INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY RANKING INDEXES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND UNIVERSITIES IN TURKEY
Yıl 2022,
, 331 - 349, 28.01.2022
Pınar Bal
,
Melek Özlem Ayas
,
Tuba Bozaykut Bük
,
Burcu Yavuz Tiftikçigil
,
Mine Afacan Fındıklı
Öz
At the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development held in New York in 2015, “Agenda 2030: UN Sustainable Development Goals” was adopted. Universities play a key role in the realization of Sustainable Development Goals by guiding the society, enabling the dissemination and adoption of new ideas as well as education and research opportunities they provide. In recent years, indexes like Stars, UI GreenMetric and THE Impact Rankings have been developed that evaluate and rank universities in the world with different aspects. These indexes have started to include the initiatives of universities in line with the Sustainable Development Goals among their evaluation criteria. The existence of indexes makes the initiatives of universities in this direction visible, allows universities to compare their achievements in this field with other universities, and ultimately provides awareness and motivation for all universities to take a step in this direction.In this article, Stars, UI GreenMetric and the Impact Rankings, that rank the universities by evaluating their initiatives towards Sustainable Development Goals, were examined. The participation of Turkish universities as well as their positions in these indexes have been analyzed comparatively over the years. Thus, a generalization could be made about the sustainability performances of universities in Turkey and their place among universities in the world.
Kaynakça
- Avrupa Komisyonu (2019), Avrupa yeşil düzeni nedir?, Publications Office of the EU. Erişim adresi https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/be297918-e745-11ea-ad25- 01aa75ed71a1/language-mt
- Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı (2019), Yeşil̇ Ekonomi Çalışma Grubu, 2020. Erişim adresi https://yesildusunce.org/dl/uploads/yesilavrupamutabakati.pdf
- Bayhantopçu, E. ve Özuyar, P. G. (2021). Sürdürülebilir üniversitelerin yönetişim-strateji çalışmaları ve iletişimi için karşılaştırma bazlı bir yaklaşım önerisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 45, 396-412.
- Blackburn, W. (2007). The sustainability handbook: The complete management guide to achieving social, economic, and environmental responsibility, Washington DC: Routledge.
- BM Türkiye (2015). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları. Erişim adresi https://turkey.un.org/tr/sdgs
- De la Poza, E., Merello, P., Barberá, A., ve Celani, A. (2021). Universities’ reporting on SDGs: Using THE Impact Rankings to model and measure their contribution to sustainability. Sustainability, 13(4), 2038.
- Fenner, R. A., Ainger, C. M., Cruickshank, H. J., ve Guthrie, P. M. (2005). Embedding sustainable development at Cambridge University Engineering Department. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 6(3), 229-241.
- Ferrer-Balas, D., Adachi, J., Banas, S., Davidson, C. I., Hoshikoshi, A., Mishra, A., Motodoa, Y., Onga, M., ve Ostwald, M. (2008). An international comparative analysis of sustainability transformation across seven universities. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 9(3), 295–316.
- Günerhan, S. A. ve Günerhan, H. (2016). Türkiye için sürdürülebilir üniversite modeli. Mühendis ve Makina, 57(682), 54-62.
- Hardin, G. (1968). The tragedy of the commons. 162 (3859), 1243-1248. Erişim adresi https://www.jstor.org/stable/1724745
- Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., Randers, J. ve Behrens III, W. W. (1972). The limits to growth: A report for the club of Rome’s Project on the predicament of mankind, Washington DC: Potomac Associates. http://www.donellameadows.org/wp-content/userfiles/Limits-to-Growth-digital-scan-version.pdf
- Mulder, K. F. (2010). Don’t preach. practice! Value laden statements in academic sustainability education. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 11(1), 74-85.
- Merkel, J., Litten, L., ve Litten, L. (2007). The sustainabilty challenge. İçinde L. Litten & D. Terkla (derleme), Advancing Sustainability in Higher Education: New directions for institutional research, no. 134, 7–26. San Francisco: Wiley Periodicals.
