Minimally Invasive Caries Removal Methods in Dentistry

Özge Bektaş

Derleme

Minimally Invasive Caries Removal Methods in Dentistry

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3 - Dental and Medical Journal - Review, 22 - 34, 31.10.2023

Özge Bektaş

Öz

The aim of a successful restorative treatment is to remove the dental caries and to regain the function by restoring the cavity with appropriate dental materials. While removing the caries, it is aimed to clean the demineralized soft infected tissue and protect the tissue that can be remineralized and the pulp-dentin complex. The current minimally invasive approach to cavity preparation and innovations in the production of adhesive materials have provided the development of new methods for caries removal. Especially in pediatric dentistry, painless interventions without the need for local anesthesia create comfort and confidence during treatment. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the literature on alternative caries removal methods.

Anahtar Kelimeler

dental caries, minimally invasive approaches, dentistry

Kaynakça

1. Fusayama T. Two layers of carious dentin; diagnosis and treatment. Oper Dent. 1979; 4:63-70.
2. Kuboki Y, Ohgushi K, Fusayama T. Collagen biochemistry of the two layers of carious dentin. J Dent Res. 1977;56(10):1233–7.
3. Ganesh M, Parikh D. Chemomechanical caries removal ( CMCR ) agents : review and clinical application in primary teeth. J Dent Oral Hyg. 2011;3(March):34–45.
4. Albrektsson T, Bratthall D, Glantz P-O, Lindhe J. Tissue preservation in caries treatment. London: Quintessence, 2001: 118– 120, 159.
5. Peters MC, McLean ME. Minimally invasive operative care. II. Contemporary techniques and materials: an overview. J Adhes Dent. 2001;3(1):17–31.
6. Banerjee A, Watson TF, Kidd EAM. Dentine caries excavation: a review of current clinical techniques. Br Dent J. 2000;188(9):476–82.
7. Bayne S., Thompson, J.Y., Studervant C.M., Taylor DF. Instruments and equipment for tooth preparation. Sturdevant’s art and science of operative dentistry. 2006: 307-344.
8. Yip HK, Samaranayake LP. Caries removal techniques and instrumentation: a review. Clin Oral Investig. 1998;2(4):148–54.
9. Fsayama, T.. Clinical guide for removing caries using a caries-detecting solution. Quintessence international. 1988:19(6), 397–401.
10. Epstein S. Analysis of airbrasive procedures in dental practice. J Am Dent Assoc. 1951;43(5):578–82.
11. Hamilton JC, Dennison JB, Stoffers KW, Gregory WA, Welch KB. Early treatment of incipient carious lesions: a two-year clinical evaluation. J Am Dent Assoc. 2002;133(12):1643–51.
12. Goldstein RE, Parkins FM. Air-abrasive technology: its new role in restorative dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc. 1994;125(5):551–7.
13. Banerjee A, Kidd EAM, Watson TF. Scanning electron microscopic observations of human dentine after mechanical caries excavation. J Dent. 2000;28(3):179–86.
14. Horiguchi S., Yamada T., Inokoshi S. Selective caries removal with air abrasion. Oper Dent, 1998;23:236-243.
15. Boyde, A. Airpolishing effects on enamel, dentine, cement and bone. British dental journal, 1984;156(8):287-291.
16. Newman PS., Silverwood RA. DA. The effects of an air abrasive instrument on dental hard tissue, skin and oral mucosa. Br. Dent. J. 1985;159:9-12.
17. Gerbo LR, Barnes CM, Leinfelder KF. Applications of the air-powder polisher in clinical orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1993;103(1):71–3.
18. Opdam, N.J, Roeters, J.J, Van Berghem, E., Eijsvogels, E., Bronkhorst E. Microleakage and damage to adjacent teeth when finishing Class II adhesive preparations using either a sonic device or bur. Am J Dent. 2002;15(5):317-320.
