Yozgat İlinin Jeotermal Kaynakları ve Özellikleri

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 37 (2016): Special Issue II, 100 - 112, 26.11.2016

Galip Akın

Öz

Özet. Dünyada nüfusun hızlı artışı ve sanayileşmenin 18. yüzyılın son çeyreğinden itibaren gelişmesiyle birlikte, enerjiye olan gereksinim de o oranda artmaya başlamıştır. Enerji ihtiyacını karşılayabilmek için kömür, petrol ve doğalgaz gibi fosil yakıtlar enerji hammaddesi olarak giderek artan miktarlarda kullanılır hale gelmiştir. Bunun sonucu olarak dünyada 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren aşırı fosil yakıt kullanımından kaynaklanan çevre kirlenmesi gündeme gelmeye başlamıştır. 1970’li yılların başından itibaren de dünyada çevre kirlenmesinin varlığı herkes tarafından kabul edilmiştir. Çevre kirlenmesinin kısa sürede ileri boyutlara varacağı endişesiyle fosil yakıtlara alternatif olmak üzere, çevre kirlenmesi oluşturmayan ya da en az çevre kirlenmesi oluşturan enerji kaynaklarına yönelinmeye başlanmıştır. Bu enerji kaynakları güneş, rüzgâr, deniz dalgası ve akıntısı, gel-git olayları, nükleer ve jeotermal enerji kaynaklarıdır. Türkiye başta güneş enerjisi olmak üzere, rüzgâr ve jeotermal enerji kaynaklarından yararlanma potansiyeli yüksek olan bir ülkedir. Türkiye zengin jeotermal enerji kaynakları yönünden yıllık 31.500 MWt tahmin edilen kapasitesi ile dünyanın 5. ülkesidir. Türkiye’de 200’e yakın jeotermal sahası bulunmaktadır. Jeotermal kaynakları, sıcaklık derecelerine                                                                                                                                                                            bağlı olarak konut ısıtmada, termal otelcilik ve turizm de, elektrik üretimi ve sanayi ile seracılıkta kullanılmaktadır. Yozgat coğrafi konumu ve jeolojik özelliklerinden dolayı jeotermal potansiyeli fazla bir ildir. Geçmişte sadece kaplıca olarak faydalanılan jeotermal suların, günümüzde konut ısıtma ve seracılıkta giderek artan oranlarda daha teknik ve modern tesisler kurularak kullanılmaktadır. Jeotermal kaynakların entegre tesisler kurularak kullanılması ve işletilmesi Yozgat ekonomisine önemli katkı sağlayacaktır. Yozgat Merkez Çatakboğazı, Boğazlıyan, Saraykent, Sarıkaya, Sorgun ve Yerköy ilçelerinde jeotermal kaynaklarında konut ısıtma, termal turizm ve seracılık gibi faaliyetlerde kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca Aydıncık (Toraman Köyü), Çayıralan (Söbeçimer ve Bağlar mevki), Çekerek (Bayırhöyük ve Gönülyurdu Köyleri) Kadışehri (Hamampınarı) ve Şefaatli (Armağan Köyü) İlçelerinde 2011 yılında, Yenifakılı İlçesi’nde ise 2012’de ruhsatları alınmış jeotermal alanlar bulunmaktadır.Bu literatür çalışmasında dünyada ve Türkiye’de enerji ihtiyacının gelişimi kısa olarak açıklandıktan sonra, Türkiye’de alternatif enerji kaynaklarından biri olan jeotermal enerji kaynakları ve Yozgat İl’inde jeotermal kaynakların bulundukları alanlarda 29 ila 85 C^o arasında olan kuyuların yerleri ve özellikleri ile kaynaklardan yararlanma çeşitleri bir program çerçevesinde açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Jeotermal Kaynak, Yozgat, Termal Turizm, Enerji, Seracılık

 

 