- Millenium Summit (2000). United Nations General Assembly. New York. Erişim adresi https://www.un.org/en/events/pastevents/millennium_summit.shtml
- Özuyar, P. G. (2020). Governance of internationally recognised, declaration-based sustainability tools, case for universities in Turkey. Journal of Global Strategic Management, 14. 19-30.
- Özuyar, P. G. ve Bayhantopçu, E. (2021). Yüksek öğrenim kurumlarının sosyal etkilerinin ölçümü üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir analiz. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 9(1), 136-149.
- Ralph, M., ve Stubbs, W. (2014). Integrating environmental sustainability into universities. Higher Education, 67(1), 71–90. Erişim adresi https://doi.org/10.1007/S10734-013-9641-9 .
- STARS web page, History. Erişim adresi https://stars.aashe.org/about-stars/history/
- STARS (2018). How long does it take to complete STARS?. Erişim adresi https://stars.aashe.org/resources-support/help-center/the-basics/how-long-does-it-take-to-complete-stars/
- STARS (2019). STARS 2.2 Technical manual. Erişim adresi https://stars.aashe.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/STARS-2.2-Technical-Manual.pdf
- THE web page. Impact rankings 2019. Erişim adresi https://www.timeshighereducation.com/rankings/impact/2019/overall#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/undefined
- THE web page. Impact rankings 2020. Erişim adresi https://www.timeshighereducation.com/rankings/impact/2020/overall#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/undefined
- THE (2019). THE University Impact Rankings 2019: methodology. Erişim adresi https://www.timeshighereducation.com/university-impact-rankings-2019-methodology
- THE (2020a). THE Impact Rankings 2020: methodology. Erişim adresi https://www.timeshighereducation.com/university-impact-rankings-2020-methodology
- THE (2020b). THE Impact Rankings 2020: results announced. Erişim adresi https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/impact-rankings-2020-results-announced
- THE (2021a). Impact rankings 2022: time to register. Erişim adresi https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/impact-rankings-2022-time-register
- THE (2021b). About THE’s rankings. Erişim adresi https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/about-the-times-higher-education-world-university-rankings
- Tufts University (t.y.). Sustainability Tracking and Assessment Rating System (STARS). Erişim adresi https://sustainability.tufts.edu/sustainability-tracking-and-assessment-rating-system-stars/
- UI GreenMetric. Archive rankings. Erişim adresi http://GreenMetric.ui.ac.id/rankings/archive
- UI GreenMetric web page. How to participate. Erişim adresi http://GreenMetric.ui.ac.id/about/how-to-participate
- UI GreenMetric World University Rankings, (t.y.) Background of The Ranking. Erişim adresi http://GreenMetric.ui.ac.id/about/welcome
- UI GreenMetric (2021). UI GreenMetric guidelines 2021-English. Erişim adresi http://GreenMetric.ui.ac.id/publications/guidelines/2021/english
- UNCED- United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (1992). Agenda 21. Rio de Janeiro. Erişim adresi https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/outcomedocuments/agenda21
- UNCSD – United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, Rio+20 (2012). Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Rio de Janeiro.
- United Nations (2015). Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. New York. Erişim adresi https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda
- Velazquez, L., Munguia, N., Platt, A., ve Taddei, J. (2006). Sustainable university: what can be the matter?. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(9-11), 810-819.
- Welsh, M. A., ve Murray, D. L. (2003). The ecollaborative: Teaching sustainability through critical pedagogy. Journal of Management Education, 27(2), 220-223.