19. Duangthip D, Chen KJ, Gao SS, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Managing early childhood caries with atraumatic restorative treatment and topical silver and fluoride agents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(10):1–13.
20. Frencken JE, Leal SC, Navarro MF. Twenty-five-year atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach: a comprehensive overview. Clin Oral Investig. 2012;16(5):1337–46.
21. Tyas MJ, Anusavice KJ, Frencken JE, Mount GJ. Minimal intervention dentistry - a review. Int Dent J. 2000;50(1):1–12.
22. Hahn C Lo, Best AM, Tew JG. Cytokine induction by Streptococcus mutans and pulpal pathogenesis. Infect Immun. 2000;68(12):6785–9.
23. Brannstrbm M. The cause of postrestorative sensitivity and its prevention. J Endod. 1986;12(10):475–81.
24. Yan IG, Zheng FM, Gao SS, Duangthip D, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Ion concentration of silver diamine fluoride solutions. Int Dent J. 2022;72(6):779-84.
25. Yan IG, Zheng FM, Gao SS, Duangthip D, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Fluoride delivered via a topical application of 38% SDF and 5% NaF. Int Dent J. 2022;72(6):773-78.
26. Punyanirun K, Yospiboonwong T, Kunapinun T, Thanyasrisung P, Trairatvorakul C. Silver diamine fluoride remineralized artificial incipient caries in permanent teeth after bacterial pH-cycling in-vitro. J Dent. 2018;69:55–9.
27. Gao SS, Zhao IS, Hiraishi N, Duangthip D, Mei ML, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Clinical trials of silver diamine fluoride in arresting caries among children: a systematic review. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2016;1(3):201-10.
28. Yamaga R, Yokomizo I. Arrestment of caries of deciduous teeth with diamine silver fluoride. Dent Outlook. 1969;33:1007-13.
29. Yamaga R, Nishino M, Yoshida S, Yokomizo I. Diammine silver fluoride and its clinical application. J Osaka Univ Dent Sch. 1972;12:1-20.
30. Chibinski AC, Wambier LM, Feltrin J, at al. Silver diamine fluoride has efficacy in controlling caries progression in primary teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Caries Res. 2017;51(5):527-41.
31. Zohra J, Vishnupriya V, Nighi A, Iffat N. Silver diamine fluoride-a potent caries arresting and preventing agent. Int J Pharm Res. 2021;13(02):313-20.
32. Uçar Z., Akyıldız B. M. Çocuk diş hekimliğinde gümüş diamin florür kullanımı. Selcuk Dental Journal. 2022;9(2):652-61.
33. Roberts A, Bradley J, Merkley S, Pachal T, Gopal J V., Sharma D. Does potassium iodide application following silver diamine fluoride reduce staining of tooth? a systematic review. Aust Dent J. 2020;65(2):109–17.
34. Peric T, Markovic D, Petrovic B. Clinical evaluation of a chemomechanical method for caries removal in children and adolescents. Acta Odontol Scand. 2009;67(5):277–83.
35. Kisbet S, Olmez A. Kemomekanik çürük kaldirma yöntemlerinde güncel yaklaşimlar. Cumhur Dent J. 2012;15(4):364–72.
36. Schutzbank SG, Marchwinski M, Kronman JH, Goldman M, Clark RE. In vitro study of the effect of GK-101 on the removal of carious material. J Dent Res. 1975;54(4):907.
37. Goldman M, Kronman JH. A preliminary report on a chemomechanical means of removing caries. J Am Dent Assoc. 1976;93(6):1149–53.
38. Schutzrank SG, Galaini J, Kronman JH, Goldman M, Clark RE. A comparative in vitro study of GK-101 and GK-101E in caries removal. J Dent Res. 1978;57(9):861–4.
39. Beeley JA, Yip HK, Stevenson AG. Chemo-mechanical caries removal: a review of the techniques and latest developments. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd. 2001;108(7):277–81.
40. McInnes-Ledoux P, Ledoux WR, Weinberg R. Bond strength of dentinal bonding agents to chemomechanically prepared dentin. Dent Mater. 1987;3(6):331–6.
41. Bussadori SK, Castro LC, Galvão AC. Papain gel: a new chemo-mechanical caries removal agent. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2005;30(2):115–9.
