Oyun Terapisi ve Oyun Terapisinin Gruplarda Kullanımı

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 51, 287 - 303, 30.06.2021

Semra Kiye , İlhan Yalçın

https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.836043

Cited By: 2

Öz

Oyun terapisi yaklaşık yüz yıllık bir geçmişe sahiptir ve çocuklarla psikolojik danışma yapmanın bir yoludur. Oyun terapisinde çocuklar doğal dilleri olan oyunu kullanarak kendilerini ifade ederler. Ayrıca yaşadıkları problemleri oyun oynayarak canlandırır ve böylelikle tarif edemedikleri duygularını keşfederler. Oyun terapisine ilişkin pek çok farklı kuramsal yaklaşımlar bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte oyun terapisi uygulamaları temelde direktif olan, direktif olmayan ve aile oyun terapileri olarak üç başlık altında toplanabilir. Günümüzde bireysel ve aile ile uygulanan oyun terapilerinin yanı sıra grupla uygulanan oyun terapileri de yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Yapılan alan yazın incelemesinde yurt dışında grupla oyun terapisine ilişkin pek çok araştırma bulunurken Türkiye’ de sınırlı sayıda araştırma bulunduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı oyun terapisini ve oyun terapisinin gruplarda uygulanmasını ele almak ve tanıtmaktır. Buna yönelik olarak oyun terapisi, oyun terapisindeki kuramsal yaklaşımlar ve oyun terapisinin gruplardaki uygulama biçimi incelenmiş ve tartışılmıştır. Son olarak oyun terapisi ve gruplarda oyun terapisi kullanımına ilişkin öneriler paylaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

