A New Distribution Record and Some Bioecological Features of Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Northwest Türkiye (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 38 - 43, 30.06.2023

Serdar Gözütok

https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1239398

Öz

Species of the genus Plecotus, which have distinctive morphology with their long ears, are common in the Palearctic region. Its distribution area in Türkiye is seen as fragmented. In the present study, a new distribution record for Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Bolu province is given. External characteristics, fur coloration, skull morphology, morphometric measurements, and some ecological characteristics of the specimen were also recorded. The greatest length of skull, condylobasal length, zygomatic breadth, skull height, and largest diameter of tympanic bulla values were measured as high when compared to the data of Plecotus auritus from Türkiye and Central Europe. It is noted that the species' diet includes Galleria mellonella from the order Lepidoptera. Additionally, call length (ms) (1.4- 4.9 mean= 3.4), max. frequency (kHz) (28.8-62.4 mean= 39.9), min. frequency (kHz) (16.8-36.4 mean= 24.3), and peak frequency (kHz) (22.8-35.6 mean= 28.7) acoustic parameters of Plecotus auritus were determined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Long-eared Brown bat, Bolu, bat calls, Galeria mellonella, Türkiye

Destekleyen Kurum

Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmaları Destekleme birimi (BAP)

Proje Numarası

BAP. 2018.10.01.1383

Teşekkür

I would like to thank for project support Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (BAP) (BAP project number – 2018.10.01.1383).

Türkiye’nin Kuzeybatısından Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758)’a Ait Yeni Bir Yayılış Kaydı ve Bazı Biyoekolojik Özellikleri (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

Öz

Uzun kulakları ile ayırt edici bir morfolojiye sahip olan Plecotus cinsi türleri Palearktik bölgede yaygın olarak bulunmaktadırlar. Türkye’deki yayılış alanı parçalı durumdadır. Bu çalışmada Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758) için Bolu ilinden yeni bir yayılış kaydı verilmiştir. Dış karakteristikler, kürk rengi, kafatası morfolojisi, morfometrik ölçümler ve bazı ekolojik karakteristikleri kaydedilmiştir. Türkiye ve Avrupa’dan Plecotus auritus için verilen ölçümlerle kıyaslandığında kafatasının en büyük uzunluğu, kondilobasal uzunluk, zigomatik genişlik, kafatası yüksekliği ve bullenin en büyük çapı uzunluğu bakımından daha yüksek değerler kaydedilmiştir. Bu türün diyetinde Lepidoptera takımından Galleria mellonella türünün olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla beraber türün akustik parametreleri olarak: Çağrı uzunluğu (ms) (1.4-4.9 ort= 3.4), En yüksek frekans (kHz) (28.8-62.4 ort= 39.9), En düşük frekans (kHz) (16.8-36.4 ort= 24.3), and Tepe frekans (kHz) (22.8-35.6 ort= 28.7) tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uzun kulaklı kahverengi yarasa,, Türkiye,, Bolu,, Yarasa ses,, Galeria mellonella

