Dehşet Yönetimi Kuramı Açısından Ölüm Kaygısının İngiltere’de Müslümanlara Yönelik Tutumların Üzerindeki Etkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 55 (15-06-2019), 27 - 50, 15.06.2019

Kenan Sevinç

https://doi.org/10.15745/da.530472

Öz

İngiltere, Avrupa’da en fazla Müslüman nüfusa sahip
ülkelerden biridir ve Avrupa genelinde aşırı sağın yükselişe geçmesiyle paralel
olarak İngiltere’de Müslümanlara yönelik olumsuz tutumlar ve ayrımcılık
artmaktadır. Özelde Müslümanlara genelde ise tüm yabancılara yönelik olumsuz
tutumların birçok farklı psikolojik nedeni bulunmaktadır. Dehşet Yönetimi
Kuramı, bunlardan birisinin de bireylere ölümün hatırlatılması olduğunu iddia
etmektedir. Dehşet Yönetimi Kuramına göre, hayatta kalmak gibi güçlü bir
motivasyona sahip olan insan aynı zamanda tüm hayatta kalma çabalarının bir gün
başarısız olacağını bilir ve ölüm kaygısı yaşar. Bu kaygıdan kurtulmak için
kültürüne yönelir ve onu güçlü şekilde savunmaya başlar. Ölümün hatırlatıldığı
bireyler, ölüm kaygısının üstesinden gelmek için kendi kültürlerine
yöneldiklerinde, diğer kültürlere yani dış gruplara veya onların üyelerine
karşı önyargı geliştirirler veya onlara karşı olumsuz tutumlar edinirler. Bu
iddianın test edilmesi için 2018 yılı içerisinde İngiltere’de 50 kişinin katılımıyla
bir deney gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılar eşit iki gruba ayrılarak deney ve
kontrol grupları oluşturulmuştur. Ölümün hatırlatılmasının Müslümanlara yönelik
tutumlar üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi için deney grubuna ölümü hatırlatıcı
video izlettirilmiş ve daha sonra her iki gruba Müslümanlara yönelik tutumları
ölçen sorular yöneltilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler analiz edildiğinde, ölümün
hatırlatıldığı bireylerin (deney grubu), Müslümanlara yönelik tutumlarının
diğer bireylerden (kontrol grubu) daha olumsuz oldukları tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dehşet Yönetimi Kuramı, Ölüm, Ölüm Kaygısı, Yabancı Düşmanlığı, Müslüman

The Effect of Death Anxiety on Attitudes towards Muslims in the UK: A Terror Management Theory Perspective

Öz

The United Kingdom is one of the countries
with the highest Muslim population in Europe and in the UK, negative attitudes
and discrimination against Muslims are increasing in parallel with the rise of
far right in all around Europe. There are many different psychological reasons
for negative attitudes towards foreigners and especially towards Muslims.
Terror Management Theory claims that one of these reasons is the mortality
salience. According to the theory, human with a strong motivation to survive
knows that one day all his efforts will fail and he will die. This creates a
death anxiety. In order to get rid of this anxiety, the individual turns his
face to his culture or world view and begins to defend it strongly. Individuals,
whose deaths are reminded, develop prejudice or develop negative attitudes
toward other cultures, ie, outgroups or towards their members, when they turn
to their own culture to deal with the anxiety. In order to test this claim, an
experiment was conducted with participation of 50 people in the UK in 2018. The
participants were divided into two groups as experimental and control groups.
In order to examine the effect of the mortality salience on the attitudes
towards Muslims, the experimental group was shown a video about death, and
then, both groups were asked questions that measured attitudes towards Muslims.
As a result of the experiment, it has been found that the attitudes of participants
(experimental group) to whom the death was reminded, towards Muslims are more
negative than the attitudes of other participants (control group).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Terror Management Theory, Death, Mortality Salience, Xenophobia, Muslim

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