COVID-19 and persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 48 Sayı: 2, 441 - 447, 02.07.2023

Derya Tatlısuluoğlu , Güldem Turan

https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1229091

Öz

Purpose: Multiple organ failure (MOF) is a disease group that necessitates intensive care monitoring and carries a significant mortality rate. If these individuals are not dead as a result of early MOF, they will either quickly restore immunological balance or their immunological dysfunction may persist, resulting in chronic critical illness (CCI). Some of these patients have CCI, which is characterized by chronic inflammation, immunosuppression, and the syndrome of catabolism (PICS). With this study, we aimed to evaluate PICS cases in our intensive care unit, their effects on mortality, and their biomarkers.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, observational study involving 190 patients diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to SARS-CoV-2 and followed up in the ICU. Patients' laboratory data and body mass index (BMI) were compared between the first and twenty-first days of ICU admission. In addition, the patients were evaluated according to PICS utilizing the number of days they spent in the ICU, CRP, albumin, prealbumin, lymphocytes, and BMI data.
Results: The laboratory values of the patients on the 21st day were as follows, and the results obtained were statistically significant when compared with the values on the 1st day. Albumin 2.56±0.57 g/L, prealbumin 9±15 g/L, d-dimer 4.41±4.70 (interquartile range (IQR): 2.53-4.76) µgFEU/mL, fibrinogen 497±189,35 mg/dl, hemoglobin 10.15±1.82 g/dL, leukocytes 13.94±8.12 (IQR: 12.34-7.69) 109/L, immature granulocyte 1.16±2.13 (IQR: 0.46-1)109/L and BMI of 26.92±3.27 (IQR: 26.7-4.8). Again in these patients, lymphocyte values were 0.92±0.80 (IQR: 0.71-0.74)109/L, CRP was 101.42±99,96 mg/L, and platelet values were 214.24±128.08 109/L.
Conclusion: PICS is a significant condition affecting mortality and morbidity in critical care patients. In this group of patients, immature granulocytes may also serve as a useful biomarker. Due to the lack of studies regarding PICS, we are in the premature phase of understanding the pathogenesis and management of PICS and therefore need more comprehensive research regarding the topic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, catabolism syndrome, PICS, covid-19

COVID-19 ve persistent inflamasyon, immünsüpresyon ve katabolizma sendromu

Öz

Amaç: Çoklu organ yetmezliği (MOF), yoğun bakım takibi gerektiren ve mortalitesi yüksek bir hastalık grubudur. MOF’lu hastalar MOF’un başlangıcında hemen kaybedilmez ise; ya hızla immünolojik homeostaz durumuna geri döner veya immünolojik disfonksiyon devam ederek kronik kritik hastalığa (KKH) dönüşebilirler. İşte bu grup hastaların bir kısmı, persistent inflamasyon, immünsüpresyon ve katabolizma sendromu (PICS) ile karakterize edilen KKH'den muzdariptir. Biz bu çalışma ile yoğun bakım ünitemizdeki PICS olgularını, mortalite üzerine etkilerini ve biyobelirteçlerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma SARS-CoV-2 nedeniyle akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu (ARDS) tanısı alan ve yoğun bakım ünitesinde izlenen 190 hastayı içeren retrospektif, gözlemsel bir çalışmadır. Hastaların laboratuvar verileri ve vücut kitle indeksleri (BMI) yoğun bakıma kabulünün 1. günü ile 21. günü karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca hastalar yoğun bakım ünitesinde kalış gün sayısı, CRP, albumin, prealbumin, lenfosit ve BMI verileri kullanılarak PICS açısından değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Hastaların 21. gününde ki laboratuvar değerleri aşağıdaki gibi olup, 1. günde ki değerlerle karşılaştırıldığında istatiksel olarak anlamlı sonuçlar elde edildi. Albumin 2.56±0.57 g/L, prealbumin 9±15 g/L, d-dimer 4.41±4.70 (interquartile range (IQR): 2.53-4,76) µgFEU/mL, fibrinojen 497±189,35 mg/dl, hemoglobin 10.15±1.82 g/dL, lökosit 13.94±8.12 (IQR: 12.34-7.69) 109/L, immatür granülosit 1.16±2.13 (IQR: 0.46-1) 109/L ve BMI’leri 26.92±3.27 (IQR: 26.7-4,8) idi. Yine bu hastalarda lenfosit 0.92±0.80 (IQR: 0.71-0.74) 109/L, CRP 101.42±99,96 mg/L ve trombosit değerleri 214.24±128.08 109/L idi. 28 günlük periyotta 120 (63.8%), 90 günlük periyotta ise 132 (69.5%) hastanın vefat ettiği belirlendi.
Sonuç: PICS yoğun bakım hastalarında mortalite ve morbiditeyi etkileyen önemli bir sendromdur. İmmatür granülosit bu grup hastada kullanılabilecek bir diğer biyobelirteç olabilir. PICS ile ilgili çalışmaların eksikliği nedeniyle, PICS'in patogenezini ve yönetimini anlamanın erken bir aşamasındayız ve bu nedenle konuyla ilgili daha kapsamlı araştırmalara ihtiyacımız bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Persistent İnflamasyon, immünsüpresyon, katabolizma sendromu, PICS, covid-19

Kaynakça

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