Proje Numarası

BAP. 2018.10.01.1383

Kaynakça

• Ahlén, I. (1981). Identification of Scandinavian bats by their sound. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife Ecology, Uppsala, Report 6, 55 pp.
• Albayrak, İ. (1990). The bats of Eastern Anatolia and their distribution Mammalia: Chiroptera). Doğa- Turkish Journal of Zoology, 14, 214-228 (in Turkish with English abstract).
• Albayrak, İ. (1991). Identification of Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Plecotus austriacus (Fischer, 1829) (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Turkey. Journal of Biology of the Faculty of Science and Arts of Gazi University, 2, 129-135.
• Albayrak, İ. (1993). The bats of Western Turkey and their distribution Mammalia: Chiroptera). Doğa- Turkish Journal of Zoology, 17, 237-257 (in Turkish with English abstract).
• Albayrak, İ., & Aşan N. (1999). Distributional status of the bats from Turkey. Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara, Series C, 17, 59-68.
• Albayrak, İ. (2003). The Bats of the Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 27(4), 269-273.
• Benda, P., & Horáček, I. (1998). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean. Part I. Review of distribution and taxonomy of bats in Turkey. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 62, 255-313.
• Benda, P., & Ivanova, T. (2003). Long-eared bats, genus Plecotus (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Bulgaria: a revision of systematic and distributional status. Časopis Národního muzea, Řada přírodovědná (Journal of the National Museum Natural History Series), 172(1-4), 157-172.
• Çağlar, M. (1965). Chiropterenfauna der Turkei. İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Mecmuası, Seri B, 30, 125-134.
• De Blase A.F., & Martin, R.L. (1973). Distributional notes on Bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae, Vespertilionidae) from Turkey. Mammalia, 37, 598-602.
• Dietz, C., & von Helverson O. (2004). Illustrated Identification key to the bats of Europe. Retrieved from http://www.fledermaus-dietz.de/publications/Dietz%20&%20von%20Helversen%202004%20Identification%20key%20bats,%20part%202.pdf.
• Flückiger, P.F., & Beck, A. (1995). Observations on the habitat use for hunting by Plecotus austriacus (Fischer, 1829). Myotis, 32–33, 121-122.
• Fukui, D. & Sano, A. (2019). Plecotus sacrimontis (errata version published in 2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T136664A209550809. Accessed on 07 April 2023. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136664A209550809.en
• Gazaryan, S., Kruskop, S.V., & Godlevska, L. (2020). Plecotus auritus (errata version published in 2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T85535522A195861341. Accessed on 07 April 2023. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T85535522A195861341.en
• Häussler, U., & Braun, M. (1991). Sammlung einheimischer Fledermäuse (Mammalia: Chiroptera) des Staatlichen Museums für Naturkunde Karlsruhe. Teil 2: Plecotus. Carolinea, 49, 101-114.
• Horáček I., & Uhrin, M. (2010). A tribute to Bats. Lesnická práce s.r.o., Kostelec nad Černými lesy, 400 pp. Horáček, I. (1975). Notes on the ecology of bats of the genus Plecotus (Geoffroy, 1818) (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Věstník Československé Společnosti Zoologické, 34, 195–210.
• Huang, J.C.-C., Ho, Y., Cheng, C., Chou, C. & Cheng, H.-C. (2019). Plecotus taivanus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T17601A21978172. Accessed on 07 April 2023. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T17601A21978172.en
• Kahmann, H., & Çağlar, M. (1960). Beiträege zur Säugetierkunde der Türkei 1. Fledermäuse aus der Landschaft Hatay. Faculty of Science University, (B)25, 1-21.
• Karataş, A., Yiğit, N., Çolak, E., & Kankılıç, T. (2003). On the Distribution, Taxonomy and Karyology of the genus Plecotus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 27, 293-300.
• Kennedy, C.E.J., & Southwood, T.R.E. (1984). The number of species of insect associated with British trees. A reanalysis. Journal of Animal Ecology, 53, 455–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/4528
• Kruskop, S.V. & Fukui, D. (2019). Plecotus ognevi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T136598A21996784. Accessed on 07 April 2023. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136598A21996784.en
• Masing, M. (2008). The sonars of Plecotus auritus et al. (Chiroptera). 7th Baltic Theriological Conference, 1-5.10.2008, Lepanina, Estonia.
• Mitchell-Jones, A.J., Amori, G., Bogdanowicz, W., Kryštufek, B., Reijnders, P.J.H., Spitzenberger, F., … & Zima, J. (1999). The atlas of European mammals. London, Academic Press, 484 pp.
• Mucedda, M., Kiefer, A., Pidinchedda, E., & Veith, M. (2002). A New Species of Long-Eared Bat (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Sardinia (Italy). Acta Chiropterologica, 4, 121-135. https://doi.org/10.3161/001.004.0202
• Mursaloğlu, B. (1965). Bilimsel Araştırmalar için Omurgalı Numunelerinin Toplanması ve Hazırlanması. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Yayınları Basımevi 60 pp (in Turkish).