42. Hamama H, Yiu C, Burrow M. Current update of chemomechanical caries removal methods. Aust Dent J. 2014;59(4):446–56.
43. Mollica FB, Torres CRG, Gonçalves SE de P, Mancini MNG. Dentine microhardness after different methods for detection and removal of carious dentine tissue. J Appl Oral Sci. 2012;20(4):449–54.
44. Venkataraghavan K, Kush A, Lakshminarayana C, Diwakar L, Ravikumar P, Patil S, et al. Chemomechanical caries removal: a review & study of an indigen-ously developed agent (Carie Care (TM) Gel) in children. J Int Oral Health . 2013;5(4):84–90.
45. Yun J, Shim Y-S, Park S-Y, An S-Y. New treatment method for pain and reduction of local anesthesia use in deep caries. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2018;18(5):277.
46. Banerjee A, Kellow S, Mannocci F, Cook RJ, Watson TF. An in vitro evaluation of microtensile bond strengths of two adhesive bonding agents to residual dentine after caries removal using three excavation techniques. J Dent. 2010;38(6):480–9.
47. Clementino-Luedemann TN, Ilie ADN, Hickel R, Kunzelmann KH. Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of a new enzyme solution for caries removal in deciduous teeth. Dent Mater J. 2006;25(4):675–83.
48. Neves A de A, Coutinho E, Vivan Cardoso M, Jaecques S V., Van Meerbeek B. Micro-CT based quantitative evaluation of caries excavation. Dent Mater. 2010;26(6):579–88.
49. Ismail MM, Haidar AH. Impact of Brix 3000 and conventional restorative treatment on pain reaction during caries removal among group of children in Baghdad city. J Baghdad Coll Dent. 2019;31(2):7–13.
50. Felizardo KR, Barradas NP de A, Guedes GF, Ferreira FDCA, Lopes MB. Use of BRIX-3000 enzymatic gel in mechanical chemical removal of caries: clinical case report. J Health Sci 2018;20(2):87-93.
51. Cozean C, Arcoria CJ, Pelagalli J, Lynn Powell G. Dentistry for the 21st century? Erbium:Yag laser for teeth. J Am Dent Assoc. 1997;128(8):1080–7.
52. Keller U., Hibst R. Effects of Er:YAG laser in caries treatment: a clinical pilot study. Lasers Surg Med, 1997;20:32-38.
53. Coluzzi DJ. Fundamentals of dental laser science and instruments. Dental Clinics, 48(4), 751-770.
54. Moritz A. Cavity Preparation in oral laser application. Quintessenz, Berlin 2006: 75- 81.
55. Soğur E., Dündar N. Dişhekimliğinde lazer. Akademik Dental Dişhekimliği Dergisi. 2005;27:6-13.
56. Innes NPT, Frencken JE, Bjørndal L, Maltz M, Manton DJ, Ricketts D, Schwendicke F. Managing carious lesions: consensus recommendations on terminology. Adv. Dent. Res. 2016;28(2):49-57.
57. Laird WRE, Walmsley AD. Ultrasound in dentistry. Part 1—biophysical interactions. J Dent. 1991;19(1):14-7.
58. Chen YL, Chang HH, Chiang YC, Lin CP. Application and development of ultrasonics in dentistry. J Formos Med Assoc. 2013;112(11):659-65.
59. Plotino G, Pameijer CH, Grande NM, Somma F. Ultrasonics in endodontics: a review of the literature. J Endod. 2007;33(2):81-95.
60. Oman CR, Applebaum E. Ultrasonic cavity preparation II. progress report. J Am Dent Assoc. 1955;50(4):414-17.
61. Van der Sluis LWM, Versluis M, Wu MK, Wesselink PR. Passive ultrasonic irrigation of the root canal: a review of the literature. Int Endod J. 2007;40(6):415-26.
62. Jinks GM. Fluoride-impregnated cements and their effect on the activity of interproximal caries. J Dent Child. 1963;30:87–91.
63. Wiegand A, Attin T. Treatment of proximal caries lesions by tunnel restorations. Dent Mater. 2007;23(12):1461–7.
64. Papa J, Wilson PR, Tyas MJ. Tunnel restorations: a review. J Esthet Dent. 1992;4:4–9.
65. Ratledge DK, Kidd EAM, Treasure ET. The tunnel restoration. Br Dent J. 2002;193(9):501–6.
66. Knight GM. The use of adhesive materials in the conservative restoration of selected posterior teeth. Aust Dent J. 1984;29(5):324–31.