oyun, oyun terapisi, grupla oyun terapisi

Kaynakça

• Allan, J. ve Brown, K. (1993). Jungian play therapy in elementary schools. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 28, 5–25.
• Association for Play Therapy (2019). Play therapy definition. https://www.a4pt.org/page/ClarifyingUseofPT. 03.11.2019 tarihinde ulaşılmıştır.
• Apter, S. J. (1977). Applications of ecological theory: Tovvard a community special education model for troubled children. Exceptional Children, 43, 366-373.
• Axline, V. (1981). Play therapy. New York: The Ballantine Publishing Group.
• Baggerly, J.(2004). The effects of chıld-centered group play therapy on self-concept, depressıon, and anxıety of chıldren who are homeless. International Journal of Play Therapy, 13(2), 31-51.
• Baggerly, J.ve Parker, M.(2005). Child-centered group play therapy with african american boys at the elementary school level. Journal of Counseling and Development. 83, 387–396.
• Bleck, R. T. ve Bleck, B. L. (1982). The disruptive child's play group. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 17(2), 137-141.
• Blom, R. (2006). The handbook of gestalt play therapy. (2. Baskı). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
• Burghardt, G. M. (2005). The genesis of animal play: Testing the limits. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
• Candan, S. (2017). 3-10 yaş arası gelişimsel problemleri olan çocuklarda çocuk merkezli oyun terapisinin etkisinin incelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum.
• Carmichael, K. (2006b). Play therapy: An introduction. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
• Cheng, Y. ve Ray, D. C.(2016). Child-centered group play therapy: ımpact on social-emotional assets of kindergarten children, The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 41(3), 209-237, doi: 10.1080/01933922.2016.1197350
• Chinekesh, A., Kamalian, M., Eltemasi, M., Chinekesh, S. ve Alavi, M. (2014). The effect of group play therapy on social-emotional skills in pre-school children. Global Journal of Health Science, 6, 163–167.
• Cohan, S. L., Chavira, D. A. ve Stein, M. B. (2006). Practitioner review: Psychosocial interventions for children with selective mutism: A critical evaluation of the literature from 1990–2005. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 1085–1097. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01662.x
• Danger, S. (2003). Adaptive doll play: Helping children cope with change. International Journal of Play Therapy, 12(1), 105–116.
• Davenport, B. ve Bourgeois, N. (2008). Play, aggression, the preschool child, and the family: A review of literature to guide empirically informed play therapy with aggressive preschool children. International Journal of Play Therapy, 17(1), 2–23.
• Eğitimciler Birliği Sendikası. (2018). Eğitime bakış 2018 izleme ve değerlendirme raporu. Erişim adresi: https://www.ebs.org.tr/ebs_files/files/yayinlarimiz/EgitimeBakis2018_Izleme_degerlendirme_raporu.pdf
• Else, P. (2009). The value of play. New York: Continuum.
• Gil, E. (1991 ). The healing power of play: Working with abused children. New York: Guilford Press.
• Glazer, H. R. (2010). Filial play therapy for grieving preschool children. Ed. Charles E. Schaefer (Der.), Play therapy for preschool children içinde (89-107). Washington: American Psychological Association.
• Green, E. J. (2008). Reenvisioning jungian analytical play therapy with child sexual assault survivors. International Journal of Play Therapy, 7(2), 102–121. doi: 10.1037/a0012770
• Gumaer, J. (1984). Developmental play in small group counseling with disturbed children. The School Counselor, 31 (5), 445-453.
• Guerney, B. G., Jr., Stollak, G. ve Guerney, l. F. (1971). The practicing psychologist as educator: an alternative to the medical practitioner model. The Counseling Psychologist, 2 (3), 276–282.
• Hess. B. A., Post, P. ve Flowers, C. (2005). A follow-up study of kinder training for preschool teachers of children deemed at-risk. International Journal of Play Therapy, 14 (1), 103–115. doi:10.1037/h0088898
• Huth-Bocks, A., Schettini, A. ve Shebroe, V. (2001). Group play therapy for preschoolers exposed to domestic violence. Journal of Child and Adolescent Group Therapy, 11(1), 19–33.
• Jarareh, J., Mohammadi, A., Nader, M. ve Moosavian, S. A. (2016). The impact of group play therapy on creativity and control of aggression in preschool children. Cogent Psychology, 3 (1), 1-9. doi: 10.1080/23311908
• Jones, D. K. (2002) Group play therapy with sexually abused preschool children: group behaviors and ınterventions, Journal For Specıalısts In Group Work, 27 (4), 377-389. doi: 10.1080/714860200
• Kale, A. ve Landreth, G. (1999). Filial therapy with parents of children experiencing learning diffi culties. International Journal of Play Therapy, 8(2), 35–56.
• Karcher, M. (2002). The principles and practices of pair counseling: A dyadic developmental play therapy for aggressive, withdrawn, and socially immature youth. International Journal for Play Therapy, 11(2), 121–147.
• Klein, M. (1955). The psychoanalytıc play technıque. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 223-237.
• Knell, S. M. ve Dasarı, M. (2010). Cognitive- behavioral play therapy for preschoolers: integrating play and cognitive-behavioral interventions. Ed. Charles E. Schaefer (Der.), Play therapy for preschool children içinde (157-179). Washington: American Psychological Association.
• Kottman, T. (2011). Play therapy: Basics and beyond. (2. Baskı). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
• Kottman, T. ve Meany-Walen, K. (2016). Partners in play: an Adlerian approach to play therapy.(3. Baskı). VA: American Counseling Association.
• Landreth, G. L. (2002). Play therapy: The art of the relationship (2nd ed.). New York: Brunner-Routledge.
• Mastrangelo, S. (2009). Play and the child with autism spectrum disorder: From possibilities to practice. International Journal of Play Therapy, 18(1), 13–30.
• Meany-Walen,K. K., Bullis, Q., Kottman, T.ve Taylor, D. D. (2015). Group adlerian play therapy with children with off-task behaviors. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 40 (3), 294-314. doi: 10.1080/01933922
• Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2001). Rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma yönetmeliği. Sayı: 24376.
• Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2017). Rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma yönetmeliği. Sayı: 30236.
• Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2020). Millî eğitim istatistikleri örgün eğitim 2019-2020. Erişim adresi: http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/www/icerik_goruntule.php?KNO=396
• McMahon, L. (1992). The handbook of play therapy. London: Routledge.
• Morrison, M. (2009). Adlerian play therapy with a traumatized boy. Journal of Individual Psychology, 65(1), 57–68.
• Mullen, J. (2002). How play therapists understand children through stories of abuse and neglect: A qualitative study. International Journal of Play Therapy, 11(2), 107–119.
• Ngamthipwatthana, T., Kiattisirichai, Y., Hosiri, T. ve Manussirivithaya, V.(2018). The Effect of Group Cognitive Behavioral Play Therapy Program on Self-Control among Late Childhood in Foster Care. Siriraj Medical Journal, 70 (6), 507-513. doi:10.14456/smj.2018.82
• O’Connor, K. (2011). Integrating ecosystemic play therapy and theraplay in the treatment of attachment disorders. Ed. Athena A. Drewes, Sue C. Bratton ve Charles E. Schaefer (Der.), Integrative play therapy içinde (297-325). Hoboken, New Jersey, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
• Paone, T. ve Douma, K. (2009). Child-centered play therapy with a seven year-old boy diagnosed with intermittent explosive disorder. International Journal of Play Therapy, 18(1), 31–44.
• Porter, M. L., Hernandez‐Reif. M. ve Jessee, P.(2009). Play therapy: A review. Early Child Development and Care, 179(8), 1025-1040. doi: 10.1080/03004430701731613
• Ray, D., Schottelkorb, A. ve Tsai, M. (2007). Play therapy with children exhibiting symptoms of attention-defi cit hyperactivity disorder. International Journal of Play Therapy, 16(2), 95–111.
• Ray, D. (2011). Advanced play therapy: Essential conditions, knowledge, and skills for child practice. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis Group.
• Ryan, V. (2004). Adapting non-directive play therapy for children with attachment disorder. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 9(1), 75–87.
• Schuurman, D. L. ve DeCristofaro, J. (2007). After a parent’s death: group, family, and ındividual therapy to help children. Ed. Nancy Boyd Webb (Der.), Play therapy wıth chıldren ın crısıs. Individual, group, and family treatment içinde (173-197). New York, The Guilford Press.
• Su, S. H., ve Tsaı, M. H. (2016). Group play therapy with children of new ımmigrants in taiwan who are exhibiting relationship difficulties. International Journal of Play Therap,. 25 (2), 91–10. doi:10.1037/pla0000014
• Sutton-Smith, B. (1997). The ambiguity of play. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Sweeney, D. S., Baggerly, J. N. ve Ray, D. C. (2014). Group play therapy: A dynamic Approach. New York, NY: Routledge.
• Teke, E. (2019). Oyun terapisiyle bütünleştirilmiş grupla psikolojik danışmanın ilkokul öğrencilerinin sosyal kaygı düzeylerine etkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Konya.
• Tyndall-Lind, A., Landreth, G. ve Giordano, M. (2001). Intensive group play therapy with child witnesses of domestic violence. International Journal of Play Therapy, 10(1), 53–83.
• VanFleet,R, Sywulak, A. E. ve Sniscak, C. C. (2010). Child-centered play therapy. New York, The Guilford Press.
• Yıldız, C. (2015). Oyun terapisiyle bütünleştirilmiş grup terapisinin çocukların utangaçlık düzeylerine etkisi (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Beykent Üniversitesi, İstanbul.