A Research on Externalities in Transportation Sector

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 12, 95 - 105, 31.07.2020

Meserret Nalçakan

https://doi.org/10.47072/demiryolu.740115

Cited By: 1

Öz

Transportation activities have a significant role in the service sector. Transportation has led to major changes in the history of human development, economically, socially, culturally and politically. With the growth both in freight capacity and in the number of passengers, along with the boosting effect of the increased transportation speed, the developments in transportation services paved the way for globalization. While being carrying out, transportation services, besides many desirable outcomes, cause adverse effects faced by individuals and society; in other words, lead to the problem of externality. Externality is considered as the cost that needs to be eliminated when the producers or consumers do not bear all the consequences, or when they do not take into account the effects they reflect on a third party, of their behaviors. In this study, it is aimed to determine externalities identified as negativities occurring during the transportation services, to examine the economic effects of externalities, and to discuss the methods on internalizing externalities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Transportation, Externalities, Internalization of Externalities, Globalization

Ulaştırma Sektöründe Dışsallıklar Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Öz

Ulaştırma faaliyetlerinin hizmet sektörü içinde çok önemli yeri bulunmaktadır. Ulaştırma, insanlığın gelişim tarihinde ekonomik, toplumsal, kültürel ve politik yönden önemli değişikliklerin yaşanmasına yol açmıştır. Taşınan yük kapasitesi ve yolcu sayısındaki artışla birlikte taşıma hızındaki artışın da etkisiyle ulaştırma hizmetlerindeki gelişmeler küreselleşmeyi beraberinde getirmiştir. Ulaştırma hizmetleri, pek çok olumlu etkisinin yanında söz konusu hizmetlerin gerçekleştirilmesi sürecinde bireylerin ve toplumun maruz kaldığı olumsuzlukların; başka bir söyleyişle dışsallık sorununun yaşanmasına yol açmaktadır. Dışsallık; üretici ya da tüketicilerin davranışlarının bütün sonuçlarına katlanmadıkları; başkaları üzerindeki etkilerini hesaba katmadıklarında beliren ve söz konusu etkilerinin ortadan kaldırılması gereken bir maliyet unsuru olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ulaştırma hizmetlerinin sunulması esnasında ortaya çıkan olumsuzluklar şeklinde tanımlanan dışsallıkların belirlenmesi, dışsallıkların ekonomik etkilerinin irdelenmesi ve dışsallıkların içselleştirilmesiyle ilgili yöntemlerin ele alınması amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ulaştırma, Dışsallıklar, Dışsallıkların içselleştirilmesi, Küreselleşme.

Kaynakça

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