Deterioration of the Historic Stone Building of the City Gazimagusa Kaleiçi
Yıl 2016,
Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2, 355 - 364, 15.12.2016
Murat Dal
,
Mahmut Yalçın
Ali Duran Öcal
Öz
In this study the problems faced by the historical monuments in Old City port town of Famagusta in Cyprus are discussed. All monuments and buildings of this area have suffered weathering damage and the destruction is worrying. Weathering forms exemplify the observable consequences of weathering progressions which are originated and controlled by interacting weathering elements. For these ancient buildings and monuments in the Kaleiçi the valuation of weathering forms and weathering products indicates the correlations between the development of weathering damage and salt from Mediterranean Sea loading to the stones as a consequence of humidity. The first results of weathering damage on these historic area in Gazimagusa are presented and they exhibit the need and urgency of monuments preservation measures.
Kaynakça
- 1. Uluca, E., 2006. Gazimağusa Kaleiçi’nin Tarihsel Süreç İçindeki Kentsel Gelişimi ve Değişimi, İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi, İstanbul.
- 2. Öcal, A.D., Dal, M., 2012. Doğal Taşlardaki Bozunmalar, Mimarlık Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi, İstanbul.
- 3. Fitzner, B., 2004. Documentation and Evaluation of Stone Damage on Monuments.-In Kwiatkowski, D. & Löfvendahl, R. (ed.): Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, 27 June-2 July 2004, Stockholm, Vol. II, 677-690, ICOMOS, Sweden.
- 4. Fitzner, B., Heinrichs, K., 2004. Photo Atlas of Weathering Forms on Stone Monuments.-www.stone.rwth-aachen.de, Internet homepage der Arbeitsgruppe, Natursteine und
Verwitterung des Geologischen Instituts der RWTH Aachen.
- 5. Fitzner, B., Heinrichs, K., Kownatzki, R., 1995. Weathering Forms-classification and Mapping. In: SNETHLAGE, R. (ed.) Denkmalpflege und Naturwissenschaft, Natursteinkonservierung I. Ernst and Sohn, Berlin, 41–88.
- 6. Fitzner, B., Kownatzki, R., 1991. Klassifizierung der Verwitterungsformen und Kartierung von Natursteinbauwerken. Jahresberichte aus dem BMFT-Forschungsprogramm Steinzerfall–Steinkonservierung, 1, 1–13.
- 7. Heinrichs, K., 2004. Weathering Progression on Rock-cut Monuments in Petra / Jordan.-In Akasheh, T.S. (ed.): First International Conference on Science and Technology in Archaeology and Conservation, 12-17 August 2002, Jordan, 207-279, Actas, Fundación El Legado Andalusi, Granada / Spain.
- 8. Kownatzki, R., 1997. Verwitterungszustandserfa-ssung von Natursteinbauten unter Besonderer Berücksichtigung Phänomenologischer Verfahren. Aachener Geowissenschaftliche Beiträge, 22.
- 9. Siegesmund, S., Auras, M., Snethlage, R. (eds.), 2005. Stein. Zerfall und Konservierung. Edition Leipzig, Leipzig.
- 10. Vergès-Belmin, V., Anson Cartwright, T., Cassar, J., Charola, E., De Witte, E., Delgado-Rodriguez, J., Fassina, V., Fitzner, B., Fortier, L., Franzen, C., Garcia de Miguel, J.-M., Klingspor-Rotstein, M., Krumbein, W.E., Lefèvre, R.-A., Maxwell, I., Nishiura, T., Queisser, A., Pallot-Frossard, I., Snethlage, R., Tourneur, F., Vallet, J.-M., Van Hees, R., Varti-Matarangas, M., Warscheid, T., Winterhalter, K., 2004. An Internet-Accessible Multilingual Illustrated Glossary on Stone Deterioration.–Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, 27 June-2 July 2004, Stockholm, Vol. II: 699-706, ICOMOS, Sweden.
- 11. Küçükkaya, A.G., 2004. Taşların Bozulma Nedenleri, Koruma Yöntemleri, İstanbul.
- 12. Öcal, A.D., 2001. Deterioration of Archaeological Environment in the Eastern Mediterranean, in: Günisiginda Anadolu-Anatolia in Daylight, Essays in Honour of Cevdet Bayburtluoglu, C. Özgünel, O. Bingöl, V. Idil, S. Doruk, K. Gorkay, M. Kadioglu (eds), Homer Kitabevi, İstanbul.
- 13. Öcal, A.D., Dal, M., 2013. Investigations on Stone Weathering of Ottomn Architecture: A Kirklareli Hizirbey Kulliye Case Study, In: Indian Journal of Research, Volume: 2, Issue:11, Nov 2013.
- 14. Orballı, A., 2008. Architectural Conservation: Principles and Practice, Blackwell Science, Oxford.