Abstract. As a consequence of rapid population growth around the world and the development of industrialization by the last quarter of the 18^th century, the demand for energy has begun to increase at that rate. The fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas have been increasingly employed as energy raw materials to meet the demand. Eventually, the environmental pollution has come into question by the second half of the 20^th century as a result of excessive consumption of fossil fuels. The presence of environmental pollution in the world has been accepted by everyone since the beginning of the 1970s. As alternatives of fossil fuels, it has been headed towards new energy resources which do not pollute the environment or form the least pollution concerning rapid and severe environmental pollution. These energy resources are sun, wind, sea waves and flows, tidal, nuclear and geothermal energy. Turkey is a country with high potential of benefitting from particularly the solar energy as well as wind and geothermal energy resources. Turkey is the 5^th country in the world regarding its rich geothermal energy resources with an estimated annual capacity of 31.500 MWt. A total of approximately 200 geothermal fields exist in Turkey. The geothermal resources are primarily used for residential heating, thermal tourism, power generation, industry and greenhouse farming in accordance with the temperature rate. The province of Yozgat has a significant geothermal potential with respect to its geographic location and geological characteristics. Although the geothermal water was merely used for spa purposes in the past, it is now progressively employed in residential heating and greenhouse farming by constructing more technical and modern plants. The use and operation of geothermal resources in integrated facilities will provide an important contribution to the economy of Yozgat. The geothermal resources are employed for residential heating, thermal tourism and greenhouse farming in central Yozgat as well as the districts of Çatakboğazı, Boğazlıyan, Saraykent, Sarıkaya, Sorgun and Yerköy. On the other hand, there are geothermal fields licensed in 2011 around Aydıncık (Toraman village), Çayıralan (Söbeçimer and Bağlar location), Çekerek (Bayırhöyük and Gönülyurdu villages), Kadışehri (Hamampınarı) and Şefaatli (Armağan village) districts, and in Yenifakılı district licensed in 2012. In this literature study, having briefly described the development of energy demand in the world and in Turkey, the geothermal energy as an alternative energy supply in Turkey and the geothermal fields in Yozgat the locations and properties of wells a water temperature between 29 and 85 C^o in the geothermal fields of Yozgat province as well as the types of resource utilization are explained within a framework.

 

Keywords: Geothermal Resource, Yozgat, Thermal Tourism, Energy, Greenhouse Farming

Abstract. As a consequence of rapid population growth around the world and the development of industrialization by the last quarter of the 18^th century, the demand for energy has begun to increase at that rate. The fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas have been increasingly employed as energy raw materials to meet the demand. Eventually, the environmental pollution has come into question by the second half of the 20^th century as a result of excessive consumption of fossil fuels. The presence of environmental pollution in the world has been accepted by everyone since the beginning of the 1970s. As alternatives of fossil fuels, it has been headed towards new energy resources which do not pollute the environment or form the least pollution concerning rapid and severe environmental pollution. These energy resources are sun, wind, sea waves and flows, tidal, nuclear and geothermal energy. Turkey is a country with high potential of benefitting from particularly the solar energy as well as wind and geothermal energy resources. Turkey is the 5^th country in the world regarding its rich geothermal energy resources with an estimated annual capacity of 31.500 MWt. A total of approximately 200 geothermal fields exist in Turkey. The geothermal resources are primarily used for residential heating, thermal tourism, power generation, industry and greenhouse farming in accordance with the temperature rate. The province of Yozgat has a significant geothermal potential with respect to its geographic location and geological characteristics. Although the geothermal water was merely used for spa purposes in the past, it is now progressively employed in residential heating and greenhouse farming by constructing more technical and modern plants. The use and operation of geothermal resources in integrated facilities will provide an important contribution to the economy of Yozgat. The geothermal resources are employed for residential heating, thermal tourism and greenhouse farming in central Yozgat as well as the districts of Çatakboğazı, Boğazlıyan, Saraykent, Sarıkaya, Sorgun and Yerköy. On the other hand, there are geothermal fields licensed in 2011 around Aydıncık (Toraman village), Çayıralan (Söbeçimer and Bağlar location), Çekerek (Bayırhöyük and Gönülyurdu villages), Kadışehri (Hamampınarı) and Şefaatli (Armağan village) districts, and in Yenifakılı district licensed in 2012. In this literature study, having briefly described the development of energy demand in the world and in Turkey, the geothermal energy as an alternative energy supply in Turkey and the geothermal fields in Yozgat the locations and properties of wells a water temperature between 29 and 85 C^o in the geothermal fields of Yozgat province as well as the types of resource utilization are explained within a framework.

Keywords: Geothermal Resource, Yozgat, Thermal Tourism, Energy, Greenhouse Farming