Araştırma Makalesi
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TEKNOLOJİ İÇİN ÇEVRE, ÇEVRE İÇİN TEKNOLOJİ: ENERJİ SEKTÖRÜNDE BLOK ZİNCİRİ UYGULAMALARI

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: ÖZEL SAYI, 267 - 285, 28.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1190387

Öz

2008’de Nakamato’nun blok zincirini ortaya koymasının ardından bu teknolojinin sadece kripto paralarla ilgili olmadığını keşfetmek uzun sürmemiştir. Literatüre bakıldığında blok zinciri ile ilgili çalışmaların hızla arttığı ve farklı alanlara yayıldığı görülmektedir. Bu alanlardan birisi blok zinciri teknolojisinin çevreye olan etkileri üzerinedir. Yaşadığımız yüzyılın öncelikli sorun alanlarından biri olan iklim krizi ve doğal afetlerle başa çıkmanın bir yolu olarak yeni teknolojilerin çevre üzerindeki potansiyel etkilerinin tespiti ve önlem alınması adına konunun değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Blok zinciri devletlerin de yoğun ilgisini çekmiş durumdadır. Otuzdan fazla ülkede blok zinciri konusunda pilot çalışmalar yürütülmektedir. Kamu politikaları açısından ele alındığında devletlerin bu teknolojiye ilgisi konuyu önemli kılmaktadır. Teknoloji baş döndürücü hızla ilerlerken bu ilerlemede çevre faktörünün gözetilmesi sürdürülebilir bir gelecek için zaruridir. Blok zinciri teknolojisinin bu süreçte yüksek enerji tüketimi nedeniyle doğaya zararları eleştirilirken yeşil teknoloji çalışmalarında ele alınmaya başlanması önemli bir evrimdir. Bu doğrultuda literatür ile pratiğin tutarlılığının incelenmesi literatüre katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu amaçla blok zinciri projeleri içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenip bu teknolojinin çevre üzerindeki olumlu-olumsuz etkileri tespit edilmiştir. İçerik analizinden sonra Türkiye’de ilk defa lisanslı elektrik üretiminde Uluslararası Yenilenebilir Enerji Sertifikası (I-REC) ticaretini blok zinciriyle gerçekleştiren Aksa Elektrik’in yetkilisi ve enerji sektöründe blok zinciri tabanlı bir platform olan Foton Enerji’nin kurucusu ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda blok zincir teknolojisinin kanıtlama mekanizmalarındaki gelişmeler sayesinde enerji ihtiyacında azalma olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca blok zinciri alt yapısı kullanılarak geri dönüşüm ve yenilenebilir kaynaklardan enerji üretimi gibi projeler blok zinciri teknolojisine meşruiyet kazandırmaktadır. Aynı zamanda blok zinciri teknolojisi, enerji sektöründe bir pazarlama ayağı oluşturmaktadır.

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Teşekkür

I. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi'ne sunulan bildirinin tam metnidir.

