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ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 DEVRİMİ VE EMEK PİYASALARINA ETKİSİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 3, 441 - 460, 26.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.746361

Öz

Tarihsel süreçte yaşanan tüm Sanayi Devrimleri emek piyasalarına etki ederek, beşeri sermayede aranan niteliklerin değişmesine sebep olmuştur ancak 2011 yılında Almanya’da ortaya atılan ve Endüstri 4.0 Devrimi olarak isimlendirilen, yeni üretim tarzının ekonomik hayatta ve özellikle de emek piyasalarında yaratacağı olası etkiler ilk üç devrimden çok daha büyük olacaktır. Bu çalışma Endüstri 4.0 Devrimin emek piyasalarına etkilerini teorik temelde tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen temel bulgu Endüstri 4.0 devriminin istihdam için aranan niteliklerde büyük değişimlere sebep olacağıdır. Nesnelerin interneti, yapay zeka, robotik teknolojiler ve algoritmalardaki hızlı değişim sonucunda gelecekteki işgücünün multidisipliner eğitim almış bireyler olması gerekecektir. Bu değişimler sadece vasıfsız çalışanları değil, tasarımcı, mühendis, avukat gibi vasıflı çalışanları da etkileyecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Abbate, J. (1999). Inventing the Internet (inside technology). Editorial The MIT Press, Cambridge.
  • Anderson, Chris (2012). Makers. The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Crown Publishing Group.
  • Ashton, T. S. (1948). Some Statistics of the Industrial Revolution in Britain 1. The Manchester School, 16(2), 214-234.
  • Benkler, Y. (2002). Coase's Penguin, or, Linux and" The Nature of the Firm". Yale Law Journal, 369-446.
  • Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. WW Norton & Company.
  • Castells, M. (2008). Enformasyon Çağı: Ekonomi, Toplum Ve Kültür Birinci Cilt Ağ Toplumunun Yükselişi. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, ISBN: 975-6176-16-4.
  • Clark, G., & Demircioğlu, E. (2013). Fukaralığa veda: Dünyanın kısa iktisadi tarihi. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Clark, G. (1992). The economics of exhaustion, the Postan thesis, and the agricultural revolution. The Journal of Economic History, 52(1), 61-84.
  • Collin, C. (1989). Science, Technology and Everyday Life, 1870-1950. Routledge.
  • Crafts, N. F. (1996). The first industrial revolution: A guided tour for growth economists. The American Economic Review, 197-201.
  • Diamond, J. (1987). The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race. Discover Magazine, May: 64-66.
  • Dizard, W. P. (1982). The coming information age: An overview of technology, economics, and politics. New York: Longman.
  • Drucker, P. F. (1994). Kapitalist ötesi toplum (Çev. B. Çorakçı). İstanbul: İnkılâp Yayınları.
  • Düzkaya, H. (2016). Endüstri devriminde dördüncü dalga ve eğitim: Türkiye dördüncü dalga endüstri devrimine hazır mı?. Eğitim Ve İnsani Bilimler Dergisi: Teori Ve Uygulama, 7(13), 49-88.
  • European Factories of the Future Research Association. (2013). Factories of the future: Multi-annual roadmap for the contractual PPP under Horizon 2020. Publications office of the European Union: Brussels, Belgium.
  • Forester, T. (Ed.). (1985). The information technology revolution. MIT Press.
  • Hall, P. G., & Preston, P. (1988). Carrier Wave: New Information Technology and the Geography of Innovation, 1846-2003. Routledge.
  • Hobsbawm, E. J. (2003). Sanayi ve İmparatorluk, çev. A. Ersoy, Dost Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Jänicke, M., & Jacob, K. (2009). A Third Industrial Revolution? Solutions to the crisis of resource-intensive growth. Solutions to the Crisis of Resource-Intensive Growth.
  • Kabaklarlı, E. (2016), Endüstri 4.0 ve Dijital Ekonomisi; Dünya ve Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Fırsatlar, Etkiler ve Tehditler, 1. Basım, Nobel Bilimsel Eserler, Ankara.
  • Kremer, M. (1993). The O-ring theory of economic development. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3), 551-575.
  • Kumar, K. (2013). Sanayi Sonrası Toplumdan Post-Modern Topluma : Çağdaş Dünyanın yeni kuramları, Dost Kitabevi (Çev: Mehmet Küçük), ISBN: 978-9-7575-0181-7.
  • Kuznets, S. (1965). Towards a Theory of Economic Growth “in Economic Growth and Structure. New York: W. W. Norton.
  • Leonhard, G. (2018). Teknolojiye Karşı İnsanlık. İstanbul: Siyah Kitap.
  • Malthus, T. R. (1872). An Essay on the Principle of Population.
  • Mazlish, B. (1993). The fourth discontinuity: the co-evolution of humans and machines. Yale University Press.
  • Mokyr, J. (2005). The intellectual origins of modern economic growth. The Journal of Economic History, 65(2), 285-351.
  • Mokyr, J. (1998). The second industrial revolution, 1870-1914. Storia dell’economia Mondiale.
  • Mokyr, J. (1990). The lever of riches: Technological creativity and economic progress. Oxford University Press, New York.
  • MTSO Mersin Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası (2017), <http://www.mtso.org.tr/tr/haberler/turkiye-avrasya-nin-endustri-4-0-merkezi-olabilir>, 04.11.2019.
  • Naughton, J. (1999). A Brief History of the Internet: The Organs of the Internet. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
  • North, D. C., & Weingast, B. R. (1989). Constitutions and commitment: the evolution of institutions governing public choice in seventeenth-century England. The journal of economic history, 49(4), 803-832.
  • Palumbi, S. R. (2001). Humans as the world's greatest evolutionary force. Science, 293(5536), 1786-1790.
  • Rifkin, J. (2011). The third industrial revolution: how lateral power is transforming energy, the economy, and the world. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Schwab, K. (2018). Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimini Şekillendirmek. Optimist Yayın Grubu.
  • Schwab, K. (2016). Dördüncü sanayi devrimi. Optimist Yayın Grubu.
  • Stearns, P. N. (2013). The industrial revolution in world history. Westview Press.
  • Temin, P. (1997). Two views of the British industrial revolution. The Journal of Economic History, 57(1), 63-82.
  • Wrigley, E. A. (1990). Continuity, chance and change: The character of the industrial revolution in England. Cambridge University Press.

