Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Otizmli hastaların kardeşlerinin değerlendirilmesi ve kardeş sayı/sırasının hastalık şiddetine etkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 4, 1339 - 1346, 29.12.2019

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada ilk amacımız otizmli hastaların ve tipik gelişim gösteren kardeşlerinin doğum öncesi, doğum ve premorbid özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması olup; ikinci amacımız kardeş sayı ve sırasının otizm şiddetine olan etkisini araştırmaktır. 

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 40 hasta (yaş ortalaması 89.83±42.91 ay) ile hastaların 18 kardeşi (yaş ortalaması 136.12±64.02 ay) dahil edilmiştir. 40 hastadan ortanca çocuk olan 6 hasta ve ikizi olan 1 hasta bu karşılaştırmaya dahil edilmemiştir. Kalan 33 hasta çalışmanın ikinci kısmı için; kardeşi olmayanlar (n:6); sadece yaşça büyük kardeş/leri olanlar (n:16) ve sadece yaşça küçük kardeş/leri olanlar (n:11) şeklinde üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Hastalık şiddetini belirlemek amacıyla Çocukluk Otizmi Derecelendirme Ölçeği (ÇODÖ) uygulanmıştır. 

Bulgular: Gebelik dönemi ile ilişkili değişkenlerde hastalar ve kardeşleri arasında anlamlı farklılık gözlenmedi. Hasta grupta yürüme, kelime söylemeye başlama, cümle kurma ve tuvalet eğitimi süreleri kardeşlerinden anlamlı olarak daha geç bulunmuştur. Görsel tepki, tatma, dokunma ve koklama tepkileri puanlamaları açısından anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur.

Sonuç: Kardeş ilişkisinin otizmde önemli olduğu bilinmektedir. Ancak otizm gibi etyolojisinde pek çok etmenin rol oynadığı bir hastalıkta belirti şiddetinin tek başına kardeş sayı ve sırasına bağlanamayacağı açıktır.


Kaynakça

  • 1. Landa R, Holman KC, Garrett-Mayer E. Social and communication development in toddlers with early and later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Arch Gen Psych. 2007; 64: 853-64. 2. Walker CK, Krakowiak P, Baker A. Preeclampsia, placental insufficieny and autism spectrum disorder or developmental delay. JAMA Pediatrics. 2014; 2465-75.3. Limperopoulos C, Bassan H, Sullivan NR ve ark. Positive screening for autism in ex-preterm infants: prevalence and risk factors. Pediatrics. 2008; 121: 758-65.4. Amin BS, Smith T, Wang H. Is neonatal jaundice associated with autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. J Autism Dev Disord. 2011; 41: 1455-63. 5. Ben-Itzchak E, Zukerman G, Zachor DA. Having older siblings is associated with less severe social communication symptoms in young children with autism spectrum disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol Published online 2016; 1-8. 6. Ben-Itzchak E, Nachshon N, Zachor DA. Having siblings is associated with beter social functioning in autism spectrum disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol Published online 2018; 1-11.7. Orsmond GI, Kuo HY, Seltzer MM. Siblings of individuals with an autism spectum disorder. Autism. 2009;13(1): 59-80. 8. McGee G, Feldman R, Morrier M. Benchmarks of social treatment for children with autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 1997; 27: 353–64.9. Camaioni L, Perucchini P, Bellagamba F, Colonnesi C. The role of declarative pointing in developing a theory of mind. Infancy. 2004; 5: 291–308.
  • 10. Frith U, Frith CD. Development and neurophysiology of mentalizing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences. 2003; 358: 459–73.11. Hergüner S, Özbaran B. Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisinde Ölçütler ve Ölçekler-Yaygın Gelişimsel Bozukluklar, Yıkıcı Davranış Bozuklukları. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri. 2010. 12. Gassaloğlu S, Baykara B, Avcil S, Demiral Y. Çocukluk otizmi derecelendirme ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Derg 2016; 2(7): 1-9. 13. Wallace AE, Anderson GM, Dubrow R. Obstetric and parental psychiatric variables as potential predictors of autism severity. J Autism Dev Disord. 2008; 38: 1542-54.14. Price CS, Thompson WW, Goodson B ve ark. Prenatal and infant exposure to thimerosal from vaccines and immunglobulins and risk of autism. Pediatrics. 2010; 126(4): 656-64.15. Uchiyama T, Kurosawa M, Inaba Y. MMR-vaccine and regression in autism spectrum disorders: negative results presented from Japan. J Autism Dev Disord. 2007; 37(2): 210-7. 16. Matthews NL, Goldberg WA, Lukowski AF. Theory of mind in children with autism spectrum disorder: do siblings matter? Autism Research. 2013; 6: 443–53.17. O’Brien K, Slaughter V, Peterson CC. Sibling influences on theory of mind development for children with ASD. J Child Psychol Psychiatr, and Allied Disciplines. 2011; 52: 713– 19.18. Joy Tsai HW, Cebula K, Liang SH, Fletcher-Watson S. Siblings’ experiences of growing up with children with autism in Taiwan and the United Kingdom. Research Dev Dis. 2018 (83): 206-16. 19. Rivers JW, Stoneman Z. Sibling relationships when a child has autism: marital stress and support coping. J Autism Dev Disord. 2003 ;33(4): 383-94.