Diş Hekimliğinde Minimal Girişimsel Çürük Temizleme Yöntemleri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3 - Dental and Medical Journal - Review, 22 - 34, 31.10.2023

Özge Bektaş

Öz

Başarılı bir restoratif tedavi; diş çürüğünü uzaklaştırılarak kavitenin uygun materyallerle sızdırmaz bir şekilde restore edilerek fonksiyonunun yeniden sağlanmasıdır. Diş çürüğünün uzaklaştırılmasında; demineralize yumuşak enfekte dokunun temizlenerek remineralize olabilecek dokunun ve pulpa-dentin kompleksinin korunması amaçlanır. Güncel minimal girişimsel kavite hazırlama yaklaşımı ve adesiv materyallerin üretimindeki yenilikler çürüğün kaldırılmasında yeni yöntemlerin gelişmesini sağlamıştır. Özellikle çocuk diş hekimliğinde lokal anesteziye ihtiyaç duyulmadan yapılan ağrısız müdahaleler tedavi sırasında konfor ve güven oluşturmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı alternatif çürük kaldırma yöntemleri ile ilgili literatür değerlendirmesi yapmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

diş çürüğü, minimal girişimsel yaklaşımlar, diş hekimliği

Kaynakça

1. Fusayama T. Two layers of carious dentin; diagnosis and treatment. Oper Dent. 1979; 4:63-70.
2. Kuboki Y, Ohgushi K, Fusayama T. Collagen biochemistry of the two layers of carious dentin. J Dent Res. 1977;56(10):1233–7.
3. Ganesh M, Parikh D. Chemomechanical caries removal ( CMCR ) agents : review and clinical application in primary teeth. J Dent Oral Hyg. 2011;3(March):34–45.
4. Albrektsson T, Bratthall D, Glantz P-O, Lindhe J. Tissue preservation in caries treatment. London: Quintessence, 2001: 118– 120, 159.
5. Peters MC, McLean ME. Minimally invasive operative care. II. Contemporary techniques and materials: an overview. J Adhes Dent. 2001;3(1):17–31.
6. Banerjee A, Watson TF, Kidd EAM. Dentine caries excavation: a review of current clinical techniques. Br Dent J. 2000;188(9):476–82.
7. Bayne S., Thompson, J.Y., Studervant C.M., Taylor DF. Instruments and equipment for tooth preparation. Sturdevant’s art and science of operative dentistry. 2006: 307-344.
8. Yip HK, Samaranayake LP. Caries removal techniques and instrumentation: a review. Clin Oral Investig. 1998;2(4):148–54.
9. Fsayama, T.. Clinical guide for removing caries using a caries-detecting solution. Quintessence international. 1988:19(6), 397–401.
10. Epstein S. Analysis of airbrasive procedures in dental practice. J Am Dent Assoc. 1951;43(5):578–82.
11. Hamilton JC, Dennison JB, Stoffers KW, Gregory WA, Welch KB. Early treatment of incipient carious lesions: a two-year clinical evaluation. J Am Dent Assoc. 2002;133(12):1643–51.
12. Goldstein RE, Parkins FM. Air-abrasive technology: its new role in restorative dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc. 1994;125(5):551–7.
13. Banerjee A, Kidd EAM, Watson TF. Scanning electron microscopic observations of human dentine after mechanical caries excavation. J Dent. 2000;28(3):179–86.
14. Horiguchi S., Yamada T., Inokoshi S. Selective caries removal with air abrasion. Oper Dent, 1998;23:236-243.
15. Boyde, A. Airpolishing effects on enamel, dentine, cement and bone. British dental journal, 1984;156(8):287-291.
16. Newman PS., Silverwood RA. DA. The effects of an air abrasive instrument on dental hard tissue, skin and oral mucosa. Br. Dent. J. 1985;159:9-12.
17. Gerbo LR, Barnes CM, Leinfelder KF. Applications of the air-powder polisher in clinical orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1993;103(1):71–3.
18. Opdam, N.J, Roeters, J.J, Van Berghem, E., Eijsvogels, E., Bronkhorst E. Microleakage and damage to adjacent teeth when finishing Class II adhesive preparations using either a sonic device or bur. Am J Dent. 2002;15(5):317-320.
19. Duangthip D, Chen KJ, Gao SS, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Managing early childhood caries with atraumatic restorative treatment and topical silver and fluoride agents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(10):1–13.
20. Frencken JE, Leal SC, Navarro MF. Twenty-five-year atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach: a comprehensive overview. Clin Oral Investig. 2012;16(5):1337–46.