- World Commission on Environment and Sustainable Development and UN Secretary-General (1987). Report of the World Commission on Environment and Sustainable Development: Our Common Future. New York. Erişim adresi https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/139811
- WSSD - World Summit on Sustainable Development – United Nations Johannesburg Summit (2002). Millenium Development Goals, Johannesburg. Erişim adresi https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/milesstones/wssd
SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMA BAĞLAMINDA ULUSLARARASI ÜNİVERSİTE SIRALAMA İNDEKSLERİ VE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ ÜNİVERSİTELER
Yıl 2022,
, 331 - 349, 28.01.2022
Pınar Bal
,
Melek Özlem Ayas
,
Tuba Bozaykut Bük
,
Burcu Yavuz Tiftikçigil
,
Mine Afacan Fındıklı
Öz
2015 yılında gerçekleştirilen Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Konferansında “Gündem 2030: BM Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları” kabul edilmiştir. Üniversiteler, bu amaçların hayata geçirilmesi sürecinde yol gösterici olarak görülmüş; hem yeni fikirlerin yayılması ve benimsetilmesi kabiliyetleri hem de eğitim ve araştırma olanaklarıyla kilit bir rol üstelenmişlerdir. Son yıllarda üniversiteleri farklı yönleriyle değerlendirerek sıralamalar oluşturan STARS, UI GreenMetric ve Times Yükseköğrenim Etki Sıralaması (Times Higher Education (THE) Impact Rankings) gibi indeksler geliştirilmiş ve bu indekslerin değerlendirme kriterleri arasında üniversitelerin Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları doğrultusunda hayata geçirdikleri girişimlere de yer verilmiştir. Bu amaçları değerlendirmeye alan çeşitli indekslerin varlığı üniversitelerin girişimlerinin görünürlüğünü arttırmış, bu alanda elde edilen başarıların karşılaştırılması için bir alan yaratmış; ayrıca birçok üniversitenin farkındalığını ve motivasyonunu güçlendirmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçlarını da inceleyen STARS, UI GreenMetric ve Times Yükseköğrenim Etki Sıralaması indeksleri incelenmiş; Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin bu indekslere katılımları ve bu katılımın yıllar içindeki gelişimi karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Böylelikle Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin sürdürülebilirlik performansları ile dünyadaki üniversiteler arasındaki yerlerine dair bir genelleme yapılabilmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Avrupa Komisyonu (2019), Avrupa yeşil düzeni nedir?, Publications Office of the EU. Erişim adresi https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/be297918-e745-11ea-ad25- 01aa75ed71a1/language-mt
- Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı (2019), Yeşil̇ Ekonomi Çalışma Grubu, 2020. Erişim adresi https://yesildusunce.org/dl/uploads/yesilavrupamutabakati.pdf
- Bayhantopçu, E. ve Özuyar, P. G. (2021). Sürdürülebilir üniversitelerin yönetişim-strateji çalışmaları ve iletişimi için karşılaştırma bazlı bir yaklaşım önerisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 45, 396-412.
- Blackburn, W. (2007). The sustainability handbook: The complete management guide to achieving social, economic, and environmental responsibility, Washington DC: Routledge.
- BM Türkiye (2015). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları. Erişim adresi https://turkey.un.org/tr/sdgs
- De la Poza, E., Merello, P., Barberá, A., ve Celani, A. (2021). Universities’ reporting on SDGs: Using THE Impact Rankings to model and measure their contribution to sustainability. Sustainability, 13(4), 2038.
- Fenner, R. A., Ainger, C. M., Cruickshank, H. J., ve Guthrie, P. M. (2005). Embedding sustainable development at Cambridge University Engineering Department. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 6(3), 229-241.
- Ferrer-Balas, D., Adachi, J., Banas, S., Davidson, C. I., Hoshikoshi, A., Mishra, A., Motodoa, Y., Onga, M., ve Ostwald, M. (2008). An international comparative analysis of sustainability transformation across seven universities. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 9(3), 295–316.
- Günerhan, S. A. ve Günerhan, H. (2016). Türkiye için sürdürülebilir üniversite modeli. Mühendis ve Makina, 57(682), 54-62.
- Hardin, G. (1968). The tragedy of the commons. 162 (3859), 1243-1248. Erişim adresi https://www.jstor.org/stable/1724745
- Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., Randers, J. ve Behrens III, W. W. (1972). The limits to growth: A report for the club of Rome’s Project on the predicament of mankind, Washington DC: Potomac Associates. http://www.donellameadows.org/wp-content/userfiles/Limits-to-Growth-digital-scan-version.pdf
- Mulder, K. F. (2010). Don’t preach. practice! Value laden statements in academic sustainability education. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 11(1), 74-85.
