanmıştır. Uluslararası seviyede mücadele eden milli takım futbolcuları, ulusal seviyede mücadele eden futbolculardan daha iyi düzeyde fiziksel kapasiteye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmaya ek olarak, farklı fiziksel ve fizyolojik test sonuçları araştırılarak farklılıklar tespit edilip futbolcuların antrenman içeriği güncellenerek aradaki fark azaltılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Futbol, Dikey sıçrama, Güç çıktısı, Sürat, Nitelikli eğitim

Comparison of Vertical Jump, Squat Power Output and Sprint Times of Young Football Players Playing Different Levels and Leagues

Öz

The aim of this study is to compare the vertical jump, squat strength output, and sprint times of young football players playing in different levels and leagues. A total of 44 players voluntarily participated in the study, including 22 players from the TFF U-17 National Team and 22 players from Erzurumspor FK. Participants were subjected to body composition assessment, vertical jump test, squat test, and 30-meter sprint tests. After assessing the normality distribution of the measured parameters using Skewness, Kurtosis, and Shapiro-Wilk tests, it was determined that the data exhibited a normal distribution (±2 standard deviations). As the data exhibited a normal distribution, Independent Samples t-test was applied to determine differences between the leagues. In this study, a significance level of p<0.05 was adopted. When comparing the values of the groups, it was observed that there was a significant difference in hang time, jump height, and sprint times in favor of the national team players (p<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in anaerobic power values. It was found that national team players competing at the international level had a higher level of physical capacity compared to players competing at the national level. Additionally, through an investigation of different physical and physiological test results, differences can be identified, and the training content for players can be updated to reduce the gap.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soccer, Vertical jump, Power output, Sprint, Quality education