Kaynakça

  • Aithal, S. & Aithal, S. (2016). Opportunities & Challenges for Green Technology in 21st Century. International Journal of Current Research and Modern Education (IJCRME). 1 (1): 818-828.
  • (AB)Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı. (2019). A European Green Deal (europa.eu).
  • Coco, L., Pinna, A. & Marchesi, M. (2017). Banking on blockchain: costs savings thanks to the blockchain technology. Future Internet.
  • Crypto Climate Accord. https://cryptoclimate.org/. (Erişim Tarihi: 22.12.2022)
  • De Vries, A. (2018). Bitcoin’s growing energy problem. Joule. 2(5), 801-805.
  • Dilek, Ş & Furuncu Y. (2019). Bitcoin mining and its environmental effects. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 33(1), 91-105.
  • EPDK, (2021a). https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/2-8181/elektrik-faturalarinda-yesil-isaret. (26.12.2022)
  • EPDK, (2021b). https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/2-9224/yesil-sertifika-piyasasi-geliyor. (26.12.2022)
  • Finck, M. (2018). Blockchains: Regulating the unknown. German Law Journal. 19 (4).
  • Gupta, Y. S., Mukherjee, S., Dutta, R. & Bhattacharya, S. (2021). A blockchain‑based approach using smart contracts to develop a smart waste management system. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.
  • Imbault, F., Swiatek, M., Beaufort, R. & Plana, R. (2017). The green blockchain: Managing decentralized energy production and consumption. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318695399. (26.12.2022)
  • Iravani, A., Akbari, M. H. & Zohoori, M. (2017). Advantages and disadvantages of green technology; goals, challenges and strengths. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications. 6 (9), 272-284.
  • Jiang, X., Lin, G. H., Huang, J. C., Hu, I-H. & Chiu, Y. C. (2021). Performance of sustainable development and technological ınnovation based on green manufacturing technology of artificial ıntelligence and block chain. Hindawi Mathematical Problems in Engineering.
  • Khan, S. A. R,. Shah, A. S. A., Yu, Z. & Tanveer, M. (2021). A systematic literature review on circular economy practices: challenges, opportunities and future trends. JEEE.
  • Khare, V., Khare, C., Nema, S. & Baredar, P. (2021). Renewable energy system paradigm change from trending technology: a review. International Journal of Sustainable Energy. 40:7, 697-718.
  • Li, D. (2021). Green technology innovation path based on blockchain algorithm. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems. 31, 1-8.
  • Miskiewicz, R., Matan, K. & Karnowski, J. (2022). The role of crypto trading in the economy, renewable energy consumption and ecological degradation. Energies, 15, 1-15.
  • Mueller, S. (2017). Green technology and its effect on the modern world. Oulu University of Applied Sciences “Business Information Technology”.
  • Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Manubot.
  • OECD, (1991). Our common future: Report of the world commission on environment and development. (26.12.2022).
  • OECD, (2008). https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/sustainable-development_9789264055742-en.(26.12.2022).
  • Pambudi, A., Purnama, S. & Ayuninggati, T. (2022). Legality on digital document using blockchain technology: an exhaustive study. IEEE.
  • Patil, H., Sharma, S. & Raja, L. (2021). Study of blockchain based smart grid for energy optimization. Materials Today: Proceedings.
  • Recycle-to-coin, (2017). https://positiveblockchain.io/database/recycle-to-coin/ (Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2022).
  • Riyal, A., Kumar, G., Sharma, D. K., Gupta, K. D. & Srivastava, G. (2021). Blockchain tree powered green communication for efficient and sustainable connected autonomous vehicles. IEEE.
  • Social Alpha Foundation (SAF) UN Environment Programme, (2021). Blockchain for sustainable energy and climate in the Global South: Use Cases and Opportunities.
  • Şat, N. (2019). Blokzincir (Blockchain)’in Kamu İdaresine Olası Etkileri Üzerine. Amme İdaresi Dergisi. 52(4): 117-147.
  • Sharma, P. K., Kumar, N. & Park, J. H. (2020). Blockchain technology toward green IoT: Opportunities and challenges. IEEE Network. 263-269.
  • Tanrıverdi, M., Uysal, M. ve Üstündağ, M.T. (2019). Blokzinciri teknolojisi nedir? ne değildir?: alanyazın incelemesi. Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi. 12 (3), 203-217.
  • Ticaret Bakanlığı, Yeşil Mutabakat Eylem Planı (2021). https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/60f1200013b876eb28421b23/MUTABAKAT%20YE%C5%9E%C4%B0L.pdf. (26.12.2022).
  • Xu, X., Zhang, M., Dou, G. & Yu, Y. (2021). Coordination of a supply chain with an online platform considering green technology in the blockchain era, International Journal of Production Research, DOI: 10.1080/00207543.2021.1894367.
  • Xu, J. & Duan, Y. (2022). Pricing and greenness investment for green products with government subsidies: When to apply blockchain technology? Electronic Commerce Research and Applications.
  • Wu, J. & Tran, N. K. (2018). Application of blockchain technology in sustainable energy systems: an overview. Sustainability.10, 1-22.

