Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Sanayisizleşme ve Sendikasızlaşmanın Gelir Dağılımı Etkileri: Erken (Prematüre) Sanayisizleşen Ülkeler Örneği

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 76, 263 - 302, 25.01.2023

0000-0001-8547-9185 Tekin

Öz

Sanayisizleşme, sanayinin üretimdeki payının diğer sektörler lehine azalmasıdır. 1990’ların başından itibaren küreselleşme ile birlikte birçok gelişmekte olan ülkede, sanayi sektörünün üretimdeki payının azaldığı gözlenmiştir. Sanayileşmesini tamamlayamadan hizmetler sektörünün payı artan, dolayısıyla sanayi sektörünün istihdam ve katma-değer payı azalan, Rodrik (2016)’nın ifadesiyle, ekonomi-politik bir adlandırma ile ‘prematüre sanayisizleşen’ ekonomiler oluşmuştur. Öte yandan, hizmetler sektörünün payındaki ve sektörde ücretli çalışanlardaki artış 1980’lerin sonlarından itibaren neoliberal politikalarla gelen güvencesiz istihdam koşulları ile birleşmiştir. Bu durumun ücretli çalışanlar açısından yarattığı gelir dağılımı meselesi ise anaakım yazında yeterince yer bulmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, erken sanayi(siz)leşmenin ve güvencesiz istihdamın bir göstergesi olarak sendika(sız)laşma düzeyinin ayrı ayrı ve etkileşimli olarak gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, erken sanayisizleşen ülkeler olarak değerlendirilen Latin Amerika ülkeleri ve Türkiye için sanayisizleşme ve sendikasızlaşmanın (toplu pazarlığın olmayışının) gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkileri 2000-2019 dönemi için panel eşbütünleşme testi aracılığıyla sınanmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, sanayisizleşmenin ve sendikasızlaşmanın gelir dağılımını bozan etkisine işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca sanayileşme düzeyindeki artışın, sendikasızlaşmanın gelir dağılımını bozucu etkilerini bir ölçüde hafifletmekte olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sanayisizleşme gelir dağılımı sendikalaşma

