Research Article
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Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 57 - 62, 29.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.33808/marusbed.546669

Abstract

References

  • [1] World Health Organization. The world health report 2001-mental health: new understanding, new hope. World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.who.int/ whr/2001/en/whr01_en.pdf?ua=1. Published October 2001. Accessed 10.5.2017.
  • [2] Topuzoglu A, Binbay T, Ulas H, Elbi H, Aksu Tanik F, Zagli N, Alptekin K. The epidemiology of major depressive disorder and subthreshold depression in Izmir, Turkey: Prevalence, socioeconomic differences, impairment and help-seeking. J. Affect. Disord. 2015; 181: 78-86.
  • [3] Rehan W, Antfolk J, Johansson A, Santtila P. Do single experiences of childhood abuse increase psychopathology symptoms in adulthood? J. Interpersonal Violence 2016; 1-18.
  • [4] Mulvihill D. The health impact of childhood trauma: An interdisciplinary review, 1997-2003. Issues Compr. Pediatr. Nurs. 2005; 28 (2): 115-36.
  • [5] Simonic E, Kastelan M, Peternel S, Pernar M, Brajac I, Rončević- Gržeta I, Kardum I. Childhood and adulthood traumatic experiences in patients with psoriasis. J. Dermatol. 2010; 37: 793–800.
  • [6] Cahill SP, Pontoski K. Post-Traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder I: Their nature and assessment considerations. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2005; 2 (4): 14-25.
  • [7] Van Velzen LS, Schmall L, Jansen R, Milaneschi Y, Opmeer E, Elzinga BM, van der Wee N, Veltman D, Penninx B. Effect of childhood maltreatment and brain-derived neurtropic factor on brain morphology. SCAN 2016; 1841-1852.
  • [8] Di Iorio CR, Carey CE, Michalski LJ, Corral-Frias NS, Conley ED, Hariri AR, Bogdan R. Hypothalamic-pituary-adrenal axis genertic variation and early stress moderates amygdala function. Psychoneuroendocrinol. 2017; 80: 170-178.
  • [9] Carr CP,Martins CM, Stingel AM, Lemgruber VB, Juruena MF. The role of early life stress in adult psychiatric disorders: a systematic review according to childhood trauma subtypes. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 2013; 201 (12): 1007-1020.
  • [10] Polat O. Tüm boyutlarıyla çocuk istismarı: Tanımlar 1. 2007; Hukuk Kitapları Dizisi: 782
  • [11] Sar V, Ozturk E, Ikikardes E. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of childhood trauma questionnaire. J. Med. Sci. 2012; 32 (4): 1054-1063.
  • [12] Senkal I. The investigation of the mediator role of alexithymia on the relationship of childhood traumas and attachment style with depression and anxiety symptoms in university students. Master’s Thesis; Hacettepe University Social Sciences Institute, Ankara 2013.
  • [13] Turk S. Research of teacher candidates and teachers works on primary school in terms of child abuse potential. Master’s Thesis; ZKU Institute of social sciences, Department of Educational Programs and Teaching 2010.
  • [14] Runyan, Desmond, Corrine Wattam, Robin Ikeda, Fatma Hassan ve Laurie Ramiro. World report on violence and health. Child abuse and neglect by parents and other caregivers. World Health Organization, Geneva (2002).
  • [15] Turhan E, Sangun O, Inandi T. Child abuse and prevention in primary care. STED 2006; 15 (9): 153.
  • [16] Taner YI, Gokler B. Çocuk istismarı ve ihmali psikiyatrik yönleri. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi 2004; 35: 82-86.
  • [17] Topbaş M. İnsanlığın en büyük ayıbı: çocuk istismarı. TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni 2004; 3: 76-80.
  • [18] Norman RE, Byambaa M, De R, Butchart A, Scott J, Vos T. The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and metaanalysis. PLOS Medicine 2012; 9 (11).
  • [19] Schilling C, Weidner K, Brähler E, Glaesmer H, Häuser W, Pöhlmann K. Patterns of childhood abuse and neglect in a representative German population sample. PLoS ONE 2016; 7 (11).
  • [20] Akdemir A, Turkcapar MH, Orsel SD, Demirergi N, Dag I, Ozbay MH. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Compr. Pyschiatry 2001; 42 (2): 161-165.
  • [21] Aydemir O, Kirkpinar I, Sati T, Uykur B, Cengisiz C. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the health anxiety inventory. Arc. Neuropsychiatry 2013; 50 (4): 325-331.
  • [22] Poole JC, Dobson KS, Pusch D. Childhood adversity and adult depression: The protective role of psychological resilience. Child Abuse & Neglect 2017; 64: 89-100.
  • [23] Ding H, Han J, Zhang M, Wang K, Gong J, Yang S. Moderating and mediating effects of resilience between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in chinese children. J. Affect. Disord. 2017; 211: 130-135.
  • [24] Huh HJ, Kim KH, Lee H-K, Chae J-H. The relationship between childhood trauma and the severity of adulthood depression and anxiety symptoms in a clinical sample: The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. J. Affect. Disord. 2017; 213: 44-50.
  • [25] Bulbul F, Çakır U, Ulku C, Ure İ, Karabatak O, Alpak G. Childhood trauma in recurrent and first episode depression. Anatolian Psychiatry J. 2013; 14: 93-99.