ENVIRONMENT FOR TECHNOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY FOR THE ENVIRONMENT: BLOCKCHAIN PRACTICES IN THE ENERGY INDUSTRY

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: ÖZEL SAYI, 267 - 285, 28.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1190387

Öz

After Nakamato revealed the blockchain in 2008, it didn’t take long to discover that this technology is not just about cryptocurrencies. When we look at the literature, it is seen that the studies on the blockchain have increased rapidly and spread to different areas. One of these areas is on the effects of blockchain technology on the environment. The issue should be evaluated in order to determine the potential effects of new technologies on the environment and take precautions as a way of coping with the climate crisis and natural disasters, which is one of the priority problem areas of the century we live in. Blockchain has also attracted the attention of governments. Pilot studies on blockchain are carried out in more than thirty countries. From public policy perspective, the state’s interest in this technology makes the subject important. While technology is advancing at a dizzying pace, it is essential for a sustainable future to consider the environmental impact in this progress. It is an important evolution that blockchain technology is being discussed in green technology studies while being criticized for its high energy consumption in this process. In this context, examining the consistency of literature and practice will contribute to the literature. For this purpose, blockchain projects were examined by a content analysis method and the positive and negative effects of this technology on the environment were determined. After the content analysis, a semi-structured interview was held with the Aksa Electricity official, who traded the International Renewable Energy Certificate (I-REC) in licensed electricity generation for the first time in Turkey with the blockchain, and the founder of Foton Energy, a blockchain-based platform in the energy sector. As a result of the research, it has been seen that there is a decrease in energy need thanks to the developments in the consensus mechanisms of the blockchain technology. In addition, projects such as recycling and energy generation from renewable sources by using blockchain infrastructure give legitimacy to blockchain technology. At the same time, blockchain technology creates a marketing pillar in the energy sector.