Kaynakça

• Andersson, H. Å., Randers, M. B., Heiner-Møller, A., Krustrup, P., & Mohr, M. (2010). Elite female soccer players perform more high-intensity running when playing in international games compared with domestic league games. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(4), 912-919. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181d09f21
• Benito-Martínez, E., Lara Sánchez, A. J., Berdejo del Fresno, D., & Martínez López, E. J. (2011). Effects of combined electrostimulation and plyometric training on vertical jump and speed tests. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 6(4), 603-615. http://dx.doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2011.64.04
• Boraczyński, M., Boraczyński, T., Podstawski, R., Wójcik, Z., & Gronek, P. (2020). Relationships between measures of functional and isometric lower body strength, aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, sprint and countermovement jump performance in professional soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 75(1), 161-175. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0638.
• Comfort, P., Stewart, A., Bloom, L., & Clarkson, B. (2013). A Comparison of performance characteristics in elite and sub-elite youth soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 1, 47-48.https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000158
• Cronin, J., & Sleivert, G. (2005). Challenges in understanding the influence of maximal power training on improving athletic performance. Sports Medicine, 35, 213-234. https://doi.org/doi: 10.2165/00007256-200535030-00003.
• Cunha, G. S., Cumming, S. P., Valente-dos-Santos, J., Duarte, J. P., Silva, G., Dourado, A. C., ... & Coelho-e-Silva, M. (2017). Interrelationships among jumping power, sprinting power and pubertal status after controlling for size in young male soccer players. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 124(2), 329-350. https://doi.org/ doi: 10.1177/0031512516686720
• De Oliveira, F., Paz, G. A., Corrêa Neto, V. G., Alvarenga, R., Marques Neto, S. R., Willardson, J. M., & Miranda, H. (2023). Effects of different recovery modalities on delayed onset muscle soreness, recovery perceptions, and performance following a bout of high-ıntensity functional training. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3461. Erişim adresi: https://doi.org/ doi 10.3390/ijerph20043461
• Di Prampero, P. E., Botter, A., & Osgnach, C. (2015). The Energy cost of sprint running and the role of metabolic power in setting top performances. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 115, 451-469. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1230912
• Dybek, T., Szyguła, R., Klimek, A., & Tubek, S. (2012). Impact of 10 sessions of whole body cryostimulation on aerobic and anaerobic capacity and on selected blood count parameters. Biology of Sport, 29(1), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.979854
• Elam, C., Aagaard, P., Slinde, F., Svantesson, U., Hulthén, L., Magnusson, P. S., & Bunketorp-Käll, L. (2021). The Effects of ageing on functional capacity and stretch-shortening cycle muscle power. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 33(3), 250-260. https://doi.org/ doi: 10.1589/jpts.33.250
• Fílter, A., Olivares, J., Santalla, A., Nakamura, F. Y., Loturco, I., & Requena, B. (2020). New curve sprint test for soccer players: Reliability and relationship with linear sprint. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(11-12), 1320-1325. https://doi.org/ doi: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1677391.
• Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (1990). How to design and evaluate research in education. Mc Graw Hill.
• Groeneveld, R. A., & Meeden, G. (1984). Measuring skewness and kurtosis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D (The Statistician), 33(4), 391-399. https://doi.org/10.2307/2987742
• Jastrzębska, A. D. (2023). Comparison of two anaerobic tests in assessment of anaerobic performance in soccer trained and untrained girls U12. Research Square, Article 614359 https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2543021/v1
• Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Köklü, Y., Alemdaroğlu, U., Özkan, A., Koz, M., & Ersöz, G. (2015). The Relationship between sprint ability, agility and vertical jump performance in young soccer players. Science & Sports, 30(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2013.04.006
• Magallanes, A., Magallanes, C., Feye, A. S. P., & Ramírez, A. G. (2022). Transferencia de un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza al sprint y al salto vertical en futbolistas juveniles: sentadillas vs. estocadas. Retos: Nuevas tendencias en educación física, Deporte y Recreación, 46, 972-979. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.536181
• Marqués-Jiménez, D., Calleja González, J., Arratibel-Imaz, I., Delextrat, A., & Terrados-Cepeda, N. (2017). Fatigue and recovery in soccer: Evidence and challenge. The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 10(1), 52-70. https://doi.org/10.2174/1875399X01710010052
• Mero, A. (1981). Relationships between the maximal running velocity, muscle fiber characteristics, force production and force relaxation of sprinters. Scand Journal Sports Science, 3, 16-22. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b3e182
• Morin, J. B., & Samozino, P. (2016). Interpreting power-force-velocity profiles for individualized and specific training. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 11(2), 267-272. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0638.
• Paul, D. J., & Nassis, G. P. (2015). Testing strength and power in soccer players: the application of conventional and traditional methods of assessment. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(6), 1748-1758. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000807
• Ronnestad, B. R., Kvamme, N. H., Sunde, A., & Raastad, T. (2008). Short-term effects of strength and plyometric training on sprint and jump performance in professional soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(3), 773-780. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816a5e86
• Stølen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., & Wisløff, U. (2005). Physiology of soccer: An Update. Sports Medicine, 35, 501-536. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535060-00004.
• Styles, W. J., Matthews, M. J., & Comfort, P. (2016). Effects of strength training on squat and sprint performance in soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(6), 1534-1539. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001243
• Van Hooren, B., & Zolotarjova, J. (2017). The Difference between countermovement and squat jump performances: a review of underlying mechanisms with practical applications. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(7), 2011-2020. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001913
• Vescovi, J. D., & Mcguigan, M. R. (2008). Relationships between sprinting, agility, and jump ability in female athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(1), 97-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701348644
• Wehbe, G., Gabbett, T., Dwyer, D., McLellan, C., & Coad, S. (2015). Monitoring neuromuscular fatigue in team-sport athletes using a cycle-ergometer test. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(3), 292-297. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0217
• Wisløff, U., Castagna, C., Helgerud, J., Jones, R., & Hoff, J. (2004). Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(3), 285-288. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2002.002071