THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKAHOLISM AND WELL-BEING: THE MEDIATING ROLES OF WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT AND STRESS: A STUDY ON HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS IN ADANA

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3, 251 - 265, 31.12.2021

Sefer Yılmaz , Azmi Yalçın , Kemal Can Kılıç , İlksun Didem Ülbeği

https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1022366

Cited By: 1

Öz

Purpose – In this study, the serial mediator roles of work-family conflict and stress in the relationship between workaholism and well-being are examined.
Design/methodology/approach – Research is undertaken with 446 teachers in Adana, and the data is collected via the survey method. Data analysis is conducted by using explanatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, structural equation modeling with bootstrap. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient is utilized to examine the reliability of scales.
Findings – Research results showed that workaholism has positively affected on both work-family conflict and stress, and negatively affected on well-being. Moreover, in the study, while work-family conflict was found to impact on stress positively, it was found to impact on well-being negatively. Furthermore, the negative effect of stress on well-being was observed. In addition to these direct effects, both the mediating and serial mediating roles of work-family conflict and stress in the relationship between workaholism and well-being were detected.
Discussion –The research results are expected to shed light on the interplay of variables around workaholism and ignite further studies examining these relationships with different samples in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Workaholism, well-being, work-family conflict, stress, serial mediation

İŞKOLİKLİK VE İYİ OLUŞ İLİŞKİSİNDE İŞ-AİLE ÇATIŞMASI VE STRESİN ARACI ROLLERİ: ADANA İLİNDE ÖĞRETMENLER ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA

Öz

Amaç - Bu çalışmada öğretmenlerin işkolik olma durumları ile iyi oluşları ilişkisinde iş-aile çatışması ve stresin seri aracılık rolleri ele alınmıştır.
Tasarım/Yöntem/Yaklaşım - Araştırma Adana ilinde 446 öğretmen ile gerçekleştirilmiş olup analizde kullanılan veri anket yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Veri analizinde açıklayıcı faktör analizi, Pearson korelasyon analizi, yapısal eşitlik modeli bootstrap yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ölçeklerin güvenirliğini ortaya koymak için ise Cronbach Alpha katsayısı dikkate alınmıştır.
Bulgular - Araştırma bulgularına göre, işkoliklik ile iş-aile çatışması ve stres üzerinde pozitif yönlü, iyi-oluş üzerinde ise negatif yönlü ve anlamlı etkileri bulunmuştur. Ayrıca iş-aile çatışmasının stres üzerindeki pozitif yönlü etkisi ile iyi-oluş üzerindeki negatif yönlü anlamlı etkileri ortaya konulmuştur. Bunlara ek olarak stresin de iyi oluş üzerinde negatif yönlü doğrudan etkisi gösterilmiştir. Doğrudan etkilere ilaveten işkolikliğin iyi oluşa etkisinde iş-aile çatışmasının ve stresin aracılık etkileri ile işkolikliğin iyi oluşa etkisinde iş-aile çatışmasının stres ile birlikte seri aracılık etkileri ortaya konulmuştur.
Tartışma - Araştırma sonuçlarının ileride yapılacak çalışmalar ile farklı örneklemlerde ele alınarak söz konusu ilişkilerin incelenmesinde katkı sağlayacağını ifade etmek mümkündür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