21. Tyas MJ, Anusavice KJ, Frencken JE, Mount GJ. Minimal intervention dentistry - a review. Int Dent J. 2000;50(1):1–12.
22. Hahn C Lo, Best AM, Tew JG. Cytokine induction by Streptococcus mutans and pulpal pathogenesis. Infect Immun. 2000;68(12):6785–9.
23. Brannstrbm M. The cause of postrestorative sensitivity and its prevention. J Endod. 1986;12(10):475–81.
24. Yan IG, Zheng FM, Gao SS, Duangthip D, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Ion concentration of silver diamine fluoride solutions. Int Dent J. 2022;72(6):779-84.
25. Yan IG, Zheng FM, Gao SS, Duangthip D, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Fluoride delivered via a topical application of 38% SDF and 5% NaF. Int Dent J. 2022;72(6):773-78.
26. Punyanirun K, Yospiboonwong T, Kunapinun T, Thanyasrisung P, Trairatvorakul C. Silver diamine fluoride remineralized artificial incipient caries in permanent teeth after bacterial pH-cycling in-vitro. J Dent. 2018;69:55–9.
27. Gao SS, Zhao IS, Hiraishi N, Duangthip D, Mei ML, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Clinical trials of silver diamine fluoride in arresting caries among children: a systematic review. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2016;1(3):201-10.
28. Yamaga R, Yokomizo I. Arrestment of caries of deciduous teeth with diamine silver fluoride. Dent Outlook. 1969;33:1007-13.
29. Yamaga R, Nishino M, Yoshida S, Yokomizo I. Diammine silver fluoride and its clinical application. J Osaka Univ Dent Sch. 1972;12:1-20.
30. Chibinski AC, Wambier LM, Feltrin J, at al. Silver diamine fluoride has efficacy in controlling caries progression in primary teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Caries Res. 2017;51(5):527-41.
31. Zohra J, Vishnupriya V, Nighi A, Iffat N. Silver diamine fluoride-a potent caries arresting and preventing agent. Int J Pharm Res. 2021;13(02):313-20.
32. Uçar Z., Akyıldız B. M. Çocuk diş hekimliğinde gümüş diamin florür kullanımı. Selcuk Dental Journal. 2022;9(2):652-61.
33. Roberts A, Bradley J, Merkley S, Pachal T, Gopal J V., Sharma D. Does potassium iodide application following silver diamine fluoride reduce staining of tooth? a systematic review. Aust Dent J. 2020;65(2):109–17.
34. Peric T, Markovic D, Petrovic B. Clinical evaluation of a chemomechanical method for caries removal in children and adolescents. Acta Odontol Scand. 2009;67(5):277–83.
35. Kisbet S, Olmez A. Kemomekanik çürük kaldirma yöntemlerinde güncel yaklaşimlar. Cumhur Dent J. 2012;15(4):364–72.
36. Schutzbank SG, Marchwinski M, Kronman JH, Goldman M, Clark RE. In vitro study of the effect of GK-101 on the removal of carious material. J Dent Res. 1975;54(4):907.
37. Goldman M, Kronman JH. A preliminary report on a chemomechanical means of removing caries. J Am Dent Assoc. 1976;93(6):1149–53.
38. Schutzrank SG, Galaini J, Kronman JH, Goldman M, Clark RE. A comparative in vitro study of GK-101 and GK-101E in caries removal. J Dent Res. 1978;57(9):861–4.
39. Beeley JA, Yip HK, Stevenson AG. Chemo-mechanical caries removal: a review of the techniques and latest developments. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd. 2001;108(7):277–81.
40. McInnes-Ledoux P, Ledoux WR, Weinberg R. Bond strength of dentinal bonding agents to chemomechanically prepared dentin. Dent Mater. 1987;3(6):331–6.
41. Bussadori SK, Castro LC, Galvão AC. Papain gel: a new chemo-mechanical caries removal agent. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2005;30(2):115–9.
42. Hamama H, Yiu C, Burrow M. Current update of chemomechanical caries removal methods. Aust Dent J. 2014;59(4):446–56.
43. Mollica FB, Torres CRG, Gonçalves SE de P, Mancini MNG. Dentine microhardness after different methods for detection and removal of carious dentine tissue. J Appl Oral Sci. 2012;20(4):449–54.
44. Venkataraghavan K, Kush A, Lakshminarayana C, Diwakar L, Ravikumar P, Patil S, et al. Chemomechanical caries removal: a review & study of an indigen-ously developed agent (Carie Care (TM) Gel) in children. J Int Oral Health . 2013;5(4):84–90.
45. Yun J, Shim Y-S, Park S-Y, An S-Y. New treatment method for pain and reduction of local anesthesia use in deep caries. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2018;18(5):277.
