KENTSEL ISI ADASI ETKİSİNİN SİSTEMATİK BİR İNCELEMESİ: KENTSEL FORM, PEYZAJ VE PLANLAMA STRATEJİLERİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 302 - 323, 31.07.2023

Dilara Yılmaz , Sevgi Öztürk

Öz

Tüm dünyada özellikle kentsel alanlarda yaşayan nüfus her geçen gün artmaktadır. Kentlerde nüfus artışına bağlı olarak sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel sorunlarda da artmaktadır. Bu sorunların en başında ise mikroklimatik olumsuzluklardan biri olan kentsel ısı adası oluşumu gelmektedir. Özellikle yoğun yapılaşmaya bağlı olarak, kentsel morfolojinin değişmesi, yeşil alanların azalarak geçirimsiz yüzeylerin artması kentsel ısı adası oluşumunu artırmaktadır. İnsan etkisi ile meydana gelen, kentleşme ve küresel iklim değişimi çevre, toplum ve ekonomi üzerinde etki oluşturmaktadır. Kentsel büyüme ve nüfus artışı sonucunda ortaya çıkan plansız yapılaşma, bu süreçte kentlerin dayanıklılık gücünü azaltmaktadır. Fakat plansız yapılaşmanın önüne geçilmesi amacıyla yapılan kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarında ele alınan strateji ve oluşturulan planlama kararları ile dirençli kentlerin oluşturulmasına katkı sağlanması mümkündür. İklim değişikliğinin kentler üzerindeki en büyük etkisi olan kentsel ısı adası, canlı yaşamını tehdit eden uzun vadeli bir süreçtir. Kentsel yaşam, ekosistem, insan yaşamı başta olmak üzere birçok alanı etkileyen bu süreçte, uyum ve dayanıklılık için etkili planlama stratejileri üretilmesi önemli bir gereklilik olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu süreçte kentsel form optimizasyonlarının değerlendirilmesi de önem taşımaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, kentsel ısı adası etkileri, kentsel ısı adası oluşumunda kentsel form ve peyzaj ilişkisine odaklanarak, yeşil altyapı, mimari tasarım ve albedo parametreleri kapsamında planlama stratejilerini ele alan çalışmaların sistematik bir incelemesini sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İklim değişikliği, kentleşme, sürdürülebilir kentsel gelişme, yeşil altyapı, albedo

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmanın hazırlanmasında Kastamonu Üniversitesi Peyzaj Mimarlığı Ana Bilim Dalı'nda yürütülen "Planlamadan Tasarım Sürecine, Kentsel Isı Adasının Değerlendirilmesine Yönelik Modelleme Önerisi: Ankara-Çankaya Örneği" başlıklı doktora tezinden yararlanılmıştır.

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