INDUSTRY 4.0 REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACTS ON LABOR MARKET

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 3, 441 - 460, 26.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.746361

Öz

All the Industrial Revolutions in the historical process affected the labor markets and changed the qualifications sought in human capital. However, the possible impacts of the new mode of production, which was put forward in Germany in 2011 and named as the Industrial 4.0 Revolution, especially in the labor markets would be much larger than previous industrial revolutions. This study aims to determine the impacts of the Industry 4.0 Revolution on labor markets on a theoretical basis. The main finding of the study is that the Industrial 4.0 Revolution would lead to major changes in the qualifications required for employment. As a result of the rapid change in the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, robotics technologies, and algorithms; the future workforce would have to be individuals with multidisciplinary education. These changes would affect not only unqualified employees but also skilled employees such as designers, engineers, and lawyers.

Kaynakça

  • Abbate, J. (1999). Inventing the Internet (inside technology). Editorial The MIT Press, Cambridge.
  • Anderson, Chris (2012). Makers. The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Crown Publishing Group.
  • Ashton, T. S. (1948). Some Statistics of the Industrial Revolution in Britain 1. The Manchester School, 16(2), 214-234.
  • Benkler, Y. (2002). Coase's Penguin, or, Linux and" The Nature of the Firm". Yale Law Journal, 369-446.
  • Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. WW Norton & Company.
  • Castells, M. (2008). Enformasyon Çağı: Ekonomi, Toplum Ve Kültür Birinci Cilt Ağ Toplumunun Yükselişi. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, ISBN: 975-6176-16-4.
  • Clark, G., & Demircioğlu, E. (2013). Fukaralığa veda: Dünyanın kısa iktisadi tarihi. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Clark, G. (1992). The economics of exhaustion, the Postan thesis, and the agricultural revolution. The Journal of Economic History, 52(1), 61-84.
  • Collin, C. (1989). Science, Technology and Everyday Life, 1870-1950. Routledge.
  • Crafts, N. F. (1996). The first industrial revolution: A guided tour for growth economists. The American Economic Review, 197-201.
  • Diamond, J. (1987). The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race. Discover Magazine, May: 64-66.
  • Dizard, W. P. (1982). The coming information age: An overview of technology, economics, and politics. New York: Longman.
  • Drucker, P. F. (1994). Kapitalist ötesi toplum (Çev. B. Çorakçı). İstanbul: İnkılâp Yayınları.
  • Düzkaya, H. (2016). Endüstri devriminde dördüncü dalga ve eğitim: Türkiye dördüncü dalga endüstri devrimine hazır mı?. Eğitim Ve İnsani Bilimler Dergisi: Teori Ve Uygulama, 7(13), 49-88.
  • European Factories of the Future Research Association. (2013). Factories of the future: Multi-annual roadmap for the contractual PPP under Horizon 2020. Publications office of the European Union: Brussels, Belgium.
  • Forester, T. (Ed.). (1985). The information technology revolution. MIT Press.
  • Hall, P. G., & Preston, P. (1988). Carrier Wave: New Information Technology and the Geography of Innovation, 1846-2003. Routledge.