stress, iş koliklik, iyi oluş, iş aile çatışması, seri aracılık etkisi

Kaynakça

• Andreassen, C. S., Griffiths, M. D., Hetland, J., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a work addiction scale. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 265–272.
• Andreassen, C. S., Hetland, J., & Pallesen, S. (2014). Psychometric assessment of workaholism measures. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29, 7–24.
• Andreassen, C. S., Ursin, H., & Eriksen, H. R. (2007). The relationship between strong motivation to work, "workaholism," and health. Psychology and Health, 22(5), 615-629.
• Atroszko, P. A., Pallesen, S., Griffiths, M. D., and Andreassen, C. S. (2017) Work addiction in Poland: adaptation of the Bergen Work Addiction Scale and relationship with psychopathology, Health Psychology Report, doi: https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2017.68759.
• Atroszko, P.A. (2012). Research on Behavioural Addictions: Work Addiction. In: M. Baranowska-Szczepańska i M. Gołaszewski (Eds.), Modern Research Trends of Young Scientists: Current Status, Problems and Prospects (pp. 11-24). Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Handlu i Usług. ISBN: 978-83-61449-44-7.
• Aziz, S. & Zickar, M. J. (2006) A Cluster Analysis Investigation of Workaholism as a Syndrome, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(1), 52–62.
• Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Burke, R. (2009). Workaholism and relationship quality: A spillover-crossover perspective. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14, 23-33.
• Bayram, N. (2010). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş. İstanbul: Ezgi Kitabevi.
• Bonebright, C. A. (2001). The Relationship Of Workaholism With Stress, Burnout, And Productivity. PhD thesis, The University of Iowa.
• Bonebright, C. A., Clay, D. L., & Ankenmann. R. D. (2000). The relationship of workaholism with work-life conflict, life satisfaction, and purpose in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(4), 469-477.
• Boyd, J. & Philip, Z. (2012). The Time Paradox: Using the New Psychology of Time to Your Advantage, Rondom house e books
• Burke, R. A., Oberklaid, F., & Burgess, Z. (2004). Workaholism among Australian women psychologists: Antecedents and consequences. Women in Management Review, 5, 252–259.
• Burke, R. J. & Fiskenbaum, L. (2009). Work motivations, work outcomes and health: Passion versus addiction. Journal of Business Ethics, 84, 257–263.
• Burke, R. J. (1999b). Workaholism in organizations: The role of personal beliefs and fears. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 13, 1–12.
• Burke, R. J. (2001). Workaholism components, job satisfaction, and career progress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, 2339-2356.
• Burke, R.J. (1999). It’s not how hard you work but how you work hard: Evaluating workaholism components. International Journal of Stress Management, 6, 225–240.
• Burke, R.J. (2000). Workaholism in organizations: Psychological and physical wellbeing consequences. Stress Medicine, 16, 11–16.
• Burke, R.J., & Koksal, H. (2002). Workaholism among a sample of Turkish managers and professionals: An exploratory study. Psychological Reports, 91, 60–68.
• Clark, M. A., Michel, J. S., Zhdanova, L., Pui, S. Y., & Baltes, B. B. (2014). All work and no play? A meta-analytic examination of the correlates and outcomes of workaholism. Journal of Management, 1-38. doi: 10.1177/0149206314522301.
• Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38(5), 300–314.
• Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. (1988). Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States. In S. Spacapan & S. Oskamp (Eds.), The social psychology of health: Claremont Symposium on applied social psychology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
• Dudek, B., & Szymczak, W. (2011). Psychological, social and health consequences of workaholism. In: Dudek B, editor. Social psychological and health consequences of workaholism. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 5–37.
• Fassel, D. (1990). Working ourselves to death: The high costs of workaholism, the rewards of recovery. San Francisco: Harper Collins.
• Fletcher, J. K. & Bailyn, L. (1996). Challenging the last boundary: Reconnecting work and family. In M. B. Arthur, & D. M. Rousseau (Eds.), The boundaryless career (pp. 256-267). New York: Oxford University.
• Garson, B. (1990). Work addiction: Organizational boon or doom. Atlanta: Garson and Associates.
• Greenberg, J. (1987). Comprehensive stress management. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown Publishers.
• Hair, J. F. Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective, 7th edition. New Jersey, NJ: Prentice Hall.
• Hanson, P. (1985). Stress for success: How to make stress on the job work for you. New York: Doubleday.
• Hayes, A. F., Preacher, K. J. & Myers, T. A. (2011). Mediation and the Estimation of Indirect Effects in Political Communication Research (pp. 434-465). In E. P. Bucy & R. L. Holbert (Eds.), Sourcebook for political communication research: Methods, measures and analytical techniques. New York: Routledge.
• http://adana.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2019_12/18152148_2019-2023_Adana_Yl_Mem_Stratejik_Plan.pdf (Date Accessed: 22.05.2020)
• Huppert, F. A., & So, T. T. C. (2013). Flourishing across Europe: Application of a new conceptual framework for defining well-being. Social Indicators Research, 110, 837–861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205- 011-9966-7
• Kanai, A., Wakabayashi, M., & Fling, S. (1996). Workaholism among employees in Japanese corporations: An examination based on the Japanese version of the Workaholism Scales. Japanese Psychological Research, 38, 192–203.
• Killinger, B. (1991) Workaholics: The respectable addicts. New York: Simon & Schuster.
• Korn, E., & Pratl, G. (1986). “Workaholism” often a sign of success. Hospital Manager, 16(1), 1-3.
• Kornhauser, A. (1965). Mental health of the industrial worker: A Detroit study. John Wiley.
• Lanzo, L., Aziz, S. & Wuensch, K. (2016).Workaholism and incivility: stress and psychological capital’s role. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, (9)2, 165-183. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWHM-08-2015-0051
• Lyubomirsky, S. & Lepper, H.S. (1999). A Measure of Subjective Happiness: Preliminary Reliability and Construct Validation. Social Indicators Research, 46 (2), 137-155.