Effects of Childhood Abuse on Major Depressive Disorder

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 57 - 62, 29.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.33808/marusbed.546669

Abstract

Objective: Childhood trauma is a significant risk factor for major depressive disorder, which has a multifactorial etiology. We investigated the effects
of childhood trauma, especially physical and sexual abuse, on depression later in adult life.
Methods: The study included 87 patients with depression and 87 healthy volunteers. Participants were asked to fill out the Childhood Trauma
Questionnaire (CTQ) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Anxiety. We have used the three childhood trauma pattern groups by their
CTQ scores. The first group consisted participants who did not report any childhood abuse. The second group comprised participants who had
experienced emotional abuse and emotional or physical neglect. The third group included participants who reported physical and sexual abuse.
Results: Approximately half of pattern groups 1 and 2 consisted of healthy controls. However, all of the participants who were in pattern group 3
had major depressive disorder. Anxiety and depression levels both had positive correlations with emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. There was
a statistically significant difference between pattern groups 2 and 3 in all of the five categories of CTQ.
Conclusion: In our study, we found that incidences of physical and sexual abuse increase the risk of depression. Furthermore, they indicate an
increased risk for a relationship that consists of emotional neglect and abuse, which is an independent risk factor for major depressive disorder.
Therefore, we should not only focus on the individual traumas on childhood trauma cases but also consider if there is a defective pattern of
relationship.

References

  • [1] World Health Organization. The world health report 2001-mental health: new understanding, new hope. World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.who.int/ whr/2001/en/whr01_en.pdf?ua=1. Published October 2001. Accessed 10.5.2017.
  • [2] Topuzoglu A, Binbay T, Ulas H, Elbi H, Aksu Tanik F, Zagli N, Alptekin K. The epidemiology of major depressive disorder and subthreshold depression in Izmir, Turkey: Prevalence, socioeconomic differences, impairment and help-seeking. J. Affect. Disord. 2015; 181: 78-86.
  • [3] Rehan W, Antfolk J, Johansson A, Santtila P. Do single experiences of childhood abuse increase psychopathology symptoms in adulthood? J. Interpersonal Violence 2016; 1-18.
  • [4] Mulvihill D. The health impact of childhood trauma: An interdisciplinary review, 1997-2003. Issues Compr. Pediatr. Nurs. 2005; 28 (2): 115-36.
  • [5] Simonic E, Kastelan M, Peternel S, Pernar M, Brajac I, Rončević- Gržeta I, Kardum I. Childhood and adulthood traumatic experiences in patients with psoriasis. J. Dermatol. 2010; 37: 793–800.
  • [6] Cahill SP, Pontoski K. Post-Traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder I: Their nature and assessment considerations. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2005; 2 (4): 14-25.
  • [7] Van Velzen LS, Schmall L, Jansen R, Milaneschi Y, Opmeer E, Elzinga BM, van der Wee N, Veltman D, Penninx B. Effect of childhood maltreatment and brain-derived neurtropic factor on brain morphology. SCAN 2016; 1841-1852.
  • [8] Di Iorio CR, Carey CE, Michalski LJ, Corral-Frias NS, Conley ED, Hariri AR, Bogdan R. Hypothalamic-pituary-adrenal axis genertic variation and early stress moderates amygdala function. Psychoneuroendocrinol. 2017; 80: 170-178.
  • [9] Carr CP,Martins CM, Stingel AM, Lemgruber VB, Juruena MF. The role of early life stress in adult psychiatric disorders: a systematic review according to childhood trauma subtypes. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 2013; 201 (12): 1007-1020.
  • [10] Polat O. Tüm boyutlarıyla çocuk istismarı: Tanımlar 1. 2007; Hukuk Kitapları Dizisi: 782
  • [11] Sar V, Ozturk E, Ikikardes E. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of childhood trauma questionnaire. J. Med. Sci. 2012; 32 (4): 1054-1063.
  • [12] Senkal I. The investigation of the mediator role of alexithymia on the relationship of childhood traumas and attachment style with depression and anxiety symptoms in university students. Master’s Thesis; Hacettepe University Social Sciences Institute, Ankara 2013.
  • [13] Turk S. Research of teacher candidates and teachers works on primary school in terms of child abuse potential. Master’s Thesis; ZKU Institute of social sciences, Department of Educational Programs and Teaching 2010.
  • [14] Runyan, Desmond, Corrine Wattam, Robin Ikeda, Fatma Hassan ve Laurie Ramiro. World report on violence and health. Child abuse and neglect by parents and other caregivers. World Health Organization, Geneva (2002).
  • [15] Turhan E, Sangun O, Inandi T. Child abuse and prevention in primary care. STED 2006; 15 (9): 153.
  • [16] Taner YI, Gokler B. Çocuk istismarı ve ihmali psikiyatrik yönleri. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi 2004; 35: 82-86.
  • [17] Topbaş M. İnsanlığın en büyük ayıbı: çocuk istismarı. TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni 2004; 3: 76-80.
  • [18] Norman RE, Byambaa M, De R, Butchart A, Scott J, Vos T. The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and metaanalysis. PLOS Medicine 2012; 9 (11).
  • [19] Schilling C, Weidner K, Brähler E, Glaesmer H, Häuser W, Pöhlmann K. Patterns of childhood abuse and neglect in a representative German population sample. PLoS ONE 2016; 7 (11).
  • [20] Akdemir A, Turkcapar MH, Orsel SD, Demirergi N, Dag I, Ozbay MH. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Compr. Pyschiatry 2001; 42 (2): 161-165.
  • [21] Aydemir O, Kirkpinar I, Sati T, Uykur B, Cengisiz C. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the health anxiety inventory. Arc. Neuropsychiatry 2013; 50 (4): 325-331.
  • [22] Poole JC, Dobson KS, Pusch D. Childhood adversity and adult depression: The protective role of psychological resilience. Child Abuse & Neglect 2017; 64: 89-100.
  • [23] Ding H, Han J, Zhang M, Wang K, Gong J, Yang S. Moderating and mediating effects of resilience between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in chinese children. J. Affect. Disord. 2017; 211: 130-135.
  • [24] Huh HJ, Kim KH, Lee H-K, Chae J-H. The relationship between childhood trauma and the severity of adulthood depression and anxiety symptoms in a clinical sample: The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. J. Affect. Disord. 2017; 213: 44-50.
  • [25] Bulbul F, Çakır U, Ulku C, Ure İ, Karabatak O, Alpak G. Childhood trauma in recurrent and first episode depression. Anatolian Psychiatry J. 2013; 14: 93-99.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hayriye Baykan 0000-0002-3288-2269