Gazimağusa Kaleiçindeki Tarihi Taş Yapılarda Görülen Bozunmalar
Yıl 2016,
Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2, 355 - 364, 15.12.2016
Murat Dal
,
Mahmut Yalçın
Ali Duran Öcal
Öz
Bu çalışmada Kıbrıs’taki Gazimağusa liman kentinde Kaleiçi bölgesindeki tarihi eserlerin karşılaştığı sorunlar ele alınmıştır. Bu bölgedeki tüm anıt ve yapıların bozunmaya uğramış olması endişe vericidir. Yapı taşlarında gözlenen ayrışma formları, birbirleriyle etkileşen bozunma faktörlerinin neden olduğu ve geliştirdiğini bozunma sürecinin sonuçlarını örneklemektedir. Kaleiçi'ndeki antik binalar ve anıtlarda gözlenen ayrışma formları ve ayrışma ürünleri, taşlardaki bozunmanın, Akdeniz’den gelen tuzların nemle etkileşimi sonucu oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, Gazimağusa’nın bu tarihi bölgesinde gözlenen tahribatın ilk sonuçları sunularak eski eserlerin koruma önlemlerinin gerekliliği ve aciliyeti vurgulanmak istenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- 1. Uluca, E., 2006. Gazimağusa Kaleiçi’nin Tarihsel Süreç İçindeki Kentsel Gelişimi ve Değişimi, İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi, İstanbul.
- 2. Öcal, A.D., Dal, M., 2012. Doğal Taşlardaki Bozunmalar, Mimarlık Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi, İstanbul.
- 3. Fitzner, B., 2004. Documentation and Evaluation of Stone Damage on Monuments.-In Kwiatkowski, D. & Löfvendahl, R. (ed.): Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, 27 June-2 July 2004, Stockholm, Vol. II, 677-690, ICOMOS, Sweden.
- 4. Fitzner, B., Heinrichs, K., 2004. Photo Atlas of Weathering Forms on Stone Monuments.-www.stone.rwth-aachen.de, Internet homepage der Arbeitsgruppe, Natursteine und
Verwitterung des Geologischen Instituts der RWTH Aachen.
- 5. Fitzner, B., Heinrichs, K., Kownatzki, R., 1995. Weathering Forms-classification and Mapping. In: SNETHLAGE, R. (ed.) Denkmalpflege und Naturwissenschaft, Natursteinkonservierung I. Ernst and Sohn, Berlin, 41–88.
- 6. Fitzner, B., Kownatzki, R., 1991. Klassifizierung der Verwitterungsformen und Kartierung von Natursteinbauwerken. Jahresberichte aus dem BMFT-Forschungsprogramm Steinzerfall–Steinkonservierung, 1, 1–13.
- 7. Heinrichs, K., 2004. Weathering Progression on Rock-cut Monuments in Petra / Jordan.-In Akasheh, T.S. (ed.): First International Conference on Science and Technology in Archaeology and Conservation, 12-17 August 2002, Jordan, 207-279, Actas, Fundación El Legado Andalusi, Granada / Spain.
- 8. Kownatzki, R., 1997. Verwitterungszustandserfa-ssung von Natursteinbauten unter Besonderer Berücksichtigung Phänomenologischer Verfahren. Aachener Geowissenschaftliche Beiträge, 22.
- 9. Siegesmund, S., Auras, M., Snethlage, R. (eds.), 2005. Stein. Zerfall und Konservierung. Edition Leipzig, Leipzig.
- 10. Vergès-Belmin, V., Anson Cartwright, T., Cassar, J., Charola, E., De Witte, E., Delgado-Rodriguez, J., Fassina, V., Fitzner, B., Fortier, L., Franzen, C., Garcia de Miguel, J.-M., Klingspor-Rotstein, M., Krumbein, W.E., Lefèvre, R.-A., Maxwell, I., Nishiura, T., Queisser, A., Pallot-Frossard, I., Snethlage, R., Tourneur, F., Vallet, J.-M., Van Hees, R., Varti-Matarangas, M., Warscheid, T., Winterhalter, K., 2004. An Internet-Accessible Multilingual Illustrated Glossary on Stone Deterioration.–Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, 27 June-2 July 2004, Stockholm, Vol. II: 699-706, ICOMOS, Sweden.
- 11. Küçükkaya, A.G., 2004. Taşların Bozulma Nedenleri, Koruma Yöntemleri, İstanbul.
- 12. Öcal, A.D., 2001. Deterioration of Archaeological Environment in the Eastern Mediterranean, in: Günisiginda Anadolu-Anatolia in Daylight, Essays in Honour of Cevdet Bayburtluoglu, C. Özgünel, O. Bingöl, V. Idil, S. Doruk, K. Gorkay, M. Kadioglu (eds), Homer Kitabevi, İstanbul.
- 13. Öcal, A.D., Dal, M., 2013. Investigations on Stone Weathering of Ottomn Architecture: A Kirklareli Hizirbey Kulliye Case Study, In: Indian Journal of Research, Volume: 2, Issue:11, Nov 2013.
- 14. Orballı, A., 2008. Architectural Conservation: Principles and Practice, Blackwell Science, Oxford.