• Papadatou, E, Butlin, R.K., & Altringham, J.D. (2008). Identification of Bat Species in Greece from Their Echolocation Calls. Acta Chiropterologica, 10, 127- 143. https://doi.org/10.3161/150811008X331153
• Patočka, J., Krištín, A., Kulfan, J., & Zach, P. (1999). Die Eichenschädlinge und ihre Feinde. Ústavekológielesa SAV, Zvolen, 396 pp.
• Paz, O. de (1994). Systematic position of Plecotus (Geoffroy, 1818) from the Iberian Peninsula (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Mammalia, 58, 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1994.58.3.423
• Piraccini, R. (2016). Plecotus macrobullaris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: T136229A22002229. Accessed on 07 April 2023. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136229A22002229.en
• Postawa, T., Zagorodniuk, I., & Bachanek, J. (2012). Patterns of cranial size variation in two sibling species Plecotus auritus and P. austriacus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in a contact zone. Journal of Zoology, 288(4), 294-302. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2012.00953.x
• Redgwell, R., Szewczak, J., Jones, G., & Parsons, S. (2009). Classification of Echolocation Calls from 14 Species of Bat by Support Vector Machines and Ensembles of Neural Networks. Algorithms 2, 907-924 https://doi.org/10.3390/a2030907
• Russ, J. (2012). British Bat Calls: A Guide to Species Identification. Pelagic Publishing, 192 pp.
• Rydell, J. (1989). Food habits of northern (Eptesicus nilssoni) and brown long-eared (Plecotus auritus) bats in Sweden. Holarctic Ecology, 12, 16-20.
• Satunin, K. (1913). Über die zoogeographischen Grenzen des Kaukasusgebiets. Vorlaufige Mitteilung. Mitteilungen des Kaukasischen Museum Tiflis, 7, 56-106.
• Schober, W. & Grimmberger, E. (1989). A Guide to the Bats of Britain and Europe. London, Hamlyn, 224 pp.
• Schober, W., & Grimmberger, E. (1998): Die Fledermäuse Europas. Kennen, Bestimmen, Schützen. Aktualisiert und erweitert. Stuttgart, Kosmos Verlag, 265 pp.
• Schindelin, J., Arganda-Carreras, I., Frise, E., Kaynig, V., Longair, M., Pietzsch, T., … & Cardona, A. (2012). Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nature Methods, 9(7), 676–682. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2019
• Southwood, T.R.E. (1961). The number of Insect species associated with various trees. Journal of Animal Ecology, 30(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.2307/2109
• Starik, N., Göttert, T., & Zeller, U. (2021) Spatial Behavior and Habitat Use of Two Sympatric Bat Species. Animals (Basel), 11(12), 3460. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123460
• Steiner, H.M., & Gaisler, J. (1994). On a collection of bats (Chiroptera) from NE Turkey and N Iran. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Academiae Scientiarum Bohemicae Brno, 28(1), 1-37.
• Spitzenberger, F., Strelkov, P. & Haring, E. 2003. Morphology and mitochondrial DNA sequences show that Plecotus alpinus Kiefer & Veith, 2002 and Plecotus microdontus Spitzenberger, 2002 are synonyms of Plecotus macrobullaris Kuzjakin, 1965. Natura Croatica, 12, 39-53.
• Spitzenberger, F., Strelkov, P.P., Winkler, H. & Haring, E. (2006). A preliminary revision of the genus Plecotus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) based on genetic and morphological results. Zoologica Scripta, 35, 187-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00224.x
• Srinivasulu, C. & Srinivasulu, A. (2020). Plecotus wardi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T85535265A85535306. Accessed on 07 April 2023. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T85535265A85535306.en
• Stebbings, R.E. (1977). Genus Plecotus Long-eared bats (2nd ed). In: Corbet GB and Southern HN (eds) The Handbook of British Mammals, London, Blackwell, 120-128.
• Swift, S.M. (1991). Genus Plecotus. In: Corbet GB and Harris S (eds) Handbook of British Mammals. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 131-138.
• Swift, S.M. (1998). Long-eared bats. London, T. & A.D. Poyser Ltd., 182 pp.
• Swift, S.M., & Racey, P.A. (2002). Gleaning as a foraging strategy in Natterer’s bat Myotis nattereri. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 52, 408–416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-002-0531-x
• Taake, K.H. (1992). Strategien der Ressourcennutzung an Waldgewässern jagenden Fledermäuse (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Myotis, 30, 7–73.
• Toyran, K., Yorulmaz, T., & Gözütok, S. (2017). Mammal Fauna of Ihlara Valley (Aksaray, Turkey). Bitlis Eren University Journal of Science and Technology, 7(2), 108-114. https://doi.org/10.17678/beuscitech.354058
• Wilson, D.E., & Reeder, D.M. (eds). (2005). Mammal species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd edition. Baltimore, Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2142 pp.
• van Straalen, N.M. (1998). Evaluation of bioindicator systems derived from soil arthropod communities. Applied Soil Ecology, 9(1-3), 429-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(98)00101-2
• von Helverson, O. (1989). New records of bats (Chiroptera) from Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East, 3, 5-18. Yoshiyuki, M. (1991). A new species of Plecotus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum Series A (Zoology), 17(4), 189-195.