Emre Cem Esen This is me 0000-0003-4535-389X

Müslüm Kul This is me 0000-0003-0391-0897

Merve Şahin Can This is me 0000-0002-4985-5689

Ayfer Tirak This is me 0000-0003-2445-7390

Tunay Karlıdere This is me 0000-0003-2143-0651

Publication Date March 29, 2019
Submission Date January 18, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Baykan, H., Esen, E. C., Kul, M., Şahin Can, M., et al. (2019). Effects of Childhood Abuse on Major Depressive Disorder. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 9(1), 57-62. https://doi.org/10.33808/marusbed.546669
AMA Baykan H, Esen EC, Kul M, Şahin Can M, Tirak A, Karlıdere T. Effects of Childhood Abuse on Major Depressive Disorder. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. March 2019;9(1):57-62. doi:10.33808/marusbed.546669
Chicago Baykan, Hayriye, Emre Cem Esen, Müslüm Kul, Merve Şahin Can, Ayfer Tirak, and Tunay Karlıdere. “Effects of Childhood Abuse on Major Depressive Disorder”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 9, no. 1 (March 2019): 57-62. https://doi.org/10.33808/marusbed.546669.
EndNote Baykan H, Esen EC, Kul M, Şahin Can M, Tirak A, Karlıdere T (March 1, 2019) Effects of Childhood Abuse on Major Depressive Disorder. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 9 1 57–62.
IEEE H. Baykan, E. C. Esen, M. Kul, M. Şahin Can, A. Tirak, and T. Karlıdere, “Effects of Childhood Abuse on Major Depressive Disorder”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 57–62, 2019, doi: 10.33808/marusbed.546669.
ISNAD Baykan, Hayriye et al. “Effects of Childhood Abuse on Major Depressive Disorder”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 9/1 (March 2019), 57-62. https://doi.org/10.33808/marusbed.546669.
JAMA Baykan H, Esen EC, Kul M, Şahin Can M, Tirak A, Karlıdere T. Effects of Childhood Abuse on Major Depressive Disorder. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2019;9:57–62.
MLA Baykan, Hayriye et al. “Effects of Childhood Abuse on Major Depressive Disorder”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 57-62, doi:10.33808/marusbed.546669.
Vancouver Baykan H, Esen EC, Kul M, Şahin Can M, Tirak A, Karlıdere T. Effects of Childhood Abuse on Major Depressive Disorder. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2019;9(1):57-62.

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