Adverse Effects Of Childhood Cancer On The Oral And Dental Tissues Of Children

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 76 - 82, 29.12.2019

Solmaz Mobaraki , Aysun Avşar

Öz

Increasing survival rates in childhood cancers is causing both short term and long term side effects. Intense chemothearpy and radiothearpy treatments that are given before hemopoetic stem cell transplantion in early ages are especially resulting most serious complications. In addition to direct sitotoxic effect on oral mucose membrane, the complications from cancer type and the suppression of the immune system by the applied treatment are causing serious changes in oral and dental tissue. Viral and fungal infections in oral cavity, reduction in saliva buffering capacity and flow rate and increased caries prevalence resulting the patient to feel pain thus disrupting quality of life. Dental agenezis, root malformation, developmental enamel defects, tooth development, caries are diagnosed as late term side effects. The rule of thumb in preventing oral and dental side effects that might appear during antineoplastic treatment is to protect the patient from getting an infection before the treatment begins. To eliminate both odontogenic and non-odontojenic infection sources, a comprehensive oral and dental evaluation must be done .In this review together with current studies, it is intended to share knowledge and essential prevention techniques about the early and late term side effects of childhood cancers on oral and dental tissue while increasing the quality of life of the patient and their treatment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Childhood cancer, oral-dental tissue, early-late adverse effects

Çocukluk Çağı Kanser Tedavisinin Oral ve Dental Dokular Üzerine Erken ve Geç Dönem Etkileri

Öz

Çocukluk çağı kanserlerinde sağ kalım oranının artması, kısa ve uzun dönemde görülen yan etkilerin artışına neden olmaktadır. Özellikle erken yaşlarda hemopoetik kök hücre naklinden önce yapılan yoğun kemoterapi ve radyoterapi uygulamaları en ciddi komplikasyonları ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Oral mukoz membrana direk sitotoksik etkisinin yanı sıra, hastalıktan kaynaklı komplikasyonlar ve uygulanan tedavinin bağışıklık sistemini baskılayıcı etkisi, oral ve dental dokularda ciddi değişiklikler meydana getirmektedir. Oral kavitede görülen viral ve fungal enfeksiyonlar, tükürük tamponlama kapasitesinde ve akış hızındaki azalma, artmış çürük riski tedavi protokolünün aksamasına yol açabildiği gibi, çocuğun ağrı duymasına sebep olduğu için yaşam kalitesini de bozmaktadır. Diş agenezisi, gelişimsel mine defektleri, diş gelişim bozuklukları, kök amomalileri, diş çürüğü geç dönemde ortaya çıkan yan etkiler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Antineoplastik tedavi süresince ortaya çıkacak oral ve dental yan etkilerin önlenmesinde ilk kural, tedavi öncesinde çocuğun enfeksiyondan korunmasıdır. Bu amaçla hem odontojenik hem non-odontojenik enfeksiyon kaynaklarını elimine etmek için kapsamlı bir oral ve dental değerlendirme yapılmalıdır. Tüm bu değerlendirme sırasında medikal ve dental ekip yakın iletişimde olmalıdır. Bu derleme ile güncel çalışmalar eşliğinde çocukluk çağı kanserlerinin oral ve dental dokular üzerine erken ve geç dönem yan etkilerinin tanımlanması ve bu yan etkilerin çocuğun tedavisini ve yaşam kalitesini azaltmasını önlemek için alınacak temel önlemler hakkında bilgi paylaşımımız amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocukluk çağı kanserleri, oral-dental dokular, erken-geç dönem etki

Kaynakça

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