46. Banerjee A, Kellow S, Mannocci F, Cook RJ, Watson TF. An in vitro evaluation of microtensile bond strengths of two adhesive bonding agents to residual dentine after caries removal using three excavation techniques. J Dent. 2010;38(6):480–9.
47. Clementino-Luedemann TN, Ilie ADN, Hickel R, Kunzelmann KH. Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of a new enzyme solution for caries removal in deciduous teeth. Dent Mater J. 2006;25(4):675–83.
48. Neves A de A, Coutinho E, Vivan Cardoso M, Jaecques S V., Van Meerbeek B. Micro-CT based quantitative evaluation of caries excavation. Dent Mater. 2010;26(6):579–88.
49. Ismail MM, Haidar AH. Impact of Brix 3000 and conventional restorative treatment on pain reaction during caries removal among group of children in Baghdad city. J Baghdad Coll Dent. 2019;31(2):7–13.
50. Felizardo KR, Barradas NP de A, Guedes GF, Ferreira FDCA, Lopes MB. Use of BRIX-3000 enzymatic gel in mechanical chemical removal of caries: clinical case report. J Health Sci 2018;20(2):87-93.
51. Cozean C, Arcoria CJ, Pelagalli J, Lynn Powell G. Dentistry for the 21st century? Erbium:Yag laser for teeth. J Am Dent Assoc. 1997;128(8):1080–7.
52. Keller U., Hibst R. Effects of Er:YAG laser in caries treatment: a clinical pilot study. Lasers Surg Med, 1997;20:32-38.
53. Coluzzi DJ. Fundamentals of dental laser science and instruments. Dental Clinics, 48(4), 751-770.
54. Moritz A. Cavity Preparation in oral laser application. Quintessenz, Berlin 2006: 75- 81.
55. Soğur E., Dündar N. Dişhekimliğinde lazer. Akademik Dental Dişhekimliği Dergisi. 2005;27:6-13.
56. Innes NPT, Frencken JE, Bjørndal L, Maltz M, Manton DJ, Ricketts D, Schwendicke F. Managing carious lesions: consensus recommendations on terminology. Adv. Dent. Res. 2016;28(2):49-57.
57. Laird WRE, Walmsley AD. Ultrasound in dentistry. Part 1—biophysical interactions. J Dent. 1991;19(1):14-7.
58. Chen YL, Chang HH, Chiang YC, Lin CP. Application and development of ultrasonics in dentistry. J Formos Med Assoc. 2013;112(11):659-65.
59. Plotino G, Pameijer CH, Grande NM, Somma F. Ultrasonics in endodontics: a review of the literature. J Endod. 2007;33(2):81-95.
60. Oman CR, Applebaum E. Ultrasonic cavity preparation II. progress report. J Am Dent Assoc. 1955;50(4):414-17.
61. Van der Sluis LWM, Versluis M, Wu MK, Wesselink PR. Passive ultrasonic irrigation of the root canal: a review of the literature. Int Endod J. 2007;40(6):415-26.
62. Jinks GM. Fluoride-impregnated cements and their effect on the activity of interproximal caries. J Dent Child. 1963;30:87–91.
63. Wiegand A, Attin T. Treatment of proximal caries lesions by tunnel restorations. Dent Mater. 2007;23(12):1461–7.
64. Papa J, Wilson PR, Tyas MJ. Tunnel restorations: a review. J Esthet Dent. 1992;4:4–9.
65. Ratledge DK, Kidd EAM, Treasure ET. The tunnel restoration. Br Dent J. 2002;193(9):501–6.
66. Knight GM. The use of adhesive materials in the conservative restoration of selected posterior teeth. Aust Dent J. 1984;29(5):324–31.

Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Diş Hekimliği
Bölüm	Restorative Dentistry
Yazarlar	Özge Bektaş 0000-0002-6157-2534
Yayımlanma Tarihi	31 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi	1 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3 - Dental and Medical Journal - Review

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver	Bektaş Ö. Minimally Invasive Caries Removal Methods in Dentistry. Dent & Med J - R. 2023;5(3):22-34.

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Tam Metin

"Dünyada herşey için, medeniyet için, hayat için, başarı için en gerçek yol gösterici ilimdir, fendir. İlim ve fennin dışında yol gösterici aramak gaflettir, cahilliktir, doğru yoldan sapmaktır. Yalnız ilmin ve fenin yaşadığımız her dakikadaki safhalarının gelişimini anlamak ve ilerlemeleri zamanında takip etmek şarttır. Bin, iki bin, binlerce yıl önceki ilim ve fen lisanının koyduğu kuralları, şu kadar bin yıl sonra bugün aynen uygulamaya kalkışmak elbette ilim ve fennin içinde bulunmak değildir."

M. Kemal ATATÜRK