Evaluation of siblings of patients with autism and the effect of sibling number/order on disease severity

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 4, 1339 - 1346, 29.12.2019

Öz

Purpose: First aim of this study is comparing prenatal, natal and premorbid features of patients with autism and their typically development siblings; second aim is investigating the effect of sibling number and order on autism severity.

Materials and Methods: 40 patients (mean age 89.83 ± 42.91 months) and 18 siblings (mean age 136.12 ± 64.02 months) were included in study. 6 patients who are the middle child and 1 patient with twin were not included of 40 patients. For the second part of study rest of 33 patients; who have no sibling/s (n: 6); only with older sibling/s (n = 16) and only with younger sibling/s (n: 11) were divided into three groups. The severity of autism symptoms of patients in these groups was compared. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was administered to determine the severity of the disease.

Results: There were no significant differences between the patients and their siblings the variables associated with the prenatal period. The first walking, vocabulary, sentence formation and toilet training were significantly later in the patient group. Significant differences were found in terms of scores of visual response, tasting, touching and sniffing responses.

Conclusion: Sibling relationship is important in autism. However it is clear that the symptom severity cannot be attributed only the number or order of siblings alonely which a lot of factors are involved in etiology of autism.


Kaynakça

  • 1. Landa R, Holman KC, Garrett-Mayer E. Social and communication development in toddlers with early and later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Arch Gen Psych. 2007; 64: 853-64. 2. Walker CK, Krakowiak P, Baker A. Preeclampsia, placental insufficieny and autism spectrum disorder or developmental delay. JAMA Pediatrics. 2014; 2465-75.3. Limperopoulos C, Bassan H, Sullivan NR ve ark. Positive screening for autism in ex-preterm infants: prevalence and risk factors. Pediatrics. 2008; 121: 758-65.4. Amin BS, Smith T, Wang H. Is neonatal jaundice associated with autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. J Autism Dev Disord. 2011; 41: 1455-63. 5. Ben-Itzchak E, Zukerman G, Zachor DA. Having older siblings is associated with less severe social communication symptoms in young children with autism spectrum disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol Published online 2016; 1-8. 6. Ben-Itzchak E, Nachshon N, Zachor DA. Having siblings is associated with beter social functioning in autism spectrum disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol Published online 2018; 1-11.7. Orsmond GI, Kuo HY, Seltzer MM. Siblings of individuals with an autism spectum disorder. Autism. 2009;13(1): 59-80. 8. McGee G, Feldman R, Morrier M. Benchmarks of social treatment for children with autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 1997; 27: 353–64.9. Camaioni L, Perucchini P, Bellagamba F, Colonnesi C. The role of declarative pointing in developing a theory of mind. Infancy. 2004; 5: 291–308.
  • 10. Frith U, Frith CD. Development and neurophysiology of mentalizing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences. 2003; 358: 459–73.11. Hergüner S, Özbaran B. Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisinde Ölçütler ve Ölçekler-Yaygın Gelişimsel Bozukluklar, Yıkıcı Davranış Bozuklukları. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri. 2010. 12. Gassaloğlu S, Baykara B, Avcil S, Demiral Y. Çocukluk otizmi derecelendirme ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Derg 2016; 2(7): 1-9. 13. Wallace AE, Anderson GM, Dubrow R. Obstetric and parental psychiatric variables as potential predictors of autism severity. J Autism Dev Disord. 2008; 38: 1542-54.14. Price CS, Thompson WW, Goodson B ve ark. Prenatal and infant exposure to thimerosal from vaccines and immunglobulins and risk of autism. Pediatrics. 2010; 126(4): 656-64.15. Uchiyama T, Kurosawa M, Inaba Y. MMR-vaccine and regression in autism spectrum disorders: negative results presented from Japan. J Autism Dev Disord. 2007; 37(2): 210-7. 16. Matthews NL, Goldberg WA, Lukowski AF. Theory of mind in children with autism spectrum disorder: do siblings matter? Autism Research. 2013; 6: 443–53.17. O’Brien K, Slaughter V, Peterson CC. Sibling influences on theory of mind development for children with ASD. J Child Psychol Psychiatr, and Allied Disciplines. 2011; 52: 713– 19.18. Joy Tsai HW, Cebula K, Liang SH, Fletcher-Watson S. Siblings’ experiences of growing up with children with autism in Taiwan and the United Kingdom. Research Dev Dis. 2018 (83): 206-16. 19. Rivers JW, Stoneman Z. Sibling relationships when a child has autism: marital stress and support coping. J Autism Dev Disord. 2003 ;33(4): 383-94.
Toplam 2 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri, Psikiyatri
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Hatice Ünver 0000-0003-2067-9770

Nursu Çakın Memik Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-9029-3457

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2019
Kabul Tarihi 9 Nisan 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 44 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

MLA Ünver, Hatice ve Nursu Çakın Memik. “Otizmli hastaların kardeşlerinin değerlendirilmesi Ve Kardeş sayı/Sırasının hastalık şiddetine Etkisi”. Cukurova Medical Journal, c. 44, sy. 4, 2019, ss. 1339-46.