Kaynakça

  • Aithal, S. & Aithal, S. (2016). Opportunities & Challenges for Green Technology in 21st Century. International Journal of Current Research and Modern Education (IJCRME). 1 (1): 818-828.
  • (AB)Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı. (2019). A European Green Deal (europa.eu).
  • Coco, L., Pinna, A. & Marchesi, M. (2017). Banking on blockchain: costs savings thanks to the blockchain technology. Future Internet.
  • Crypto Climate Accord. https://cryptoclimate.org/. (Erişim Tarihi: 22.12.2022)
  • De Vries, A. (2018). Bitcoin’s growing energy problem. Joule. 2(5), 801-805.
  • Dilek, Ş & Furuncu Y. (2019). Bitcoin mining and its environmental effects. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 33(1), 91-105.
  • EPDK, (2021a). https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/2-8181/elektrik-faturalarinda-yesil-isaret. (26.12.2022)
  • EPDK, (2021b). https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/2-9224/yesil-sertifika-piyasasi-geliyor. (26.12.2022)
  • Finck, M. (2018). Blockchains: Regulating the unknown. German Law Journal. 19 (4).
  • Gupta, Y. S., Mukherjee, S., Dutta, R. & Bhattacharya, S. (2021). A blockchain‑based approach using smart contracts to develop a smart waste management system. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.
  • Imbault, F., Swiatek, M., Beaufort, R. & Plana, R. (2017). The green blockchain: Managing decentralized energy production and consumption. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318695399. (26.12.2022)
  • Iravani, A., Akbari, M. H. & Zohoori, M. (2017). Advantages and disadvantages of green technology; goals, challenges and strengths. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications. 6 (9), 272-284.
  • Jiang, X., Lin, G. H., Huang, J. C., Hu, I-H. & Chiu, Y. C. (2021). Performance of sustainable development and technological ınnovation based on green manufacturing technology of artificial ıntelligence and block chain. Hindawi Mathematical Problems in Engineering.
  • Khan, S. A. R,. Shah, A. S. A., Yu, Z. & Tanveer, M. (2021). A systematic literature review on circular economy practices: challenges, opportunities and future trends. JEEE.
  • Khare, V., Khare, C., Nema, S. & Baredar, P. (2021). Renewable energy system paradigm change from trending technology: a review. International Journal of Sustainable Energy. 40:7, 697-718.
  • Li, D. (2021). Green technology innovation path based on blockchain algorithm. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems. 31, 1-8.
  • Miskiewicz, R., Matan, K. & Karnowski, J. (2022). The role of crypto trading in the economy, renewable energy consumption and ecological degradation. Energies, 15, 1-15.
  • Mueller, S. (2017). Green technology and its effect on the modern world. Oulu University of Applied Sciences “Business Information Technology”.
  • Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Manubot.
  • OECD, (1991). Our common future: Report of the world commission on environment and development. (26.12.2022).
  • OECD, (2008). https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/sustainable-development_9789264055742-en.(26.12.2022).
  • Pambudi, A., Purnama, S. & Ayuninggati, T. (2022). Legality on digital document using blockchain technology: an exhaustive study. IEEE.
  • Patil, H., Sharma, S. & Raja, L. (2021). Study of blockchain based smart grid for energy optimization. Materials Today: Proceedings.
  • Recycle-to-coin, (2017). https://positiveblockchain.io/database/recycle-to-coin/ (Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2022).
  • Riyal, A., Kumar, G., Sharma, D. K., Gupta, K. D. & Srivastava, G. (2021). Blockchain tree powered green communication for efficient and sustainable connected autonomous vehicles. IEEE.
  • Social Alpha Foundation (SAF) UN Environment Programme, (2021). Blockchain for sustainable energy and climate in the Global South: Use Cases and Opportunities.
  • Şat, N. (2019). Blokzincir (Blockchain)’in Kamu İdaresine Olası Etkileri Üzerine. Amme İdaresi Dergisi. 52(4): 117-147.
  • Sharma, P. K., Kumar, N. & Park, J. H. (2020). Blockchain technology toward green IoT: Opportunities and challenges. IEEE Network. 263-269.
  • Tanrıverdi, M., Uysal, M. ve Üstündağ, M.T. (2019). Blokzinciri teknolojisi nedir? ne değildir?: alanyazın incelemesi. Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi. 12 (3), 203-217.
  • Ticaret Bakanlığı, Yeşil Mutabakat Eylem Planı (2021). https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/60f1200013b876eb28421b23/MUTABAKAT%20YE%C5%9E%C4%B0L.pdf. (26.12.2022).
  • Xu, X., Zhang, M., Dou, G. & Yu, Y. (2021). Coordination of a supply chain with an online platform considering green technology in the blockchain era, International Journal of Production Research, DOI: 10.1080/00207543.2021.1894367.
  • Xu, J. & Duan, Y. (2022). Pricing and greenness investment for green products with government subsidies: When to apply blockchain technology? Electronic Commerce Research and Applications.
  • Wu, J. & Tran, N. K. (2018). Application of blockchain technology in sustainable energy systems: an overview. Sustainability.10, 1-22.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Derya Aktaş 0000-0003-1985-536X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 24 Sayı: ÖZEL SAYI

Kaynak Göster

APA Aktaş, D. (2022). TEKNOLOJİ İÇİN ÇEVRE, ÇEVRE İÇİN TEKNOLOJİ: ENERJİ SEKTÖRÜNDE BLOK ZİNCİRİ UYGULAMALARI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(ÖZEL SAYI), 267-285. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1190387

Cited By

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https://doi.org/10.57085/ufebud.1489182