Kaynakça

  • Arestis, P., Ferreiro, J., & Gómez, C. (2021) “Labour market flexibilization and income distribution in Europe”, Panoeconomicus, 68(2), 167-185.
  • Athukorala, P. C., & Sen, K. (2016) Industrialisation, employment and poverty. In Routledge Handbook of Industry and Development (pp. 98-110). Routledge.
  • Autor, D. H., Katz, L. F., & Krueger, A. B. (1998) “Computing inequality: have computers changed the labor market?”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(4), 1169-1213.
  • Bakır, E., Özçelik, E., Özmen, E. & Taşıran, A. C. (2019). Türkiye’de Erken Sanayisizleşme. Geçmişten Geleceğe Türkiye Ekonomisi içinde. İletişim yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Barro, R. J. (2000) “Inequality and Growth in a Panel of Countries”, Journal of economic growth, 5(1), 5-32.
  • Baymul, C., & Sen, K. (2020) “Was Kuznets right? New evidence on the relationship between structural transformation and inequality”, The Journal of Development Studies, 56(9), 1643-1662.
  • Bentolila, S., & Saint-Paul, G. (2003) “Explaining movements in the labor share”, Contributions in Macroeconomics, 3(1).
  • Betcherman, G. (2012) Labor market institutions: A review of the literature. The World Bank.
  • Blanchflower, D., & Slaughter, M. (1998). The causes and consequences of changing income inequality: w(h)ither the debate? CEP/LSE Working Paper (No. 27).
  • Bogliaccini, J. A. (2013) “Trade liberalization, deindustrialization, and inequality: Evidence from middle-income Latin American countries”, Latin American Research Review, 79-105.
  • Brady, D., Kaya, Y., & Gereffi, G. (2011). Stagnating industrial employment in Latin America. Work and Occupations, 38(2), 179-220.
  • Caldentey, E. P., & Vernengo, M. (2021) “Financialization, premature deindustrialization, and instability in Latin America”, Review of Keynesian Economics, 9(4), 493-511.
  • Card, D., Lemieux, T., & Riddell, W. C. (2004) “Unions and wage inequality”, Journal of Labor Research, 25(4), 519-559.
  • Cardoso, F. H. & Faletto, E. (1979) Dependency and Development in Latin America. University of California Press.
  • Dasgupta, S., & Singh, A. (2006) “Manufacturing, services and premature deindustrialization in developing countries: A Kaldorian analysis” (Research Paper No. 2006/49). Helsinki: unu-wider.
  • DiNardo, J., Fortin, N. M., & Lemieux, T. (1995) “Labor market institutions and the distribution of wages, 1973-1992: A semiparametric approach”, Econometrica, 64(5), 1001-1044.
  • Doğruel, A. S., & Doğruel, F. (2019) “Küreselleşme, Unutulan Sanayi Politikaları ve Sanayisizleşme”, Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, 60, 209-230.
  • Farber, H. S., & Western, B. (2002). Accounting for the decline of unions in the private sector, 1973–98. In The future of private sector unionism in the United States, 28-58.
  • Frenkel, R., & Rapetti, M. (2012) “External fragility or deindustrialization: what is the main threat to Latin American countries in the 2010s?”, World Social and Economic Review, 2012(1, 2012), 37.
  • Friedman, M. (2017) Kapitalizm ve Özgürlük (D. Erberk ve N. Himmetoğlu, Çev.) Eksi Kitaplar: Ankara (Orijinal çalışma 1962 yılında yayımlanmıştır)
  • Galbraith, J. K. (2012) Inequality and instability: A study of the world economy just before the great crisis. Oxford University Press.
  • Gaston, N., & Nelson, D. (2002) “Integration, foreign direct investment and labour markets: microeconomic perspectives”, The Manchester School, 70(3), 420-459.
  • Hamid, N., & Khan, M. (2015) “Pakistan: A case of premature deindustrialization?”, The Lahore Journal of Economics, 20, 107.
  • Hartmann, D., Jara-Figueroa, C., Guevara, M., Simoes, A., & Hidalgo, C. A. (2017) “The structural constraints of income inequality in Latin America”, arXiv:1701.03770.
  • Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003) “Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels” Journal of econometrics, 115(1), 53-74.
  • Kao, C. (1999) “Spurious regression and residual-based tests for cointegration in panel data”, Journal of econometrics, 90(1), 1-44.
  • Kao, C., & Chiang, M. (2000) On the estimation and inference of a cointegrated regression in panel data in ‘Advances in Econometrics, Volume 15 (Ed. B. Baltagi).
  • Karaçimen, E. (2015) Türkiye’de Finansallaşma: Borç Kıskacında Emek. İstanbul: Sosyal Araştırmalar Vakfı Yayınları.
  • Kollmeyer, C. (2018) “Trade union decline, deindustrialization, and rising income inequality in the United States, 1947 to 2015”, Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 57, 1-10.