• Machlowitz, M. (1980) Workaholics: Living with them, working with them. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
• Matthews, R. A., Kath, L. M., & Barnes-Farrell, J. L. (2010). A Short, Valid, Predictive Measure of Work–Family Conflict: Item Selection and Scale Validation, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15 (1), 75-90.
• McMillan, L.H.W., Brady, E.C., O’Driscoll, M.P., & Marsh, N. (2002). A multifaceted validation study of Spence and Robbins’ (1992) Workaholism Battery. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75, 357–368.
• Meydan, C. H. & Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi AMOS Uygulamaları Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
• Morris, J. H., & Snyder, R. A. (1979). A second look at need for achievement and need for autonomy as moderators of role perception–outcome relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64(2), 173–178. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.64.2.173
• Ng, T. W. H., Sorensen, K. L. & Feldman, D. C. (2007) Dimensions, Antecedents, and Consequences of Workaholism: A Conceptual Integration and Extension. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28 (1), 111-136.
• Oates, W. (1968). On being a workaholic (a serious jest). Pastoral Psychology, (19), 16-20.
• Oates, W. (1971). Confessions of a workaholic. New York: World Publishing Company.
• Orosz, G., Dombi, E., Andreassen, C. S., Griffiths, M. D. & Demetrovics, Z. (2015). Analyzing Models of Work Addiction: Single Factor and Bi-Factor Models of the Bergen Work Addiction Scale, International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 14, 662–671.
• Porter, G. (1996). Organizational impact of workaholism: Suggestions for researching the negative outcomes of excessive work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1, 70-84.
• Robinson B. E. & Post P. (1994). Validity of the Work Addiction Risk Test. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78, 337-338.
• Robinson, B. E. & Post, P. (1995). Work addiction as a function of family of origin and its influence on current family functioning. The Family Journal, 3, 200-220.
• Robinson, B. E. (1999) The Work Addiction Risk Test: Development of a Tentative Measure of Workaholism, Perceptual arid Motor Skills, 88, 199-210.
• Robinson, B. E., & Post, P. (1997). Risk of work addiction to family functioning. Psychological Reports, 81, 91–95.
• Robinson, B. E., Flowers, C., & Carroll, J. (2001). Work stress and marriage: A theoretical model examining the relationship between workaholism and marital cohesion. International Journal of Stress Management, 8, 165-175.
• Robinson, B., Carroll, J.J., & Flowers, C. (2001). Marital estrangement, positive affect and locus of control among spouses of workaholics and spouses of nonworkaholics: A national study. Am J Fam Ther, 29, 397–410.
• Robinson, B.E. (1998). Chained to the desk: A gudiebook for workaholics, their partners and children and the clinicians who treat them. New York: NYU Press.
• Robinson, B.E. (1999). The Work Addiction Risk Test: Development of a tentative measure of workaholism. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88, 199–210.
• Robinson, R. (1989). Work addictions: Hidden legacy of adult children. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communities, Inc.
• Salanova, M., Del Líbano, M., Llorens, S., Schaufeli, W.B., & Fidalgo, M. (2008). La adicción al trabajo [Workaholism]. Nota Técnica de Prevención, 759, 22ª Serie. Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo.
• Salmela-Aro, K., & Nurmi, J. (2004). Employees’ motivational orientation and wellbeing at work. Journal of Organizational Change Management 17(5), 471-489.
• Schaef, K. S., & Fassel, D. (1998). The addictive organization. San Francisco: Harper & Row Publishers.
• Schaufeli, W.B., Shimazu, A., & Taris, T.W. (2009). Being driven to work exceptionally hard: The evaluation of a two-factor measure of workaholism in the Netherlands and Japan. Cross-Cultural Research, 43, 320–348.
• Scott, K.S., Moore, K.S., & Miceli, M.P. (1997). An exploration of the meaning and consequences of workaholism. Human Relations, 50, 287–314.
• Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. New York, NY: Free Press.
• Seybold, K.C., & Salomone, P.R. (1994) Understanding workaholism: A view of causes and counseling approaches, Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 4-9.
• Shimazu, A., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Is workaholism good or bad for employee well-being? The distinctiveness of workaholism and work engagement among Japanese employees. Industrial Health, 47, 495–502.
• Shimazu, A., Schaufeli, W. B., & Taris, T. W. (2010). How does workaholism affect worker health and performance? The mediating role of coping. International Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 17, 154–160.
• Şimşek, D. (2020). Hücresel sağlıktan ruhsal yolculuğa, Birim. İstanbul: Nemesis Kitap.
• Smith, D. E., & Seymour, R. B. (2004). The nature of addiction. In R. H. Coombs (Ed.), Handbook of addictive disorders: A practical guide to diagnosis and treatment: 3-30. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
• Sparks, K., Cooper, C., Fried, Y., & Shirom, A. (1997). The effects of hours of work on health: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 391–408.
• Spence, J.T. & Robbins, A.S. (1992) Workaholism: Definition, measurement, and preliminary results. Journal of Personality Assessment, 58, 160-178.
• Taris, T.W., Schaufeli, W.B., & Verhoeven, L.C. (2005). Internal and external validation of the Dutch Work Addiction Risk Test: Implications for jobs and non-work conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology: An International Review, 54, 37–60.
• Van der Hulst, M. (2003). Long work hours and health. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 29, 171–188.
• Robinson, B. E. (1996). Concurrent Validity of the Work Addiction Risk Test as a Measure of Workaholism. Psychological Reports, 79(3_suppl), 1313–1314. doi:10.2466/pr0.1996.79.3f.1313
• Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & van Rhenen, W. (2008). Workaholism, Burnout, and Work Engagement: Three of a Kind or Three Different Kinds of Employee Well-being? Applied Psychology, 57(2), 173–203. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00285.x