DEĞİŞİK YÜK SENARYOLARINDA GEMİ ÇEVRESEL, SOSYAL VE MALİYET ANALİZİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 19 - 36, 13.09.2019

Levent Bilgili

https://doi.org/10.18613/deudfd.614818

Öz

Tek seferde çok büyük yükler taşıma kapasitesine sahip nakliye araçları
olan gemiler, dünya ticaretinin belkemiğidir. Gemiler, dünyadaki toplam
ticaretin % 90 kadarını oluştursa da kullandıkları yakıt ve makineler nedeniyle
büyük miktarda emisyon oluşumuna yol açarlar. Bu çalışmada İskenderun-Şangay
arasında belli bir miktar yükün farklı taşıma kapasitelerine sahip beş adet
gemiyle ayrı ayrı taşındığı varsayılmış ve bu yolculuklar sonucunda oluşan
emisyon miktarları, bu emisyonların sosyal ve yakıt maliyetleri, gemilerin bu
yolculuklardan elde ettikleri gelir ve net kazançlar ile sosyal kayıplar
hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan hesaplamalar sonucunda yükün büyük tek bir gemi
tarafından taşınmasının hem emisyon üretimi hem de maliyet açısından en
mantıklı senaryo olduğu bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre yükün tek
gemiyle taşınması sırasında toplam 8.418,32 t emisyon oluşmakta, bu
emisyonlardan dolayı toplam $ 17.008.992,91 civarında sosyal maliyet oluşacağı
hesaplanmıştır. Aynı yolculuktaki net kazanç yaklaşık olarak $ 3.772.487,68
şeklinde hesaplanmış olup sosyal maliyet de hesaba katıldığında yine en az sosyal
kayıp tek gemiyle yapılan seferde $ 4.977.503,13 olarak bulunmuştur. Son
olarak, en iyi senaryoyu üreten gemi için ile gemi ana makinesinin HFO
kullandığı varsayılarak yakıt türünün MDO olarak değiştirilmesinin maliyeti ve
sosyal kazancı hesaplanmıştır. Bu hesaba göre yakıt değişimi dolayısıyla
üretilen emisyon miktarı 7.897,83 t, sosyal maliyet $ 15.480.435,82 düzeyine
inmiştir. Net kazanç $ 2.883.636,66 olarak hesaplanırken sosyal kayıp ise  $ 3.448.947,04 seviyesine kadar gerilemiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gemi emisyonları, Gemi yük taşıma senaryoları, Emisyon sosyal maliyeti, Gemi maliyet analizi

SHIP ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND COST ANALYSIS FOR VARIOUS LOAD SCENARIOS

Öz

Although ships
constitute up to 90 % of the total trade in the world, they cause a large
amount of emissions due to the fuel and engine systems. In this study, it
was assumed that a certain amount of cargo was transported separately by five
ships with different carrying capacities between Iskenderun and Shanghai. Then,
emission amounts, social and fuel costs of these emissions, net profit of the
ships and social losses were calculated. As a result of the calculations, it
was found that transporting the cargo by a single large ship is the most
logical scenario in terms of both emission production and cost. The results
also show that a total of 8.418,32 t emission is generated during the
transportation of the cargo by the single vessel and it is estimated that the
total social costs will be generated at around $ 17.008.992,91. The net profit
for the same trip was calculated as $ 3.772.487,68, and when the social cost
was taken into consideration, the minimum loss was found to be $ 4.977.503,13. Finally, the cost
and social benefits of fuel switching from HFO to MDO were also calculated.
According to this calculation, the amount of the emissions produced decreased
to 7.897,83 t and to $ 15.480.435,82, respectively. The net profit was
calculated as $ 2.883.636,66 and the social loss decreased to $ 3.448.947,04.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ship emissions, Ship freight transportation scenarios, Emission social cost, Ship cost analysis.

Kaynakça

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