  • Kollmeyer, C. (2022) “Post-industrial capitalism and trade union decline in affluent democracies”, International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 62(6), 466-487.
  • Krugman, P. R. (1996). Domestic distortions and the deindustrialization hypothesis.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955) “Economic growth and income inequality”, The American economic review, 45(1), 1-28.
  • Lee, S., & Kim, C. S. (2020) “Driving Forces behind Premature Deindustrialization in Latin America”, Korean Social Science Journal, 47(1), 1-20.
  • Lewis, W. A. (1954). Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour.
  • Maddala, G. S., & Wu, S. (1999) “A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and statistics, 61(S1), 631-652.
  • Martins, G. K., & Skott, P. (2020) “Macroeconomic Policy, Inflation and Deindustrialization in Dual Economy”, Working paper.
  • Mehic, A. (2018) “Industrial employment and income inequality: Evidence from panel data”, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 45, 84-93.
  • Oreiro, J. L., Heringer, J. P., Machado, L. F. P., & Feijó, C. A. (2021) “Peripherical Financialization and Premature Deindustrialization: A Theory and the Case of Brazil (2003-2015)”
  • Palma, J. G. (2005) Four Sources of “De-Industrialization” and a New Concept of the “Dutch Disease” Beyond Reforms: Structural Dynamics and Macroeconomic Vulnerability içinde. Stanford University Press: Washington.
  • Palma, J. G. (2019) “Deindustrialization,“premature” deindustrialization, and “Dutch disease”, El trimestre económico, 86(344), 901-966.
  • Pariboni, R., & Tridico, P. (2019) “Labour share decline, financialisation and structural change”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 43(4), 1073-1102.
  • Paus, E. A., & Gallagher, K. P. (2008) “Missing links: Foreign investment and industrial development in Costa Rica and Mexico”, Studies in Comparative International Development, 43(1), 53-80.
  • Pedroni, P. (2001) “Purchasing power parity tests in cointegrated panels”, Review of Economics and statistics, 83(4), 727-731.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004) “General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels” (IZA Discussion Paper No. 1240). Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., & Yamagata, T. (2008) “A bias‐adjusted LM test of error cross‐section independence”, The econometrics journal, 11(1), 105-127.
  • Pontusson, J. (2013) “Unionization, inequality and redistribution”, British Journal of Industrial Relations, 51(4), 797-825.
  • Ravindran, R., & Babu, M. (2021) “Premature deindustrialization and income inequality in middle-income countries” Wider Working Paper 2021/8.
  • Rodrik, D. (2016). “Premature deindustrialization”, Journal of economic growth, 21(1), 1-33.
  • Rodrik, D. (2017). Premature Deindustrialisation in the Developing World 1, 2. Frontiers of Economics in China, 12(1), 1.
  • Rodrik, D. (2018) “Populism and the Economics of Globalization”, Journal of International Business Policy, 1(1-2), 12-33.
  • Rowthorn, R., & Coutts, K. (2004) “De-industrialisation and the balance of payments in advanced economies”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 28(5), 767-790.
  • Singh, A. (1977). UK industry and the world economy: A case of de-industrialization?. In Welfare aspects of industrial markets (pp. 183-214). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Sumner, A. (2021) Deindustrialization, Distribution and Development. Oxford University Press.
  • Sumner, A., & London, A. (2017) “The developer’s dilemma: The inequality dynamics of structural transformation and inclusive growth”, ESRC GPID Research Network Working Paper, 1(29), 1-41.
  • Tatoğlu, F. (2013) İleri Panel Veri Analizi (2. Baskı), Beta Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Teulings, C. N. (2003) “The contribution of minimum wages to increasing wage inequality” The Economic Journal, 113(490), 801-833.
  • Tregenna, F. (2010) “How significant is intersectoral outsourcing of employment in South Africa?”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 19(5), 1427-1457.
  • Tregenna, F. (2016) Deindustrialization and premature deindustrialization. Handbook of alternative theories of economic development. Tridico, P. & Pariboni, R. (2017) “Structural change, aggregate demand and the decline of labour productivity: a comparative perspective” Collana del Dipartimento di Economia.
  • Tridico, P., & Pariboni, R. (2018) “Inequality, financialization, and economic decline” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 41(2), 236-259.