  • Hobsbawm, E. J. (2003). Sanayi ve İmparatorluk, çev. A. Ersoy, Dost Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Jänicke, M., & Jacob, K. (2009). A Third Industrial Revolution? Solutions to the crisis of resource-intensive growth. Solutions to the Crisis of Resource-Intensive Growth.
  • Kabaklarlı, E. (2016), Endüstri 4.0 ve Dijital Ekonomisi; Dünya ve Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Fırsatlar, Etkiler ve Tehditler, 1. Basım, Nobel Bilimsel Eserler, Ankara.
  • Kremer, M. (1993). The O-ring theory of economic development. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3), 551-575.
  • Kumar, K. (2013). Sanayi Sonrası Toplumdan Post-Modern Topluma : Çağdaş Dünyanın yeni kuramları, Dost Kitabevi (Çev: Mehmet Küçük), ISBN: 978-9-7575-0181-7.
  • Kuznets, S. (1965). Towards a Theory of Economic Growth “in Economic Growth and Structure. New York: W. W. Norton.
  • Leonhard, G. (2018). Teknolojiye Karşı İnsanlık. İstanbul: Siyah Kitap.
  • Malthus, T. R. (1872). An Essay on the Principle of Population.
  • Mazlish, B. (1993). The fourth discontinuity: the co-evolution of humans and machines. Yale University Press.
  • Mokyr, J. (2005). The intellectual origins of modern economic growth. The Journal of Economic History, 65(2), 285-351.
  • Mokyr, J. (1998). The second industrial revolution, 1870-1914. Storia dell’economia Mondiale.
  • Mokyr, J. (1990). The lever of riches: Technological creativity and economic progress. Oxford University Press, New York.
  • MTSO Mersin Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası (2017), <http://www.mtso.org.tr/tr/haberler/turkiye-avrasya-nin-endustri-4-0-merkezi-olabilir>, 04.11.2019.
  • Naughton, J. (1999). A Brief History of the Internet: The Organs of the Internet. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
  • North, D. C., & Weingast, B. R. (1989). Constitutions and commitment: the evolution of institutions governing public choice in seventeenth-century England. The journal of economic history, 49(4), 803-832.
  • Palumbi, S. R. (2001). Humans as the world's greatest evolutionary force. Science, 293(5536), 1786-1790.
  • Rifkin, J. (2011). The third industrial revolution: how lateral power is transforming energy, the economy, and the world. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Schwab, K. (2018). Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimini Şekillendirmek. Optimist Yayın Grubu.
  • Schwab, K. (2016). Dördüncü sanayi devrimi. Optimist Yayın Grubu.
  • Stearns, P. N. (2013). The industrial revolution in world history. Westview Press.
  • Temin, P. (1997). Two views of the British industrial revolution. The Journal of Economic History, 57(1), 63-82.
  • Wrigley, E. A. (1990). Continuity, chance and change: The character of the industrial revolution in England. Cambridge University Press.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ali Eren Alper 0000-0003-0008-1202

Fındık Özlem Alper 0000-0002-7829-8551

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Ekim 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Alper, A. E., & Alper, F. Ö. (2020). INDUSTRY 4.0 REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACTS ON LABOR MARKET. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 29(3), 441-460. https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.746361

Cited By

Sanayi 4.0, İşgücü Piyasası ve Bilgi İşçiliği
The Journal of International Lingual Social and Educational Sciences
https://doi.org/10.34137/jilses.1015418