- Merkel, J., Litten, L., ve Litten, L. (2007). The sustainabilty challenge. İçinde L. Litten & D. Terkla (derleme), Advancing Sustainability in Higher Education: New directions for institutional research, no. 134, 7–26. San Francisco: Wiley Periodicals.
- Millenium Summit (2000). United Nations General Assembly. New York. Erişim adresi https://www.un.org/en/events/pastevents/millennium_summit.shtml
- Özuyar, P. G. (2020). Governance of internationally recognised, declaration-based sustainability tools, case for universities in Turkey. Journal of Global Strategic Management, 14. 19-30.
- Özuyar, P. G. ve Bayhantopçu, E. (2021). Yüksek öğrenim kurumlarının sosyal etkilerinin ölçümü üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir analiz. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 9(1), 136-149.
- Ralph, M., ve Stubbs, W. (2014). Integrating environmental sustainability into universities. Higher Education, 67(1), 71–90. Erişim adresi https://doi.org/10.1007/S10734-013-9641-9 .
- STARS web page, History. Erişim adresi https://stars.aashe.org/about-stars/history/
- STARS (2018). How long does it take to complete STARS?. Erişim adresi https://stars.aashe.org/resources-support/help-center/the-basics/how-long-does-it-take-to-complete-stars/
- STARS (2019). STARS 2.2 Technical manual. Erişim adresi https://stars.aashe.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/STARS-2.2-Technical-Manual.pdf
- THE web page. Impact rankings 2019. Erişim adresi https://www.timeshighereducation.com/rankings/impact/2019/overall#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/undefined
- THE web page. Impact rankings 2020. Erişim adresi https://www.timeshighereducation.com/rankings/impact/2020/overall#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/undefined
- THE (2019). THE University Impact Rankings 2019: methodology. Erişim adresi https://www.timeshighereducation.com/university-impact-rankings-2019-methodology
- THE (2020a). THE Impact Rankings 2020: methodology. Erişim adresi https://www.timeshighereducation.com/university-impact-rankings-2020-methodology
- THE (2020b). THE Impact Rankings 2020: results announced. Erişim adresi https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/impact-rankings-2020-results-announced
- THE (2021a). Impact rankings 2022: time to register. Erişim adresi https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/impact-rankings-2022-time-register
- THE (2021b). About THE’s rankings. Erişim adresi https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/about-the-times-higher-education-world-university-rankings
- Tufts University (t.y.). Sustainability Tracking and Assessment Rating System (STARS). Erişim adresi https://sustainability.tufts.edu/sustainability-tracking-and-assessment-rating-system-stars/
- UI GreenMetric. Archive rankings. Erişim adresi http://GreenMetric.ui.ac.id/rankings/archive
- UI GreenMetric web page. How to participate. Erişim adresi http://GreenMetric.ui.ac.id/about/how-to-participate
- UI GreenMetric World University Rankings, (t.y.) Background of The Ranking. Erişim adresi http://GreenMetric.ui.ac.id/about/welcome
- UI GreenMetric (2021). UI GreenMetric guidelines 2021-English. Erişim adresi http://GreenMetric.ui.ac.id/publications/guidelines/2021/english
- UNCED- United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (1992). Agenda 21. Rio de Janeiro. Erişim adresi https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/outcomedocuments/agenda21
- UNCSD – United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, Rio+20 (2012). Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Rio de Janeiro.
- United Nations (2015). Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. New York. Erişim adresi https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda
- Velazquez, L., Munguia, N., Platt, A., ve Taddei, J. (2006). Sustainable university: what can be the matter?. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(9-11), 810-819.
- Welsh, M. A., ve Murray, D. L. (2003). The ecollaborative: Teaching sustainability through critical pedagogy. Journal of Management Education, 27(2), 220-223.
- World Commission on Environment and Sustainable Development and UN Secretary-General (1987). Report of the World Commission on Environment and Sustainable Development: Our Common Future. New York. Erişim adresi https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/139811
- WSSD - World Summit on Sustainable Development – United Nations Johannesburg Summit (2002). Millenium Development Goals, Johannesburg. Erişim adresi https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/milesstones/wssd