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 76, 263 - 302, 25.01.2023

0000-0001-8547-9185 Tekin

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sanayisizleşme gelir dağılımı sendikalaşma

Kaynakça

  • Arestis, P., Ferreiro, J., & Gómez, C. (2021) “Labour market flexibilization and income distribution in Europe”, Panoeconomicus, 68(2), 167-185.
  • Athukorala, P. C., & Sen, K. (2016) Industrialisation, employment and poverty. In Routledge Handbook of Industry and Development (pp. 98-110). Routledge.
  • Autor, D. H., Katz, L. F., & Krueger, A. B. (1998) “Computing inequality: have computers changed the labor market?”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(4), 1169-1213.
  • Bakır, E., Özçelik, E., Özmen, E. & Taşıran, A. C. (2019). Türkiye’de Erken Sanayisizleşme. Geçmişten Geleceğe Türkiye Ekonomisi içinde. İletişim yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Barro, R. J. (2000) “Inequality and Growth in a Panel of Countries”, Journal of economic growth, 5(1), 5-32.
  • Baymul, C., & Sen, K. (2020) “Was Kuznets right? New evidence on the relationship between structural transformation and inequality”, The Journal of Development Studies, 56(9), 1643-1662.
  • Bentolila, S., & Saint-Paul, G. (2003) “Explaining movements in the labor share”, Contributions in Macroeconomics, 3(1).
  • Betcherman, G. (2012) Labor market institutions: A review of the literature. The World Bank.
  • Blanchflower, D., & Slaughter, M. (1998). The causes and consequences of changing income inequality: w(h)ither the debate? CEP/LSE Working Paper (No. 27).
  • Bogliaccini, J. A. (2013) “Trade liberalization, deindustrialization, and inequality: Evidence from middle-income Latin American countries”, Latin American Research Review, 79-105.
  • Brady, D., Kaya, Y., & Gereffi, G. (2011). Stagnating industrial employment in Latin America. Work and Occupations, 38(2), 179-220.
  • Caldentey, E. P., & Vernengo, M. (2021) “Financialization, premature deindustrialization, and instability in Latin America”, Review of Keynesian Economics, 9(4), 493-511.
  • Card, D., Lemieux, T., & Riddell, W. C. (2004) “Unions and wage inequality”, Journal of Labor Research, 25(4), 519-559.
  • Cardoso, F. H. & Faletto, E. (1979) Dependency and Development in Latin America. University of California Press.
  • Dasgupta, S., & Singh, A. (2006) “Manufacturing, services and premature deindustrialization in developing countries: A Kaldorian analysis” (Research Paper No. 2006/49). Helsinki: unu-wider.
  • DiNardo, J., Fortin, N. M., & Lemieux, T. (1995) “Labor market institutions and the distribution of wages, 1973-1992: A semiparametric approach”, Econometrica, 64(5), 1001-1044.
  • Doğruel, A. S., & Doğruel, F. (2019) “Küreselleşme, Unutulan Sanayi Politikaları ve Sanayisizleşme”, Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, 60, 209-230.
  • Farber, H. S., & Western, B. (2002). Accounting for the decline of unions in the private sector, 1973–98. In The future of private sector unionism in the United States, 28-58.
  • Frenkel, R., & Rapetti, M. (2012) “External fragility or deindustrialization: what is the main threat to Latin American countries in the 2010s?”, World Social and Economic Review, 2012(1, 2012), 37.
  • Friedman, M. (2017) Kapitalizm ve Özgürlük (D. Erberk ve N. Himmetoğlu, Çev.) Eksi Kitaplar: Ankara (Orijinal çalışma 1962 yılında yayımlanmıştır)
  • Galbraith, J. K. (2012) Inequality and instability: A study of the world economy just before the great crisis. Oxford University Press.
  • Gaston, N., & Nelson, D. (2002) “Integration, foreign direct investment and labour markets: microeconomic perspectives”, The Manchester School, 70(3), 420-459.
  • Hamid, N., & Khan, M. (2015) “Pakistan: A case of premature deindustrialization?”, The Lahore Journal of Economics, 20, 107.
  • Hartmann, D., Jara-Figueroa, C., Guevara, M., Simoes, A., & Hidalgo, C. A. (2017) “The structural constraints of income inequality in Latin America”, arXiv:1701.03770.
  • Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003) “Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels” Journal of econometrics, 115(1), 53-74.
  • Kao, C. (1999) “Spurious regression and residual-based tests for cointegration in panel data”, Journal of econometrics, 90(1), 1-44.
  • Kao, C., & Chiang, M. (2000) On the estimation and inference of a cointegrated regression in panel data in ‘Advances in Econometrics, Volume 15 (Ed. B. Baltagi).
  • Karaçimen, E. (2015) Türkiye’de Finansallaşma: Borç Kıskacında Emek. İstanbul: Sosyal Araştırmalar Vakfı Yayınları.
  • Kollmeyer, C. (2018) “Trade union decline, deindustrialization, and rising income inequality in the United States, 1947 to 2015”, Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 57, 1-10.
  • Kollmeyer, C. (2022) “Post-industrial capitalism and trade union decline in affluent democracies”, International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 62(6), 466-487.
  • Krugman, P. R. (1996). Domestic distortions and the deindustrialization hypothesis.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955) “Economic growth and income inequality”, The American economic review, 45(1), 1-28.
  • Lee, S., & Kim, C. S. (2020) “Driving Forces behind Premature Deindustrialization in Latin America”, Korean Social Science Journal, 47(1), 1-20.
  • Lewis, W. A. (1954). Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour.
  • Maddala, G. S., & Wu, S. (1999) “A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and statistics, 61(S1), 631-652.
  • Martins, G. K., & Skott, P. (2020) “Macroeconomic Policy, Inflation and Deindustrialization in Dual Economy”, Working paper.
  • Mehic, A. (2018) “Industrial employment and income inequality: Evidence from panel data”, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 45, 84-93.
  • Oreiro, J. L., Heringer, J. P., Machado, L. F. P., & Feijó, C. A. (2021) “Peripherical Financialization and Premature Deindustrialization: A Theory and the Case of Brazil (2003-2015)”
  • Palma, J. G. (2005) Four Sources of “De-Industrialization” and a New Concept of the “Dutch Disease” Beyond Reforms: Structural Dynamics and Macroeconomic Vulnerability içinde. Stanford University Press: Washington.
  • Palma, J. G. (2019) “Deindustrialization,“premature” deindustrialization, and “Dutch disease”, El trimestre económico, 86(344), 901-966.
  • Pariboni, R., & Tridico, P. (2019) “Labour share decline, financialisation and structural change”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 43(4), 1073-1102.
  • Paus, E. A., & Gallagher, K. P. (2008) “Missing links: Foreign investment and industrial development in Costa Rica and Mexico”, Studies in Comparative International Development, 43(1), 53-80.
  • Pedroni, P. (2001) “Purchasing power parity tests in cointegrated panels”, Review of Economics and statistics, 83(4), 727-731.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004) “General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels” (IZA Discussion Paper No. 1240). Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., & Yamagata, T. (2008) “A bias‐adjusted LM test of error cross‐section independence”, The econometrics journal, 11(1), 105-127.
  • Pontusson, J. (2013) “Unionization, inequality and redistribution”, British Journal of Industrial Relations, 51(4), 797-825.
  • Ravindran, R., & Babu, M. (2021) “Premature deindustrialization and income inequality in middle-income countries” Wider Working Paper 2021/8.
  • Rodrik, D. (2016). “Premature deindustrialization”, Journal of economic growth, 21(1), 1-33.
  • Rodrik, D. (2017). Premature Deindustrialisation in the Developing World 1, 2. Frontiers of Economics in China, 12(1), 1.
  • Rodrik, D. (2018) “Populism and the Economics of Globalization”, Journal of International Business Policy, 1(1-2), 12-33.
  • Rowthorn, R., & Coutts, K. (2004) “De-industrialisation and the balance of payments in advanced economies”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 28(5), 767-790.
  • Singh, A. (1977). UK industry and the world economy: A case of de-industrialization?. In Welfare aspects of industrial markets (pp. 183-214). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Sumner, A. (2021) Deindustrialization, Distribution and Development. Oxford University Press.
  • Sumner, A., & London, A. (2017) “The developer’s dilemma: The inequality dynamics of structural transformation and inclusive growth”, ESRC GPID Research Network Working Paper, 1(29), 1-41.
  • Tatoğlu, F. (2013) İleri Panel Veri Analizi (2. Baskı), Beta Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Teulings, C. N. (2003) “The contribution of minimum wages to increasing wage inequality” The Economic Journal, 113(490), 801-833.
  • Tregenna, F. (2010) “How significant is intersectoral outsourcing of employment in South Africa?”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 19(5), 1427-1457.
  • Tregenna, F. (2016) Deindustrialization and premature deindustrialization. Handbook of alternative theories of economic development. Tridico, P. & Pariboni, R. (2017) “Structural change, aggregate demand and the decline of labour productivity: a comparative perspective” Collana del Dipartimento di Economia.
  • Tridico, P., & Pariboni, R. (2018) “Inequality, financialization, and economic decline” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 41(2), 236-259.
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

0000-0001-8547-9185 Tekin 0000-0001-8547-9185

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 76

Kaynak Göster

APA Tekin, 0000- 0001-8.-9. (2023). Sanayisizleşme ve Sendikasızlaşmanın Gelir Dağılımı Etkileri: Erken (Prematüre) Sanayisizleşen Ülkeler Örneği. Çalışma Ve Toplum, 1(76), 263-302. https://doi.org/10.54752/ct.1241234
 Kapak Resmi İndir
muratozverister@gmail.com
dergicalismavetoplum@gmail.com
www.calismatoplum.org